New constraints upon the structural and isotopic age of the Oughterard Granite,and on the timing of events in the Dalradian Rocks of Connemara,Western Ireland

A Lower Ordovician age for the Oughterard Granite is established by Rb–Sr dating of magmatic white micas from pegmatites cutting two of the satellite bodies found 12–15 km west of the main granitic intrusions. These micas give a minimum age of c. 473 Ma for the emplacement of the satellite bodies, and for the completion of the D3 deformation in the Dalradian host rocks. The main granite intrusions are post-D4 in age, but some of the small outlying sheet-like intrusions are either deformed by D4 folds, or were present during this deformation and were responsible for the development of locally disharmonic D4 minor folds. The correlation of the smaller granite bodies with the main bodies of Oughterard Granite is supported by their similar field appearance, petrography and trace element geochemistry. In common with other late orogenic granites, such as the 470 Ma Aberdeen Granite in NE Scotland, the Oughterard Granite is thought to have been part of a discontinuous magmatic arc, which formed along the southern margin of the Dalradian outcrop in Connemara and in NE Scotland in the early Ordovician. Members of the Oughterard Granite suite were emplaced during the final stages of the Grampian orogeny, from post-D3 to post-D4, while the country rocks were still at an elevated temperature (>500°C) following the peak of the regional metamorphism. The new minimum age of intrusion of c. 473 Ma, together with existing radiometric data, confirms that emplacement of the metagabbro and gneiss complex in southern Connemara, followed by the D3 structural and metamorphic events, all took place during a period of less than 20 Ma. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东天山板块构造基本特征

依据沉积建造、构造岩石组合、变形、变质、古生物分区、地壳结构、地球物理、地球化学等特征重新划分了东天山的板块构造格局，并对区内５个二级板块单元的基本特征进行了对比总结。康古尔塔格—喀尔力克岛弧系发育泥盆—石炭系岛弧拉斑玄武岩—安山岩，为活动大陆边缘产物；阿奇山—雅满苏岛弧系发育石炭系，４个火山—沉积旋回表明其为典型的活动边缘，无序地层苦水组为海沟区浊积岩；北山可二分，北部与中天山可对比，为早古生代岛弧，南部可与南天山对比，为晚古生代弧后盆地。康古尔塔格—黄山深断裂为准噶尔板块与塔里木板块的分界线，沿断裂发现有巨型韧性剪切带、混杂岩、海沟杂砂岩、大洋岩残片、无序拼合混杂带、碰撞花岗岩等，表明康—黄断裂为南北两板块的俯冲—碰撞带。     

岩浆包裹体研究在火山岩岩石学中的地位

岩浆包裹体研究已经成为现代火山岩岩石学的一项分支学科。研究方面涉及:重溯火山岩浆结晶演化的热历史,提供有关火山岩浆沿下降液相线的成分数据;查明火山岩浆结晶演化过程中化学成分(包括挥发组分)的变迁规律;查明各种岩浆事件的性质(分离结晶、不混溶、混合、混染),及其发生发展的物理化学条件;帮助探索解决某些疑难问题,如下地壳—上地幔的性质及玄武岩浆起源、细碧岩—角斑岩系的成因、测定蚀变火山岩建造的年龄等。此外,岩浆包裹体的实验岩石学研究,以及利用岩浆包裹体阐明火山建造的含矿性,研究火山沉积作用、地热作用等,对于火     

