胶西北高Ba-Sr郭家岭型花岗岩岩浆混合成因：岩石地球化学与Sr-Nd同位素约束

胶东是我国最重要的金矿集区,拥有全国近四分之一的金资源储量,其95%以上赋存在玲珑型和郭家岭型花岗质岩体内。然而,关于花岗岩类的成因,尤其是早白垩世郭家岭型花岗质岩石成因仍存有争议。郭家岭型花岗岩质岩体自西向东包括三山岛岩体、新城岩体、上庄岩体、北截岩体、丛家岩体和郭家岭岩体等。其中,新城岩体是迄今为止在胶东矿集区内发现的唯一赋存超大型金矿床的郭家岭型花岗质岩体,呈北东向岩株状侵入到玲珑型花岗岩体中,主要由石英二长岩和二长花岗岩组成,二者之间呈渐变过渡关系,为同期岩浆活动作用的产物。为了厘定新城岩体的岩石成因,揭示胶西北早白垩世高Ba-Sr郭家岭型花岗岩形成的地球动力学背景,论文对新城岩体进行了详实的野外地质调查,系统采集了二长花岗岩样品,分析了其矿物化学、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素组成。新城二长花岗岩的SiO2含量变化于70.89%~73.35%,相对于传统的I、S、M和A型花岗岩具有高的全碱(K2O+Na2O=7.03%~8.68%)、Sr(640×10-6)、Ba(853×10-6)和轻稀土(LREE)含量(65.43×10-6),低的Al2O3(14.41%~15.54%)、MgO(0.21%~0.62%)、Rb(103×10-6)、Th(10.3×10-6)、U(5.87×10-6)、Nb(6.14×10-6)、Ta(0.599×10-6)、Y(10.3×10-6)和重稀土(HREE)含量(5.3×10-6),LREE富集、HREE相对亏损(LREE/HREE=15.03~42.05),轻、重稀土元素分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=20.32~198.79],无明显的铕异常,明显亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,显示出典型的高Ba-Sr花岗岩所具有的地球化学特征,属高Ba-Sr花岗岩。二长花岗岩中的斜长石和钾长石斑晶均呈典型的反环带结构,其中斜长石属于更长石,An值介于12.87~22.91,钾长石属于正长石,Or值为81.24~93.69。Sr-Nd同位素分析表明二长花岗岩的初始87Sr/86Sr(Isr)和εNd(t)分别为0.71071~0.71172和-21.3~-17.1,二阶段亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM2)为2310~2648Ma。上述元素地球化学、矿物化学和Sr-Nd同位素数据分析表明,高Ba-Sr新城二长花岗岩是胶北地体基底岩石胶东群变质岩部分熔融形成的酸性岩浆与早先幔源岩浆底侵作用形成的新生镁铁质地壳部分熔融形成的中性岩浆混合作用的结果,古太平洋板块向华北板块俯冲及其伴生的软流圈物质上涌可能是胶西北高Ba-Sr郭家岭型花岗岩形成的机制。     

河北武安西石门铁矿床Fe同位素特征及其成矿指示意义

发育于太行山造山带南段的西石门铁矿矿体和岩体、碳酸盐岩地层之间有非常明显的接触界线,且具有明显的侵入关系.矿石矿物主要以自形磁铁矿为主,矿石发育气孔构造,显示了充填-贯入的特征.全岩地球化学分析结果表明,闪长岩与钠长岩的FeO、MgO与TiO₂呈明显的线性正相关,Na₂O与SiO₂呈微弱线性正相关,而Na₂O与CaO呈线性负相关.闪长岩Fe同位素组成的变化范围为δ⁵⁶Fe=-0.048‰~0.223‰,平均值为δ⁵⁶Fe=0.070‰±0.197(2SD,n=6);钠长岩Fe同位素组成的变化范围为δ⁵⁶Fe=0.033‰~0.101‰,平均值为δ⁵⁶Fe=0.063‰±0.070(2SD,n=4);磁铁矿矿石Fe同位素组成的变化范围为δ⁵⁶Fe=0.008‰~0.115‰,平均值为δ⁵⁶Fe=0.065‰±0.089(2SD,n=12);两个矽卡岩Fe同位素分别为-0.085‰和0.025‰;大理岩样品的δ⁵⁶Fe为-0.320‰.磁铁矿矿石Fe同位素组成和平均火成岩接近,且较为均一,铁的来源很可能来自于高温"矿浆".本文提出西石门铁矿床为岩浆通道-"矿浆"贯入式成矿.矿体下部相比上部更偏富集Fe的重同位素,判断"矿浆"运移方向是从下部往上部运移.     

