High-Nb hawaiite–mugearite and high-Mg calc-alkaline lavas from northeastern Iran: Oligo-Miocene melts from modified mantle wedge

Tertiary volcanic rocks in northwestern Firoozeh, Iran (the Meshkan triangular structural unit), constitute vast outcrops (up to 250 km²) of high-Mg basaltic andesites to dacites that are associated with high-Nb hawaiites and mugearites. Whole-rock ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages show a restricted range of 24.1 ± 0.4–22.9 ± 0.5 Ma for the volcanic rocks. The initial ratios of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd vary from 0.703800 to 0.704256 and 0.512681 to 0.512877, respectively, in the high-Mg basaltic andesites–dacites. High-Th contents (up to 11 ppm) and Sr/Y values (27–100) and the isotopic composition of the subalkaline high-Mg basaltic andesites–dacites indicate derivation from a mantle modified by slab and sediment partial melts. Evidence such as reverse zoning and resorbed textures and high Ni and Cr contents in the evolved samples indicate that magma mixing with mafic melts and concurrent fractional crystallization lead to the compositional evolution of this series. The high-Nb hawaiites and mugearites, by contrast, have a sodic alkaline affinity and are silica undersaturated; they are also enriched in Nb (up to 47 ppm) and a wide range of incompatible trace elements, including LILE, LREE, and HFSE. Geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the high-Nb hawaiites and mugearites suggest derivation from a mantle source affected by lower degrees of slab melts. Post-orogenic slab break-off is suggested to have prompted the asthenospheric upwelling that triggered partial melting in mantle metasomatized by slab-derived melts.     

豆荚状铬铁矿床成矿地球化学指标对比和成矿作用讨论

豆荚状铬铁矿主要赋存于地幔橄榄岩中,与方辉橄榄岩密切相关。在全球的分布与蛇绿岩带分布基本一致,但并非所有蛇绿岩体都赋存有铬铁矿,且其中赋存的铬铁矿体规模和分布都是很不规律的。我们对比研究了国内外9个含铬矿和4个不含铬矿蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的地球化学组成,认为含铬矿地幔橄榄岩具有全岩低含量的CaO(<1.91%)和Al_2O_3(<1.76%)、方辉橄榄岩轻稀土元素富集,橄榄石高Fo值(>90),斜方辉石低Al_2O_3含量(<3.8%)以及副矿物铬尖晶石高Cr/Fe值(>1.5)等特征,可以作为该蛇绿岩体含矿评价的地球化学指标。通过这些指标可知豆荚状铬铁矿床是较高程度部分熔融和地幔交代作用的共同结果,结合前人提出的铬铁矿成矿模式,对铬铁矿的成矿过程有了进一步的认识。     

地幔对流研究的一些新进展

地震学，地球动力学研究倾向于全地幔对流模型；地球化学研究则支持分层地幔对流。无论是简单的全地幔对流模型或分层地幔对流模型，都不能完全解释全部观测事实，为了协调二者的矛盾，人们提出了一些其它混合类模型，其中最有影响的是最近的拉瓦灯（Lava lamp)模型，这类模型目前尚缺乏有力的直接观测支持，因此，还需要随着高精度观测资料的积累和综合分析的深入，进一步完善和改进。     

Geochemical studies on Dachang antimony ore deposit in Qinglong, Guizhou Province

The Dachang antimony deposit in Qinglong,Guizhou Province,is strictly controlled by the “Dachang Layer” which is a complex altered rock occurring at unconformity between the Permian Emeishan basalt and the Maokou limestone.Based on the studies of the hanging-and foot-wall rocks,the trace elements and REE contents of the rocks and ores and heavy placer minerals in the basalt,this paper is focused on the relations between these data and the “Dachang Layer”and its hanging- and oot-wall rocks.The author pointed out that the “Dachang Layer” and basalt are the source-beds of antimony;ilmenite and magnetite are the major mineral carriers of antimony.In the processes of halmyrosis and burial metamorphism of the “Dachang Layer” an basalt,antimony was mobilized along with the mobilization of iron and was preliminarily concentrated in the“ Dachang Layer”.     

北纬35°线附近上地幔软流圈活动格局与地震的关系

北纬３５°线是一条地震特发带,上地幔软流圈对流方向恰好在该线附近发生 转换,研究结果表明,北纬３５°线附近上地幔软流圈活动格局与地震密切相关.     

