SAR影像仿真与水下地形反演的阻尼牛顿—行作用法

研究了浅海SAR影像仿真与水下地形反演的数值方法。将仿真与反演问题模型处理为相互独立的依赖于时间的非线性偏微分方程动力系统。使反演问题模型仅依赖于SAR影像灰度值，计算可一次性完成，计算过程中无须与正问题进行数据交互，在此基础上，提出了仿真与反演的一种新的一致性优化算法：阻尼牛顿-行作用法．数值实验结果表明，算法对SAR影像仿真问题具有高效、可靠、计算稳定的特征；对水下地形反演问题也有较强的数值稳定性和较高的计算精度。本文3个算例反演出的地形与实际地形之间的相关系数都优于0．72029．     

Numerical Simulation for Refraction-Diffraction of Waves in Water of Slowly Varying Current and Topography

A new numerical finite difference iteration method for refraction-diffraction of waves in waterof slowly varying current and topography is developed in this paper.And corresponding theoretical modelincluding the dissipation term is briefly described,together with some analysis and comparison ofcomputational results of the model with measurements in a hydraulic scale model(Berkhoff et al.,1982).An example of practical use of the method is given,showing that the present model is useful to engineeringpractice.     

Generalized Mean-Flow Theory of Wave-Current-Bottom Interactions

1 .IntroductionAveraging has beenconsidered as anactive ,effective and precise methodinthe studyof fluid dy-namics ,andthe governing macroscopic variables like velocity are the averagingresults inthemselves .Consequently,for a special purpose ,the fluid m…     

太平洋牡蛎三倍体与二倍体特殊动力代谢的比较

采用耗氧强度测定法 ,对太平洋牡蛎三倍体和二倍体代谢进行比较研究。结果表明 ,在不同温度下 ,2n标准代谢 (StM)占常规代谢 (有饵料条件下 ,RfM)的比例平均为 85 7%( 82 6%— 91 % ) ,高于 3n的 78 4% ( 72 %— 84 3% ) ;2n因摄食所耗机械代谢变动于RfM的2 6%— 6 7% ,平均值为 4 3% ,低于 3n的 8% ( 4 9%— 1 3 6% ) ;同时 ,2n用于消化、吸收食物的代谢平均约占RfM的 9 98% ,低于 3n的均值 1 2 6%。经协方差分析检验 ,倍性对标准代谢、消化和吸收代谢及摄食代谢虽未表现出显著作用 ,但在不同生理状况下 ,2n耗氧率的均值都高于 3n。在 2 0℃下 ,对太平洋牡蛎 2n和 3n标准代谢和常规代谢 (无饵料条件下 ,RM)的昼夜周期性比较表明 ,3n的特殊动力代谢 (SDA)峰值略高于 2n,SDA持续时间和总耗能分别为 2n的 1 3倍和 0 80倍。实验还表明 ,2n和 3n在停食后 2 8h和 2 4h分别达到其排氨率的高峰 ,两者的排氨率差异虽不显著 ,但排氨率均值 3n高于 2n。     

Coastline configuration disrupts the effects of large-scale climatic forcing, leading to divergent temporal trends in wave exposure

Both climate change and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may influence coastal systems by altering wave exposure. The effects of such climatic forcing are often coherent over relatively large geographic areas. Temporal trends in wave exposure at any particular shore are, however, the result of an interaction between site-specific fetch characteristics and changes in wind climate. This leads to contrasting trends in wave exposure at locations separated by no more than a few kilometres. Wave exposures were estimated at locations around a sea lough over 32 years to characterise these scales of variability. Locations separated by approximately 5 km had independent dynamics with respect to the temporal trend (correlation range −0.35 to 0.44) and to associations with the NAO (correlation range −0.18 to 0.40). Wave exposure can therefore be increasing for a section of shore while nearby areas have the opposite trend. Mean exposure at a location was not a good predictor of the temporal trend. More exposed sites were, however, sensitive to variations in the strength of the NAO. The reduction of large scale forcing to small-scale variability has implications for the detection and mitigation of potential climate change impacts.     