海沟岩体的成岩时代及成因探讨

本文在研究海沟岩体地质、岩石化学、地球化学特征的基础上,对海沟岩体的成岩时代和成因进行了探讨。同位素结果表明,海沟岩体的就位年龄为167Ma-185.6Ma,属燕山早期第一阶段岩浆活动的产物;岩体稳定同位素特征分析、侵位特征以及稀土元素特征的研究,确定海沟岩体为幔、壳混源型。     

内蒙古土牧尔台地区黑云母二长花岗岩及其暗色包体的成因及构造意义

内蒙古中部土牧尔台地区位于华北克拉通北缘,区内广泛发育黑云母二长花岗岩及暗色闪长岩包体,绝大多数包体与寄主岩石呈渐变过渡的接触关系.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,寄主岩石年龄为273 ～ 271Ma,包体年龄为268±2Ma,两者均形成于早-中二叠世.其中,寄主岩石具有高钾钙碱性、弱过铝质、高分异Ⅰ型花...     

东天山卡拉塔格地区镁铁质岩体年代学、岩石地球化学研究

东天山大南湖岛弧带北缘卡拉塔格地区发育一系列镁铁质岩体,出露面积1km2。岩体岩相较为单一,主要岩性有辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、橄长岩、淡色辉长岩和辉绿岩。本文利用LA-ICP-MS测得2个辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为282. 2±0. 6Ma和278. 3±0. 6Ma;与吐哈盆地玄武岩及东天山地区铜镍硫化物矿床时代一致。岩石地球化学显示相对低Fe、高Al、Ca、碱、Ti,富集Rb、Ba、Sr、K,亏损Th、Nb、Ta的特征。岩石的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0. 70313～0. 70461,εNd(t)=+6. 22～+8. 64,(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=17. 68～18. 103,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=15. 443～15. 536,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=37. 423～37. 801,表现出高Nd、低Sr、低Pb,且变化范围较窄的特征。综合研究表明,该地区镁铁质岩体的岩浆动力学背景为后碰撞伸展环境;岩浆源区为俯冲板片交代的岩石圈地幔,并被软流圈物质混染;同位素和微量元素模拟显示母岩浆在源区遭受了5%～15%的板片流体交代,在上升过程中遭受了5%的上地壳物质混染。卡拉塔格地区镁铁质岩体与东天山二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁质岩体和吐哈盆地玄武岩形成于同一构造岩浆系统,在剥蚀较浅的大南湖岛弧带具有形成铜镍硫化物矿床的潜力。     

Petrogenesis of picrites from the Caribbean Plateau and the North Atlantic magmatic province