Petrology of gedrite-bearing rocks in mid-crustal ductile shear zones from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India

A suite of metapelitic, basic and quartzofeldspathic rocks intruded by enderbitic gneiss from the southernmost tip of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India, and metamorphosed at c. 750–800  °C, 6  kbar, were subjected to repeated ductile shear deformation, hydration, cooling and accompanying alkali metasomatism along narrow shear zones. Gedrite-bearing assemblages developed in the shear zones traversing metapelitic rocks. Interpretation of the reaction textures in an appropriate P–T  grid in the system FMASH, an isothermal–isobaric μ _H2O– μ _Na2O grid in the system NFMASH, and geothermobarometric data suggest a complex evolutionary history for the gedrite-bearing parageneses. Initially, gedrite-bearing assemblages were produced due to increase in μ _Na2O at nearly constant but high μ _H2O accompanying cooling. Gedrite was partially destabilized to orthopyroxene+albite due to progressively increasing μ _Na2O. During further cooling and at increased μ _H2O a second generation of gedrite appeared in the rocks.     

北大巴山早古生代地幔交代作用与煌斑岩浆的起源和演化

产于陕西岚皋境内、赋存于碱质煌斑杂岩中的金云角 闪 辉石岩捕虏体是交 代地幔捕虏体。微量元素和SrNd同位素的对比研究表明,金云角闪辉石岩型交代地幔是寄 主煌斑岩的源区。金云角闪辉石岩捕虏体富含高Na、Ti的角闪石是本区寄主煌斑岩富Ti, 具 低K/Na值的根本原因。煌斑杂岩的同位素地球化学研究表明,早古生代地幔交代作用相对 于煌斑岩的侵位是一个相对近的时间间隔,大约发生于距今600～700 Ma。寄主煌斑岩 的 原生岩浆是金云角闪辉石岩型地幔经较大程度部分熔融而形成,原生岩浆为相似于橄榄金伯 利岩和橄辉玢岩的碱质超基性煌斑岩浆,其经初步分离结晶后形成两个不同的母岩浆,分别 相当于橄榄金伯利岩浆和橄辉玢岩岩浆,两个母岩浆各自具有不同的分离结晶系列,形成不 同的岩石类型。     

碱性玄武岩中幔源岩石包体内尖晶石成分特征及其岩石学成因意义

通过对我国东部北起黑龙江省南至海南省３１个产地的新生代碱性玄武岩中橄榄岩类 （纯橄岩、方辉橄榄岩及二辉橄榄岩） 包体和辉石岩类包体中的１６０ 多个尖晶石电子探针分析数据, 论述了尖晶石的Ｃｒ－Ａｌ, Ｆｅ－Ｍｇ, Ｎｉ－Ｍｇ 主元素及有关比值和端员组分之间的关系, 分析研究了不同岩类包体中尖晶石的颜色、成分及成因之间的联系。并利用所分析的有关橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石共生矿物的电子探针分析数据, 采用新的、较合理的Ｂｒｅｙ－Ｋｏｈｌｅｒ温度计及Ｋｏｈｌｅｒ－Ｂｒｅｙ 压力计和Ｂａｌｌｈａｕｓ ｅｔａｌ． 氧逸度计算方法进行了计算, 探讨了尖晶石成分与其形成温度、压力和氧逸度状态的关系, 指出了尖晶石成分所反映的地幔亏损程度及部分熔融程度的变化规律及尖晶石 （相） 稳定的温度、压力和氧逸度范围。     

扬子地块西南缘晚古生代基性岩浆岩的性质与古特提斯洋的演化

扬子地块西南缘晚泥盆世至晚二叠世的基性岩浆岩具有大体类似的地球化学性质, 它们均富集Ｔｉ（ＴｉＯ２＞ ２％ ）、ＬＩＬＥ和ＬＲＥＥ（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ＝ ４．８～１４．６）,Ｔｉ／Ｖ（３２～６７）、Ｔｉ／Ｙ（４００～６９３）和Ｚｒ／Ｙ（３．２～７．６）比值高,具洋岛玄武岩的特征,推测它们均与地幔柱岩浆的活动有关。该地幔柱岩浆活动的时期与古特提斯洋盆演化的时期大体吻合, 但地幔柱岩浆开始喷发的中心与古特提斯初始扩张的中心相距甚远,看来,金沙江－哀牢山洋盆的张开与地幔柱岩浆活动无关。从晚泥盆世至晚二叠世,地幔柱岩浆活动的规模和强度逐渐增加,玄武岩分布中心从广西的南宁－百色之间逐渐向北西３１０°方向迁移了约６００ ｋｍ ,推测这一迁移轨迹可能受金沙江－哀牢山洋盆扩张的影响。据此估计, 金沙江－哀牢山洋盆宽度可达约１ ０００ ｋｍ 。据地幔柱岩浆轨迹与金沙江－哀牢山缝合带所夹的角度推测, 扬子地块可能经历了顺时针旋转, 与古地磁资料一致。     

初议成矿地球物理场：献给刘光鼎院士七十华诞,祝愿刘光鼎院士健康长寿

中国大地构造格局和主要地球物理场分布十分吻合,一些主要地球物场的演化促使若干金属元素成矿,地幔热柱,幔隆和幔坳转换带,莫霍斜坡带,俯冲带等和成矿区关系密切。