磁通门磁变仪与经典磁变仪状态函数之比较

分析了影响磁通门磁变仪定向状态函数和经典磁变仪定向状态函数改变的因素，对磁通门磁变仪定向状态函数和经典磁变仪定向状态函数及其稳定性进行了比较，得出了有益的结论。     

多尺度孔隙岩石的核磁共振扩散耦合现象及其探测方法

油藏岩石的孔隙连通性是反映流体渗流难易程度的重要参数,对渗透率、有效孔隙度等岩石物理参数的评价具有重要作用.连通的孔隙中,核磁共振（NMR）弛豫的交换会产生扩散耦合现象,可作为孔隙连通性的表征和探测方法.本文提出利用横向弛豫T₂-T₂脉冲序列测量岩石的扩散耦合现象.运用随机游走方法模拟多孔岩石的核磁共振响应特征,分析扩散耦合的影响因素,推导表征扩散耦合强度的弛豫交换速率计算公式.结果表明：孔隙间的扩散耦合强度与T₂-T₂脉冲序列的混合时间呈正相关性,基于双孔弛豫交换模型推导的弛豫交换速率计算公式能够准确表征双尺度孔隙系统的扩散耦合强度.在孔隙尺寸不满足快扩散条件时,会出现与扩散耦合无关的非对角峰信号.针对含多类型孔隙的碳酸盐岩模型,随混合时间的增加,扩散耦合强度变大,一维T₂谱的形态畸变程度加重,在T₂-T₂二维谱中,代表微裂缝、粒间小孔、溶蚀大孔的信号能量变化趋势不同,反映不同类型孔隙间的连通性存在差异.本文的分析与讨论丰富了核磁共振弛豫在岩石物理性质评价中的应用方向,对利用核磁共振评价复杂孔隙岩石的孔隙结构和连通性提供了新思路和新方法.

     

2019年12月26日湖北应城M4.9地震震源参数及余震活动性研究

2019年12月26日湖北应城发生M4.9有感地震,其震感波及武汉大部分地区。为了分析该地震的发震构造及余震活动性,本文利用波形拟合方法测定了不同速度模型下该地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,并用Bootstrapping抽样反演技术评价反演结果;此外,利用模板匹配技术匹配主震和目录余震波形,获取了更为完整的余震目录。结果显示,应城地震以走滑为主,矩心深度7.5km左右,矩震级M_W4.67;应城地震有1个前震和17个余震,余震序列缺少M2~4事件,表明应城地震为孤立型地震,M2以下地震的b值为0.8。     

基于改进型图像信息方法的汶川地震前电离层参量时空特征研究

震前加速破坏阶段地壳岩石破裂过程中可能辐射电磁信号,提取与之相关的电磁信号异常有助于认识地震孕育及破坏过程,从而为防震减灾提供支持.本文提出了改进型图像信息方法(Modified Pattern Informatics Method,MPI方法),并用于汶川地震前电离层参量时空特征信息的提取.通过分析对比处理前后的DEMETER电磁卫星时空图像可以发现,原始时空图像一般存在季节性和空间性的变化规律,较难获得有意义的信息;而采用MPI方法处理后,则发现汶川大地震前,电离层参量存在明显的异常变化.从而,证明了MPI方法具有消除背景趋势、突出短期变化的能力,可以有效地提取强震相关的电磁前兆信息.     

天山北坡高山林线分布的生态地理特征

综合利用多源遥感影像和实地勘察资料识别天山北坡高山林线分布格局,结合区域气象数据和土壤理化性质,分析天山北坡林线分布的生态地理特征。结果表明:①天山北坡林线分布高度大约在2 600～2 850 m,从西向东林线分布高度呈上升趋势,奇台至巴里坤段林线高度上升最为显著;伊犁河谷段与玛纳斯段林线垂直宽度较宽。②影响天山北坡林线分布高度的关键气候因子为生长季温度（如年生物学温度3.35 ℃,最热月均温10.49 ℃,生长季均温8.26 ℃）,特别是年生物学温度,能较好的指示天山北坡高山林线分布位置,且各气候指标均在全国均值范围之内,而影响巴音布鲁克地区森林发育的主要原因为冬季低温干旱。③伊犁林线过渡带和玛纳斯林线过渡带有机质、全氮及全磷的含量最高;酸碱性大致以阜康林线为界,向西呈酸性,向东呈碱性;土壤营养物质主要分布于表层（0～10 cm）,深层(30～80 cm)含量低且变化不显著,具有明显的“表聚现象”;下层土壤pH值从西向东逐渐由弱酸性向弱碱性过渡;电导率空间变异性较强,各层变化特征不显著。     

渭河流域典型黄土剖面的环境磁学特征及其古气候意义

对黄土高原南部耀县全新世黄土地层的形成及保存环境进行了研究.结果表明:地层中磁性矿物主要为软磁性矿物,硬磁性矿物对地层的磁学性质贡献小;随着成壤强度的增加,硬磁性矿物的相对含量在减少.本区全新世地层的形成和保存环境为氧化环境,适宜用磁学手段反演全新世古气候.对磁化率和频率磁化率、无磁滞剩磁磁化率的对比分析,可以看出:成壤强度较低时,细粒磁性矿物相对于磁性矿物总量的增加速率相对较快;成壤强度较高时,细粒磁性矿物的相对含量会达到或趋近饱和,相对于磁性矿物总量的增加速率相对较慢.研究表明,在黄土地层中,χfd%和χARM/χ等指示细粒磁性矿物的磁学参数可以显示更细微的气候变化;在古土壤中,χlf的气候指示意义相对更好.     

