某滑坡稳定分析及处理方案探讨

滑坡属于不良地质现象,是斜坡上的部分岩体和土体在自然或人为因素的影响下沿某一明显的界面发生剪切破坏向坡下运动的现象。当高速公路不得不通过某一滑坡时,对其稳定性进行分析和整治设计就显得尤为重要。以祁临高速公路灵石至霍州段窑深沟大桥东南窑深沟滑坡为实例,根据勘察资料,利用岩土力学知识,在公路修好后并运行的情况下,计算出了其稳定系数和推滑力,又以材料力学、结构力学等力学理论为基础,设计出抗滑桩和锚索抗滑桩等两种整治方案,经验证,效果良好。     

克拉通岩石圈地幔的形成与破坏:大洋板块俯冲的贡献

克拉通是地球上最古老的大陆地块.克拉通之所以能够长期稳定存在,主要是因为它具有巨厚、刚性的岩石圈地幔.古老克拉通岩石圈地幔具有高度难熔(富Mg、贫Fe)的特点,其密度较下伏软流圈小,能够"漂浮"在软流圈之上而长期存在.古老克拉通岩石圈地幔是在地球早期壳幔分异之后形成的,其形成可能与大洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关.典型的克拉...     

鲁西南聊考断裂带地震危险性评价与活动性分布

利用1970年以来沿聊考断裂带及周边50 km范围内的地震数据,结合历史强震与现今地震活动背景,分别运用最大似然法和最小二乘法对研究区进行b值计算,圈出高应力累积区,并借助时间相依的地震潜势概率评估方法以及地震活动性分布,得出以下结论：1）南段的范县、清丰、濮阳以及鄄城地区的b值维持在0.6～07之间,属于高应力积累区;2）未来50 a内南段危险性较高,100 a内整条断裂发生M5.0～6.0地震的可能性较大;3）地震活动主要集中在115.2°～115.6°E、34.9°～36°N区域内,且自2000年后地震活动性变强。     

Stage-V copepodites of Calanus sinicus and Calanus jashnovi (Copepoda: Calanoida) in mesopelagic zone of Sagami Bay as identified with genetic markers, with special reference to their vertical distribution

We applied genetic makers to identify Calanus species occurring in Sagami Bay, Japan, in order to investigate their vertical distribution in the upper 1000 m. First, interspecific genetic distances of three gene loci, mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA (srRNA), nuclear internal transcribed spacers 1 (ITS1) and 2 (ITS2), were estimated from morphologically distinguishable adult females of Calanus sinicus, Calanus jashnovi and Calanus pacificus that were collected from Sagami Bay, the Kuroshio Extension and the Oyashio region, respectively. The highest levels of interspecific genetic distance were observed in srRNA, followed by ITS1 and ITS2. The intraspecific genetic distances within C. sinicus were much lower than the interspecific genetic distances, indicating that DNA sequences in these loci are consistent with the morphological differences. This information was used as a criterion for species identification based on DNA sequence variation, and allowed us to identify the fifth copepodites (CVs) or younger stages of these species. Next, the vertical distribution of Calanus species was investigated in Sagami Bay in May 2006, on the basis of a stratified sampling in the upper 1000 m. By applying the genetic markers, 23 individuals comprising all copepodite stages were allocated into either C. sinicus or C. jashnovi, and the small- and large-sized CVs were identified as C. sinicus and C. jashnovi, respectively. The total abundance of C. sinicus was highest at 0-50 m and decreased with depth. On the contrary, CV individuals of C. sinicus were abundant not only in 0-50 m but also below 200 m with minimum occurrences in 150-200 m depth. C. jashnovi was much less abundant than C. sinicus and comprised of only CIV and CV which occurred in the upper 100 m and deeper than 50 m depths, respectively. The abundance of C. sinicus in the 1000-m water column of Sagami Bay was at a level comparable to that in shelf waters, suggesting the importance of off-shelf individuals in the biological production and organic transport in the respective areas.     

