Growth and growth constraints in craft industry clusters: The batik industries of Central Java

We investigate the constraints on and forms of business change and how these shape collective dynamics in batik-producing districts in Indonesia. Conceptually, this paper argues the need to incorporate insights regarding the constraints on, forms of change and segmentation of small businesses with those relating to the collective dynamics of industry agglomerations and the possibilities for policy to effect joint action. We examined 89 batik businesses surveyed across four districts in Surakarta and Pekalongan, Central Java. Overall, the picture we find is one of constraint, modest forms of change and weariness of the effects that policy can have on collective dynamics. In the face of much diminished batik industry agglomerations in both cities, we find little evidence of differences in growth patterns and constraints according to location or industry segment.     

Filtering action of embedded massive foundations: New analytical expressions and evidence from 2 instrumented buildings

This paper deals with the effect of the foundation mass on the filtering action exerted by embedded foundations. The system under examination comprises a rigid rectangular foundation embedded in a homogeneous isotropic viscoelastic half‐space under harmonic shear waves propagating vertically. The problem is addressed both theoretically and numerically by means of a hybrid approach, where the foundation mass is explicitly included in the kinematic interaction between the foundation and the surrounding soil, thus referring to a “quasi‐kinematic” interaction problem. Based on the results of an extensive parametric study, it is shown that the filtering problem depends essentially on three dimensionless parameters, i.e.: the dimensionless frequency of the input motion, the foundation width‐to‐embedment depth ratio, and the foundation‐to‐soil mass density ratio. In complements to the translational and rotational kinematic interaction factors that are commonly adopted to quantify the filtering effect of rigid massless foundations on the free‐field motion, an additional kinematic interaction factor is introduced, referring to the horizontal motion at the top of a rigid massive foundation. New analytical expressions for the above kinematic interaction factors are proposed and compared with foundation‐to‐free‐field transfer functions computed from available earthquake recordings on two instrumented buildings in LA (California) and Thessaloniki (Greece). Results indicate that the foundation mass can have a strong beneficial effect on the filtering action with increasing foundation‐to‐soil mass density and foundation width‐to‐embedment depth ratios.     

Seismic behavior of coupled steel plate shear walls with simple boundary frame connections

The coupled steel plate shear wall (C-SPSW) configuration has been investigated by researchers as a means of improving the overturning stiffness and architectural flexibility of SPSW structures. While C-SPSWs have been shown to exhibit excellent seismic performance, the fabrication cost associated with the high number of moment-resisting connections used in such systems is a potential detraction to their use as an economical solution. Past research has shown that the hysteresis response of SPSWs with simple frame connections is significantly pinched, and as such, most seismic codes prohibit their use in high seismic areas. However, when used in the C-SPSW configuration, a dual system is formed in which the coupling beams not only improve resistance to overturning but also provide substantial lateral strength and energy dissipation capacity. This paper presents an exploration of the potential to improve the economy of C-SPSWs by using the simple boundary frame connections. First, employing the principles of plastic analysis, an attempt is made to quantify the contribution of the coupling beams to the overall lateral load resistance of the system. Then, to evaluate the seismic performance of such C-SPSW systems and allow for the comparison with that of the C-SPSWs with rigid frames, several prototypes are designed and analyzed using a series of nonlinear response history and pushover analyses. The results indicated that the C-SPSWs with simple boundary frames exhibited satisfactory seismic performance comparable with that of the C-SPSWs with rigid frames under both the 10/50 and 2/50 hazard levels, while allowing for reduced fabrication costs.     

地震作用下不同厚度饱和砂土中直群桩结构动力响应试验研究

基于振动台试验,设计制作2×2直群桩结构相似模型,通过输入一定峰值加速度的迁安波,对非液化砂土、300 mm厚饱和砂土和380 mm厚饱和砂土中群桩承台横向动力响应特性展开研究。研究结果表明:在迁安波输入下,非液化砂土中群桩承台加速度和位移时程与台面输入时程相比,其波形变化规律与峰值大小没有明显差异;而对于两种不同厚度饱和砂土中承台加速度放大较多,承台位移峰值较台面位移峰值相差不大。在300 mm饱和砂土中群桩承台加速度峰值较台面输入放大了约1.35倍,在380 mm饱和砂土中承台加速度峰值放大了1.42倍,说明在相同输入条件下,较厚的饱和砂土层在发生液化后群桩承台的动力响应更加显著。     

考虑钢筋拉结作用的钢管混凝土节点抗连续倒塌机理分析

地震、火灾和撞击等极端情况可能会引起建筑结构发生局部或者大范围的坍塌破坏。现有关于建筑结构抗连续倒塌研究主要考虑楼板对梁整体刚度的贡献,并未考虑板内钢筋的连续拉结作用,可能保守的评估了楼板对整体结构的抗连续倒塌贡献。因此,选取圆截面钢管混凝土组合节点为研究对象,基于ABAQUS软件建立板内钢筋端部不约束和约束两种不同边界条件的数值模型,分析竖向中柱失效工况下节点的破坏机理,对比不同约束条件下钢管混凝土节点的抗连续倒塌承载力计算曲线,观察板内钢筋约束条件下对该类节点梁机制和悬链线机制承载力的影响。研究结果表明:考虑板内钢筋单向拉结作用时,组合节点倒塌破坏分为:梁机制阶段、转化阶段、悬链线机制阶段和破坏阶段;对比两种不同约束条件下所得抗力曲线发现,考虑板内钢筋拉结作用时,梁机制承载力提高了7%左右,悬链线阶段承载力变化并不明显。     