Refraction-Diffraction Model for Irregular Wave and Directional Spectrum Considering Current

- A mild-slope equation for combined refraction and diffraction of random waves in the independent time current is derived using Kirby equation(1984). In the derivation, the frequency of random waves is represented based on the time series concept, by a typical frequency and its deviation part. Numerical results, compared with those of laboratory experiments, demonstrate that new set of irregular mild slope equation with current is of good adaptability.     

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Composite Pipeline in a Wave-Current Coexisting Field

-A composite pipeline is defined as a pipeline system composed of one big pipe and one or several small pipes. Based on the theory of wave- current interaction and physical model test, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the submarine composite pipeline in wave-current coexisting field (both regular and irregular waves) are investigated. The so-called "modified diameter method" is used for analyzing the in-fine hydrodynamic coefficients of the composite pipeline, which are well related to KC number. The comparison of test data for regular and irregular waves shows that in the region of 90 > KC> 20, the results in these two cases can be unified. The effect of water depth is analyzed in details. The relationships between CD, CM and KC , which are based on the results of present research, may be used as a reference in engineering design.     

北黄海天文潮与风暴潮耦合水位的数值预报方法

本文在北黄海潮汐、天文潮与风暴潮耦合作用数值研究的基础上,建立了该区天文潮与风暴潮耦合作用下水位的数值预报方法,并取得了计算值与实测值较吻合的结果。     

浙江省滩涂资源的动态变化分析

科学合理地开发、利用和保护滩涂这一重要资源,可有效地保障土地安全、缓解浙江省用地需求矛盾.要想合理地开发利用滩涂资源,首先必须了解它的属性及特点.从围垦历史及滩涂的开发现状、滩涂资源面积的动态变化、不同时期的海图对比、泥沙来源以及人类活动对滩涂淤涨速率的影响等方面进行论述,归纳得出浙江省滩涂资源的动态再生性规律.     

Progress in Research on Metallogenic Environment of Ferromanganese Crusts

大洋铁锰结壳是继大洋多金属结核之后出现的又一极具潜在经济价值的水下固体矿产(王毅民，1992)，富含Mn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni和Pt多种金属元素及非金属元素P，Co含量最高可达2.5%，是大陆含Co矿床的数倍到数十倍，铂的平均含量也是上地壳的80倍。据众多科学家的初步估计，仅太平洋西部火山构造隆起带上，铁锰结壳矿床的潜在资源量就达10亿t，其中Co金属含量可达600万～700万t，经济总价值超过1000亿美元(Klinkhammer et al.，1980；Halbach et al.，1984；DeCarlo et al.，1987；何高文等，2001)。这与全球陆地已探明Co资源总量仅为1 500万t相比，数量极为可观，并且结壳的产出水深多小于3000 m， 易于进行系统的、大量的样品采集，开采风险及开采时对环境的影响也较小。因此，近年来，随着世界经济的蓬勃发展和高新技术的开发， 对Mn、Cu、Co、Ni等元素的需求日益增大及由此所导致的陆地上这些资源的迅速枯竭，使人们纷纷将目光转向深海底矿产，加大了对海底铁锰结壳资源的研究力度和深度，其资源的经济地位也相应进一步提高。据专家预测，大洋铁锰结壳很可能会比大洋的金属结核率先实现商业性开采，并成为21世纪新兴的海洋矿产产业(Hein et al.，1998；潘家华等，1995)。 此外，结壳还有净化空气中SO2与NO2的氧化催化剂等用途，并且铁锰结壳成矿环境的研究，还具有较高的科学价值，可使科学家进一步深入了解和认识地内深部物源、海底水-岩反应、金属成矿富集过程及其中的微生物成矿作用乃至古海洋环境演变等问题，而这些问题迄今仍未得到完善解决，是当前地学和海洋学领域的研究热点。这就使铁锰结壳成矿环境的研究显得尤为重要。