丹凤地区刘岭群倒转变质带及其地质意义

根据变质矿物组合和变质带的特征,结合变形构造研究,认为丹凤地区的刘岭群曾遭受过中压相系的变质作用,随后又被褶皱及剪切推覆作用改造,使变质带倒转、变薄。文章认为,本区刘岭群在时代上不能与西部邻区的中泥盆统地层对比。     

辽南早元古宙变质热液型金矿床成矿机理探讨

辽南早元古宙辽河群变质岩系中的金矿床为变质热液成因金矿床,矿床的形成与吕梁期变质变形作用关系密切。金矿化带的展布与金矿体的产出受韧性剪切带控制。剪切带内岩石具有明显的动态性组构特征,直接赋矿围岩为辽河群盖县组糜棱岩化千枚岩、变砂岩及云母石英糜棱岩等。韧性剪切带为含矿流体的运移提供通道。作者定义这类金矿床为变质热液型含金剪切带金矿床。     

一种用于突发性场地污染模拟的解析模型

为了及时有效地应对各种突发性环境污染事故,有必要开发一种简单实用、适于各类型污染物的场地污染数学模型。通过污染事故发生后污染物在包气带、饱和带迁移转化的概化,建立了污染物运移的自由入渗模型以及降雨入渗模型并给出各自相应的解析解。无降雨时,考虑污染物在重力作用下随包气带向下渗透的作用,建立一维垂直入渗模型。有降雨时,考虑污染场地(包气带)中污染物迁移和转化的对流作用、扩散作用及挥发、生物降解、吸附、根系吸收等作用,建立包气带剖面二维溶质运移模型和饱和带平面二维溶质运移数学模型。建模过程中,假定降雨量的平均分布及土壤质地、水力参数以及有机物成分、种类均相同,同时假定污染物与多孔介质间的作用为线性吸附,植物根系对污染物的吸附遵循一级动力学。基于模型的解析解,实现案例的模拟计算。模拟结果表明:该模型具有适用范围广、模拟高效快捷等优点,能够较准确预测污染发生后污染物在土壤中的动向、到达饱和带的时间以及饱和带中污染物的迁移情况。     

Recognition of Paleo-Tethys Suture Zone in eastern Myanmar

The site of final closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Triassic-Jurassic was marked by the colli-sional event between the Shan Massif and Indochina plate, in eastern Myanmar. Previous site of consumption of Paleo-Tethys is now occupied by a complex zone of suturing and deformation along Than Lwin River and in the east of it, formed by drastic tectonic evolution. It is geographically located approximately between longitudes 98E and 100E, and it extends northwards to Yunnan and southwards into West Thailand. The sigmoidal wrench struc-tures of suture zone is situated in the east of step-like structures of Shan Massif, and the western boundary of the suture zone must be immediately on the west side of Than Lwin River and the eastern boundary is near the east border of Myanmar. The area is largely covered by younger rocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age. The Upper Pa-leozoic units of Carboniferous to Permian comprise limestone and dolomite of the Plateau Limestone overlying unconformably the Lower Paleozoic rocks. Metasedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous and their metamorphic equivalents and the flysch-like Triassic-Jurassic units are found as folded and thrusted beds in the area. Large complex of granitic rocks of Late Triassic are also found. Metavolcanics, gabbro and a large number of chromite occur along with these units. A preliminary delineation of a suture zone as the site of closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Myanmar territory is made for the first time and this zone is believed to be a tectonic linkage between Changning-Menglian belt of West China and Inthanon Zone of West Thailand.     

太阳系外行星研究进展

过去的二十年间,利用多种技术（如脉冲时间、径向速度、天文学观测、穿越光度计、反射光度计、微透镜和直接图像）发现了405个太阳系外行星。对这些太阳系外行星的研究首次提供了有关行星生长的信息,诸如星盘结构和演化,星盘性质和大小等。2009年4月对GJ581d行星的观测表明,这个行星处于＂宜居区域＂内,意味着它有液态水,因此可能有生命存在。     

广西桂东某地硅化破碎带型金矿的发现及意义

广西桂东某地硅化破碎带型金矿,是大瑶山地区北侧该类型金矿的首次发现,找矿意义深远。文章着重介绍该金矿的发现史,概述了其地球化学异常特征,提出应重新审视对１／２０ 万异常特别是低缓异常的评价,对处于有利成矿地质条件下的低缓异常的找矿意义,应重新确认