FVD与FPB在大跨长联减隔震体系梁桥中的联合作用机理研究

为验证液体黏滞阻尼器(FVD)与摩擦摆支座(FPB)组合在大跨长联减隔震体系梁桥中的应用效果,以一联(50+8×100+50) m预应力混凝土连续梁桥为工程背景,建立全桥有限元模型,通过输入场地地震安评报告提供的50年超越概率为2%的三条人工模拟地震波,开展单独及组合使用液体黏滞阻尼器和摩擦摆支座的大跨长联梁桥减隔震研究,从能量耗散的角度揭示液体黏滞阻尼器与摩擦摆支座组合在大跨长联减隔震体系梁桥中的联合作用机理。结果表明,大跨长联梁桥仅使用黏滞阻尼器,其长周期特性激发黏滞阻尼器充分发挥耗能,但无法避免对固定墩的地震损伤;仅使用摩擦摆支座隔震在纵(横)向强震下会引起支座位移超限;摩擦摆支座与黏滞阻尼器组合的减震机理为摩擦摆支座提供墩梁间的弱连接,激发墩梁间的相对速度,促进黏滞阻尼器(速度型)充分发挥阻尼耗能作用。另外,组合减震方案中摩擦摆支座为辅助耗能装置,黏滞阻尼器为主要耗能装置,且主控梁体位移;相比仅使用摩擦摆支座隔震,由于黏滞阻尼器激发的阻尼力增强了墩梁间约束,这种组合减隔震可能使结构输入能量增加,从而导致地震反应加剧。     

强震状态下黄土中桩基动力性状分析

传统通过p-y曲线法分析强震状态下黄土中桩基动力性状时未进行桩基结构模拟,获取的强震状态下黄土中桩基动力的相关动力参数不准确。本文提出新的强震状态下黄土中桩基动力性状分析方法,依据HS硬化模型设计HSS本构模型,通过模型获取强震状态下黄土中桩基动力的相关参数,以此为基础采用PLAXIS软件构建黄土中桩基有限元模型;通过两种模型从耦合荷载作用下的桩基桩身水平位移响应、桩身内力响应两方面对强震状态下黄土桩基动力性状展开实验分析。实验结果表明,所提方法可对强震状态下黄土中桩基动力性状进行准确分析。     

城乡“对流”视角的城乡融合发展路径

推动城乡各种“能量”的相互交换和双向流动,是新时代城乡融合发展和乡村振兴的必然要求。本文分析了城乡融合和城乡“对流”的内涵,探讨了城乡“对流”推动城乡融合发展的机理和基本路径。城乡融合是城与乡相互作用的动态过程,可以从总体思路、基本路径、主要维度、重点内容、实现过程等方面阐述城乡融合的内涵。城乡对流是城乡互动的形象表达,是推动城乡融合发展的基本举措和方法,主要包括要素“流”、产业“流”、产品“流”、公共服务“流”和文化观念“流”。城乡“对流”通过溢出效应和协同效应,实现资源要素良性循环、结构功能优化协调、发展空间格局重塑,推动实现城乡融合发展。基于城乡“对流”视角的城乡融合发展需要推动城乡要素双向流动、城乡产业格局重构、城乡商贸流通体系重建、公共服务互联互通、城乡文化交流互补。     

桩-土-结构相互作用对结构弹塑性变形特性的影响

在桩-土-结构弹塑性动力相互作用模型研究的基础上,设计了考虑场地类别、输入地震动等因素的基于相互作用模型的多层和高层钢筋混凝土框架结构算例,分析了桩-土-结构相互作用对结构弹塑性变形特性的影响,并与不考虑相互作用的结构底部固端模型的计算结果进行了对比。分析表明:相互作用对结构的弹塑性变形的影响不容忽视,考虑相互作用后梁柱塑性铰出现的程度降低;结构底部位移增加而顶部位移减小;薄弱层的层间位移可能增加而其余层的层间位移则减小。现行的结构弹塑性变形验算方法未考虑土-结构相互作用的做法的合理性值得进一步评判。     

波浪和风生浪流作用下的近岸海底泥沙运移模型的推广和应用

本文利用数值计算和经验公式相结合的方法,获得了在波浪和风生流和波浪共同作用下海底泥沙输移的二维模型.在此基础上,讨论了海底泥沙输移在风速、风向和泥沙粒径不同等三种情况下的变化特征;指出了经验公式对泥沙输移规律的适用范围以及风速、风向对于近岸处泥沙输移重要性.这一研究结果对近岸结构物的选址设计具有实际应用价值.