We studied the petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of picrites from three different regions: the island of Curaçao which forms part of a Cretaceous oceanic plateau; Iceland, an active hot spot on the mid-Atlantic ridge; and the early Tertiary volcanic margin off the coast of Greenland, which formed during the rifting that created the Atlantic ocean. Using the compositions of olivine phenocrysts and relations between MgO and FeO, Al₂O₃ and Ni, we estimated compositions of parental liquids and the proportion of accumulated olivine in each rock. Picrites from Curaçao formed mainly from a liquid with 12 wt.% MgO and they contain up to 55 wt.% excess olivine in the form of phenocrysts. A small proportion of more forsterite-rich olivine grains are xenocrysts from a more magnesian source. Picrites from Iceland formed from a slightly less magnesian liquid but one with also about 12 wt.% MgO and they contain both olivine and plagioclase in the accumulated assemblage. Picrites from the Greenland volcanic margin formed from a liquid that was distinctly more magnesian, with up to 20 wt.% MgO. In some of these rocks the proportion of accumulated olivine was minimal and in these the whole-rock composition is roughly equivalent to the liquid composition. The picrites from the three areas formed under different conditions and through contrasting melting processes. The Curaçao picrites derive from pooled liquids formed through moderate degrees of melting at moderate depths beneath a relatively old and thick oceanic lithosphere. Iceland picrites, on the other hand, formed through advanced fractional melting of mantle that ascended almost to the base of the crust at the mid-ocean spreading center. An unusual combination of relatively high concentrations of incompatible trace elements and high MgO indicates that the Greenland picrites formed by relatively low degrees of melting at greater depths in the mantle.     

Mixing of asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle-derived basalt magmas as shown by along-arc variation in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of Early Miocene basalts from back-arc margin of the NE Japan arc

We report trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of Early Miocene (22–18 Ma) basaltic rocks distributed along the back-arc margin of the NE Japan arc over 500 km. These rocks are divided into higher TiO₂ (> 1.5 wt.%; referred to as HT) and lower TiO₂ (< 1.5 wt.%; LT) basalts. HT basalt has higher Na₂O + K₂O, HFSE and LREE, Zr/Y, and La/Yb compared to LT basalt. Both suite rocks show a wide range in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (SrI) = 0.70389 to 0.70631, initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd(NdI) = 0.51248 to 0.51285). There is no any systematic variation amongst the studied Early Miocene basaltic rocks in terms of Sr–Nd isotope or Na₂O + K₂O and K₂O abundances, across three volcanic zones from the eastern through transitional to western volcanic zone, but we can identify gradual increases in SrI and decreases in NdI from north to south along the back-arc margin of the NE Japan arc. Based on high field strength element, REE, and Sr–Nd isotope data, Early Miocene basaltic rocks of the NE Japan back-arc margin represent mixing of the asthenospheric mantle-derived basalt magma with two types of basaltic magmas, HT and LT basaltic magmas, derived by different degrees of partial melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle composed of garnet-absent lherzolite, with a gradual decrease in the proportion of asthenospheric mantle-derived magma from north to south. These mantle events might have occurred in association with rifting of the Eurasian continental arc during the pre-opening stage of the Japan Sea.     

Synplutonic mafic dykes from late Archaean granitoids in the Eastern Dharwar Craton,southern India

We present a first overview of the synplutonic mafic dykes (mafic injections) from the 2.56–2.52 Ga calcalkaline to potassic plutons in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). The host plutons comprise voluminous intrusive facies (dark grey clinopyroxene-amphibole rich monzodiorite and quartz monzonite, pinkish grey porphyritic monzogranite and grey granodiorite) located in the central part of individual pluton, whilst subordinate anatectic facies (light grey and pink granite) confined to the periphery. The enclaves found in the plutons include highly angular screens of xenoliths of the basement, rounded to pillowed mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) and most spectacular synplutonic mafic dykes. The similar textures of MME and adjoining synplutonic mafic dykes together with their spatial association and occasional transition of MME to dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes imply a genetic link between them. The synplutonic dykes occur in varying dimension ranging from a few centimeter width upto 200 meters width and are generally dismembered or disrupted and rarely continuous. Necking of dyke along its length and back veining of more leucocratic variant of the host is common feature. They show lobate as well as sharp contacts with chilled margins suggesting their injection during different stages of crystallization of host plutons in magma chamber. Local interaction, mixing and mingling processes are documented in all the studied crustal corridors in the EDC. The observed mixing, mingling, partial hybridization, MME and emplacement of synplutonic mafic dykes can be explained by four stage processes: (1) Mafic magma injected during very early stage of crystallization of host felsic magma, mixing of mafic and felsic host magma results in hybridization with occasional MME; (2) Mafic magma introduced slightly later, the viscosities of two magmas may be different and permit only mingling where by each component retain their identity; (3) When mafic magma injected into crystallizing granitic host magma with significant crystal content, the mafic magma is channeled into early fractures and form dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes and (4) Mafic injections enter into largely crystallized (>80% crystals) granitic host results in continuous dykes with sharp contacts. The origin of mafic magmas may be related to development of fractures to mantle depth during crystallization of host magmas which results in the decompression melting of mantle source. The resultant hot mafic melts with low viscosity rise rapidly into the crystallizing host magma chamber where they interact depending upon the crystallinity and viscosity of the host. These hot mafic injections locally cause reversal of crystallization of the felsic host and induce melting and resultant melts in turn penetrate the crystallizing mafic body as back veining. Field chronology indicates injection of mafic magmas is synchronous with emplacement of anatectic melts and slightly predates the 2.5 Ga metamorphic event which affected the whole Archaean crust. The injection of mafic magmas into the crystallizing host plutons forms the terminal Archaean magmatic event and spatially associated with reworking and cratonization of Archaean crust in the EDC.     