冈底斯岩浆弧的形成与演化

位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧是新特提斯大洋岩石圈长期俯冲导致的中生代岩浆作用的产物,而且在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞过程中叠加了强烈的新生代岩浆作用,是世界上典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,也是研究增生与碰撞造山作用和大陆地壳生长与再造的天然实验室。基于岩浆、变质和成矿作用研究成果,我们将冈底斯弧的形成与演化历史划分5期,即新特提斯洋早期俯冲、新特提斯洋中脊俯冲、新特提斯洋晚期俯冲、印度-亚洲大陆碰撞和后碰撞期。第1期发生在晚白垩世之前,是以新特提斯洋岩石圈的长期俯冲、地幔楔部分熔融形成钙碱性弧岩浆岩为特征。长期的幔源岩浆作用导致了整个冈底斯弧发生显著的新生地壳生长,并在岩浆弧西部形成了一个大型的与俯冲相关的斑岩型铜矿。第2期发生在晚白垩世,活动的新特提斯洋中脊发生俯冲,软流软圈沿板片窗上涌,使上升的软流圈、地幔楔和俯冲洋壳发生部分熔融,导致了强烈的幔源岩浆作用和显著的新生地壳生长与加厚,并以不同类型和不同成分岩浆岩的同时发育和伴随的高温变质作用为特征。第3期发生在晚白垩世晚期,为新特提斯洋脊俯冲后残余大洋岩石圈的俯冲期,以正常的弧型岩浆作用为特征。第4期发生在古新世至中始新世,伴随印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞,俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈回转和断离引起软流圈上涌,诱发了强烈的幔源岩浆作用。在此阶段,大陆碰撞导致的地壳挤压缩短和幔源岩浆的底侵与增生,使冈底斯弧经历了显著的地壳生长和加厚,新生和古老加厚下地壳的高压、高温变质和部分熔融,幔源和壳源岩浆岩的共生和强烈的岩浆混合。所形成的I型花岗岩大多继承了新生地壳弧型岩浆岩的化学成分,并多显出埃达克岩的地球化学特征。在岩浆弧北部形成了一系列与起源于古老地壳花岗岩相关的Pb-Zn矿床。第5期发生在晚渐新世到早-中中新世的后碰撞挤压过程中,以地壳的继续加厚,加厚下地壳的高温变质、部分熔融和埃达克质岩石的形成为特征。在岩浆弧东段南部形成了一系列与起源于新生加厚下地壳埃达克质岩石相关的斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿。冈底斯带的多期岩浆、变质与成矿作用为其从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的构造演化提供了重要限定。     

全球岛弧玄武岩数据挖掘——在玄武岩判别图上的表现及初步解释

MORB(洋中脊玄武岩)、OIB(洋岛玄武岩)和IAB(岛弧玄武岩)是学术界最关心的3种玄武岩类型,其中尤以与板块消减作用有关的岛弧岩浆活动备受关注。岛弧可分为洋内岛弧和大陆边缘岛弧(活动陆缘弧)2类。对IAB进行讨论,重点探讨IAB的识别。IAT(岛弧拉斑玄武岩)和IAB是前弧、岛弧和后弧岩浆作用的产物,其中,后弧组分更具多样性,它不同于弧后玄武岩,前者属于弧的范围,而后者形成的动力学过程与俯冲系统有关,但其是独立的构造单元,尽管其岩浆作用可能仍受到俯冲流体的影响。前人对IAB进行了大量研究,提出了多种构造环境判别图解,并得到广泛应用。尝试应用全球玄武岩数据来验证上述判别图的可信度,研究发现,可信度高的判别图不多,且大多与Th、Ta(Nb)和Ti元素有关的,如Hf-Th-Ta(Nb)、TiZr-Sr和Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图,其余判别图的判别效果可信度低且具多解性,建议谨慎使用。IAB与MORB和OIB的区别主要体现在Nb-Ta亏损的特征上,是否受到俯冲流体的影响是区分IAB与MORB和OIB最重要的标志。     

新疆东天山地区"大草滩运动"的建立与其地质意义

通过对东天山中泥盆统头苏泉组与下泥盆统大南湖组之间不整合的研究,确认下泥盆统大南湖组为海相岛弧沉积,中泥盆统头苏 且为陆相沉积,二者之间的不整合代表一次造陆运动,因而建立了“大草滩运动”。“大草滩运动”造成地壳抬升,使北天山洋闭合,结束了北天山洋的演化历史。     