The statistics of a passive scalar in field-guided magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

A variety of studies of magnetised plasma turbulence invoke theories for the advection of a passive scalar by turbulent fluctuations. Examples include modelling the electron density fluctuations in the interstellar medium, understanding the chemical composition of galaxy clusters and the intergalactic medium, and testing the prevailing phenomenological theories of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. While passive scalar turbulence has been extensively studied in the hydrodynamic case, its counterpart in MHD turbulence is significantly less well understood. Herein we conduct a series of high-resolution direct numerical simulations of incompressible, field-guided, MHD turbulence in order to establish the fundamental properties of passive scalar evolution. We study the scalar anisotropy, establish the scaling relation analogous to Yaglom’s law, and measure the intermittency of the passive scalar statistics. We also assess to what extent the pseudo Alfvén fluctuations in strong MHD turbulence can be modelled as a passive scalar. The results suggest that the dynamics of a passive scalar in MHD turbulence is considerably more complicated than in the hydrodynamic case.     

利用控制点三维信息标定机载双天线干涉SAR参数

采用基于敏感度方程的方法,研究基于三维重建模型下的机载双天线干涉SAR系统的干涉参数定标问题.干涉参数定标是生成高精度数字高程模型的关键.本文修正了Madsen提出的干涉SAR三维重建的视向量正交分解算法,采用电磁波波前的球面波模型,加入了载机的姿态旋转,构建一种新的干涉SAR三维重建模型.利用各干涉参数对控制点三维信息的不同的敏感性,提出分别利用地面控制点三维信息,对各干涉参数进行定标.并利用中国科学院电子学研究所自主设计、研制的机载干涉SAR系统数据,进行定标处理实验验证.     

Evaluating a process‐based model for use in streambank stabilization: insights on the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM)

Streambank retreat is a complex cyclical process involving subaerial processes, fluvial erosion, seepage erosion, and geotechnical failures and is driven by several soil properties that themselves are temporally and spatially variable. Therefore, it can be extremely challenging to predict and model the erosion and consequent retreat of streambanks. However, modeling streambank retreat has many important applications, including the design and assessment of mitigation strategies for stream revitalization and stabilization. In order to highlight the current complexities of modeling streambank retreat and to suggest future research areas, this paper reviewed one of the most comprehensive streambank retreat models available, the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), which has recently been integrated with several popular hydrodynamic and sediment transport models including the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS). The objectives of this paper were to: (i) comprehensively review studies that have utilized BSTEM and report their findings, (ii) address the limitations of the model so that it can be applied appropriately in its current form, and (iii) suggest directions of research that will help make the model a more useful tool in future applications. The paper includes an extensive overview of peer reviewed studies to guide future users of BSTEM. The review demonstrated that the model needs further testing and evaluation outside of the central United States. Also, further development is needed in terms of accounting for spatial and temporal variability in geotechnical and fluvial erodibility parameters, incorporating subaerial processes, and accounting for the influence of riparian vegetation on streambank pore‐water pressure dynamics, applied shear stress, and erodibility parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同土壤水分对向日葵光合光响应的影响

以食用向日葵为试验材料,大田试验采取人为控制土壤水分在胁迫、适宜和过湿 (土壤田间持水量的40%~54.9%,55%~69.9%和70%~90%) 条件下,研究了向日葵3个生育期 (二对真叶—花序形成期、花序形成—开花期、开花—成熟期) 的光合光响应特性。结果表明:在试验设置光强条件下,各生育期净光合速率随着光合有效辐射的增加而增加,同等的光合有效辐射下净光合速率也随着土壤水分的减少依次降低,尤其是随着光合有效辐射的增大愈加明显。土壤湿度对最大净光合速率和表观量子效率的影响并不是同步的,最大净光合速率随着土壤湿度的增加而增大,而表观量子效率在一定程度的水分胁迫情况下出现最大值。不同的土壤水分含量对光补偿点和光饱和点影响不同,光饱和点随着土壤水分的增加而增加,光补偿点却相反,表明水分胁迫使向日葵可利用光的范围缩小,而适宜水分则扩大了光的利用范围,更有利于干物质积累。暗呼吸速率随着植物的生长进程逐渐降低,不同生育期的水分胁迫均导致暗呼吸速率降低。