Origin of chemically distinct granites in a composite intrusion in east-central Sweden: geochemical and geothermal constraints

A few tens of millions of years after the intrusion of the Early Svecofennian (1.87–1.85 Ma) granitoids in central Sweden, a renewed magmatic activity resulted in the emplacement of the Late Svecofennian granites, the tectonic setting of which remains obscure. S-type granites dominate this group, but both I-type and transitional granites are common. This study deals with one of these intrusions in east-central Sweden; a composite pluton that is insignificantly deformed and hosts both I- and S-type granites. One of the I-type granites shows a compositional trend from granodiorite to granite, which is uncommon among the Late Svecofennian granites. Major element and incompatible trace element compositions and _Nd data show that two different sources, one igneous and one sedimentary, were involved. An important conclusion is that nearly coeval granites derived from different sources are found in close connection. The granites are suggested to have formed by partial melting in a thickened continental crust that was formed in an early stage of the Svecofennian event. Thermal models suggest that the slightly older, high-temperature I-type granite (granodiorite) was formed deeper in the crust than the S-type granite. The coexistence of essentially pure I- and S-type granites, rather than transitional mixtures, reflects the relative depths of the proposed sources and the varying thermal parameters of the lithologic units in the Svecofennian crust.     

新疆喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群的岩石成因研究

喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群位于准噶尔板块北缘,由13个小岩体组成。主要岩石类型为方辉橄榄岩、橄榄苏长岩、辉长苏长岩、辉长岩、淡色辉长岩、辉长闪长岩等。主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、普通辉石、紫苏辉石、斜长石和数量较多的褐色普通角闪石、黑云母等。主量元素分属钙碱性系列、岛弧拉斑玄武岩系列和具有MORB属性的拉斑玄武岩系列。大多数样品具有高LREE/HREE比值、富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti）。ε_Nd(t)=＋6.2~＋8.2,4件样品的ε_Sr(t)=-0.6~-36.3,另有1件样品为+36.5;(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) _i=17.784~18.008,(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) _i=15.400~15.555,(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) _i=36.973~37.560。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb、Os、O、S同位素体系证明,岩浆仅在局部遭受了同化混染作用。原生岩浆为高镁的拉斑玄武岩浆（MgO=11.6%）。岩浆在上侵和运移过程中经历了以单斜辉石为主的暗色矿物的广泛分离结晶作用和斜长石的凝聚,导致了淡色辉长岩的广泛分布和超镁铁岩的严重缺失。岩浆源区由被消减板片交代的地幔楔物质和软流圈地幔物质组成,因而富集不相容元素和水,并因交代作用与岩浆生成的时差短,而保持放射成因同位素的亏损状态。在岩石圈根部拆沉和软流圈地幔上涌过程中生成了喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群。