浙江建德铜矿成矿流体、成矿物质来源与矿床成因探讨

浙江建德铜矿位于钦杭结合带北东段,是浙江省最大的铜矿之一,该矿床的成因一直存在争议。本文在详细的野外调查基础上,对建德铜矿成矿期流体包裹体及氢、氧、硫同位素进行了系统测定。流体包裹体研究表明,建德铜矿主要发育三类包裹体：Ⅰ类富液相气液两相包裹体,Ⅱ类富气相气液两相包裹体,以及Ⅲ类含子晶包裹体。显微测温结果显示：Ⅰ类富液相包裹体加热后均一到液相,均一温度分布范围主要集中在280~340℃,流体包裹体盐度0.63%~8.00% NaCleqv;Ⅱ类富气相包裹体加热均一到气相,均一温度296~334℃,盐度1.22%~2.00% NaCleqv,属低盐度范围;Ⅲ类含子晶包裹体加热均一到液相,均一温度范围与Ⅱ类包裹体基本相同,分布范围为290~326℃,盐度很高,分布范围为31.87%~38.16% NaCleqv。Ⅱ类与视域内共存的Ⅲ型流体包裹体的均一温度相似,盐度相差很大,表明发生强烈的流体沸腾作用。流体的强烈沸腾作用是造成建德铜矿成矿物质沉淀富集的原因。氢氧同位素测试结果（δ¹⁸O_H2O值在8.1‰~10.6‰,δD_H2O变化范围从-78‰~-61‰）显示成矿流体主要为岩浆流体。硫化物硫同位素研究显示,δ³⁴S值的总体变化范围是0.78‰~4.77‰,并且总体分布在零值附近呈塔式分布,这也暗示着建德铜矿硫化物的硫主要来自于岩浆。流体包裹体及氢、氧、硫同位素研究,并结合地质特征,表明建德铜矿是与晚侏罗世燕山期花岗闪长斑岩有关的,受石炭系灰岩、白云岩和泥盆系砂岩之间“硅钙面”控制的岩浆热液矿床。

     

东昆仑东段清水泉辉长岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

清水泉辉长岩体位于东昆仑中缝合带清水泉蛇绿岩北侧,主要岩性为角闪辉长岩。该岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为452.1±5Ma,形成时代为晚奥陶世。辉长岩体样品SiO_2含量为43.89%~45.99%,Na_2O含量为1.30%~2.32%,K_2O含量为0.68%~1.39%,P_2O_5含量为0.26%~0.40%,TiO_2含量较低,为0.74%~0.95%,MgO含量为5.72%~6.54%,Mg~#值较低,为53~54。岩石地球化学特征显示,该岩体属于拉斑玄武岩系列,稀土元素表现出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特点,微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba等,尤其以Ba的正异常最为突出)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf)为特征。微量元素构造判别显示,其形成于活动陆缘岛弧构造环境。结合区域地质资料研究表明,清水泉辉长岩体可能形成于以清水泉蛇绿岩为代表的东昆仑中弧后有限洋盆向北俯冲的初始阶段。     

甘肃北山造山带红石山地区埃达克质花岗岩类的发现及其地质意义

甘肃北山造山带红石山地区的海西-印支期花岗岩类岩石属于钙碱性岩浆系列,具有岛弧花岗岩的特点,但岩石化学、地球化学和同位素组成等的研究表明,它们具有埃达克岩的特征。这些岩石SiO2含量均大于56%,Al2O3含量多≥15%,富Na,MgO含量<3%,Mg#为30.71~59.13,Sr含量高,Sr/Y在19.71~72.86之间,8个样品中有6个比值大于40;Y<18×10-6(6.0×10-6~14.7×10-6);Eu异常不明显或具弱的Eu负异常,稀土元素分异强烈,属强烈的轻稀土元素富集型;Nb负异常十分明显,Sr也具有较明显的正异常,其εNd(t)为正值[εNd(t)=4.09~5.67],(La/Yb)N-YbN和Sr/Y-Y图解上样品主要落入埃达克质岩区域。这些埃达克质岩石的发现,对于研究北山造山带晚古生代的构造演化、地球动力学特征及找矿具有十分重要的意义。     

Relicts of an intra-oceanic arc in the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone (Ladakh, NW Himalaya, India): implications for the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean

In the Ladakh–Zanskar area, relicts of both ophiolites and paleo-accretionary prism have been preserved in the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone. The paleo-accretionary prism, related to the northward subduction of the northern Neo-Tethys beneath the Ladakh Asian margin, mainly consists of tectonic intercalations of sedimentary and blueschist facies rocks. Whole rock chemical composition data provide new constraints on the origin of both the ophiolitic and the blueschist facies rocks. The ophiolitic rocks are interpreted as relicts of the south Ladakh intra-oceanic arc that were incorporated in the accretionary prism during imbrication of the arc. The blueschist facies rocks were previously interpreted as oceanic island basalts (OIB), but our new data suggest that the protolith of some of the blueschists is a calc-alkaline igneous rock that formed in an arc environment. These blueschists most likely originated from the south Ladakh intra-oceanic arc. This arc was accreted to the southern margin of Asia during the Late Cretaceous and the buried portion was metamorphosed under blueschist facies conditions. Following oceanic subduction, the external part of the arc was obducted to form the south Ladakh ophiolites or was incorporated into the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone. The incorporation of the south Ladakh arc into the accretionary prism implies that the complete closure of the Neo-Tethys likely occurred by Eocene time.