1891–1883 Ma Southern Bastar–Cuddapah mafic igneous events, India: A newly recognized large igneous province

A newly recognized remnant of a Paleoproterozoic Large Igneous Province has been identified in the southern Bastar craton and nearby Cuddapah basin from the adjacent Dharwar craton, India. High precision U–Pb dates of 1891.1 ± 0.9 Ma (baddeleyite) and 1883.0 ± 1.4 Ma (baddeleyite and zircon) for two SE-trending mafic dykes from the BD2 dyke swarm, southern Bastar craton, and 1885.4 ± 3.1 Ma (baddeleyite) for a mafic sill from the Cuddapah basin, indicate the existence of 1891–1883 Ma mafic magmatism that spans an area of at least 90,000 km² in the south Indian shield.This record of 1.9 Ga mafic/ultramafic magmatism associated with concomitant intracontinental rifting and basin development preserved along much of the south-eastern margin of the south Indian shield is a widespread geologic phenomenon on Earth. Similar periods of intraplate mafic/ultramafic magmatism occur along the margin of the Superior craton in North America (1.88 Ga Molson large igneous province) and in southern Africa along the northern margin of the Kaapvaal craton (1.88–1.87 Ga dolerite sills intruding the Waterberg Group). Existing paleomagnetic data for the Molson and Waterberg 1.88 Ga large igneous provinces indicate that the Superior and Kalahari cratons were at similar paleolatitudes at 1.88 Ga but a paleocontinental reconstruction at this time involving these cratons is impeded by the lack of a robust geological pin such as a Limpopo-like 2.0 Ga deformation zone in the Superior Province. The widespread occurrence of 1.88 Ga intraplate and plate margin mafic magmatism and basin development in numerous Archean cratons worldwide likely reflects a period of global-scale mantle upwelling or enhanced mantle plume activity at this time.     

Geochronology of Pliocene volcanism in the Dzhavakheti Highland (the Lesser Caucasus). Part 2: Eastern part of the Dzhavakheti Highland. Regional geological correlation

The results of isotopic-geochronological study of the Pliocene volcanic rocks in reference sections and volcanic edifices of eastern part of the Dzhavakheti Highland (the northwestern Lesser Caucasus) are considered. The isotopic-geochronological data obtained here are correlated with data on western part of the Dzhavakheti Highland, which have been considered in previous part of this work. Based on correlation, time spans of principal volcanic events of the Pliocene in the study region as a whole are determined, and general trends of the young magmatism evolution within the region are established. In sum, the isotopic-geochronological dates evidence that the Pliocene magmatism of the Dzhavakheti Highland developed practically without essential breaks during the period of about 2 Ma long, from 3.75 to 1.75–1.55 Ma ago. The areal basic volcanism that was most widespread at that time is divisible into five discrete phases according to the isotopic dates obtained. Comparatively short pauses, which separated these phases of magmatic activity, were a few hundreds thousand years long, not more. Chemical composition of moderately acidic to silicic volcanics, which are of a limited distribution in the Dzhavakheti Highland, and their age relations with basic lavas of the region suggest that they are most likely the differentiation products of parental basic mantle-derived magmas. The analyzed distribution of volcanic centers, which erupted basic lavas of the Dzhavakheti Highland, evidence that first two phases of basic magmatism were connected here with volcanic activity in southwestern part of the region (northern termination of the Egnakhag Ridge), whereas activity of volcanoes situated on the east, predominantly in water-shed part and on slopes of the submeridional Dzhavakheti Ridge, controlled development of the third and fourth phases. Consequently, magmatic activity of the Pliocene stage in history of the Neogene-Quaternary magmatism of the Dzhavakheti Highland laterally migrated from the west to the east, being controlled by development of regional submeridional extension zones. Volcanic ridges marking the latter are formed by volcanic edifices, which are amalgamated at their bases and have erupted lavas of close age and composition. The migration of volcanic activity can be described in terms of the “domino effect,” when cessation of volcanism in one zone led to formation of the other submeridional zone of extension and magmatic activity displaced from the west eastward in sublatitudinal direction. In general, evolution of the Pliocene magmatism of the Dzhavakheti Highland, was similar, despite the essential regional peculiarities, to the generalized trend of magmatism evolution in the continental rifts and intraplate zones of the “hot-spot” type.     

Igneous banding, schlieren and mafic enclaves in calc-alkaline granites: The Budduso pluton (Sardinia)

This study deals with the origin of igneous layering in plutons, and, especially, the extent layering is related to mafic–silicic magma interactions. The Budduso pluton (Sardinia) shows three main scales of organization.(i) Large scale lithological variations correspond to three main magmatic units, with differentiation increasing from the Outer (hornblende-bearing biotite granodiorite/monzogranite) to the Middle (biotite monzogranite) and the Inner (leucomonzogranite) units. The striking homogeneity of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratios (0.7090 ± 4) and ε_Nd(t) values (− 5.6 ± 0.1) strongly suggests that magma isotopic equilibration was achieved prior to emplacement, whereas mixing/mingling structures observed within the pluton reflect second-stage processes involving broadly cogenetic components.(ii) Metre to decametre-scale igneous layering may be isomodal or modally-graded, locally with cross-layering. Biotite and plagioclase compositions are similar in both biotite-rich and quartzofeldspathic layers, as are the trace-element patterns which differ only by relative abundances. This precludes an origin by fractional crystallization. A penetrative submagmatic fabric superimposed on the layering and corresponding mainly to flattening can be ascribed to interference between pluton growth and regional deformation.(iii) Composite layering and schlieren are commonly associated to mafic microgranular enclaves, locally within synmagmatic shear zones or disrupted synplutonic dykes. In that case, there is a progressive shift in biotite X_Fe values from the core of enclave ( 0.65) to the host monzogranite ( 0.72): schlieren in the monzogranite show biotite X_Fe values similar to that of the host rock, whereas schlieren close to mafic enclaves show lower X_Fe values ( 0.69) towards those of enclave rims.These features can be ascribed to three main processes: (i) assembly of differentiated (± mixed/mingled) magmatic pulses; (ii) local hydrodynamic sorting related to density currents in a mush, and segregation of residual melt; (iii) mechanical disruption and chemical hybridization of mafic magmas during ascent or within the pluton related to magma dynamics. None of these processes affect the whole pluton but they are limited to specific magmatic units. Therefore, pluton growth by incremental assembly of magma batches is not incompatible with magma chamber processes.     

The Source System of Mesozoic Magmatism in Middle and Lower Yangtze Valleys and Adjacent Areas—A Geochemical Tracer Study

The mechanism that controls regional mineralization must be governed by a series of geochemical reactions in relation to the source system of magmatism.In this respect,the geological bodies must have been overprinted by various kinds of tracers in terms of either chemical elements or isotopes.For this reason,the problem may be better approached by treating the lithosphere as a whole with due considerations given to the various tracer elements and isotopes and the various media of the magmatism(magmatic as well as sedimentary rocks).Presented in this paper are the results of this attempt based on a great wealth of available data concerning the source system of Mesozoic magmatism in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Valleys and adjacent areas.     

Microgranitoid enclave swarms in granitic plutons, central Sierra Nevada, California

Microgranitoid enclaves are common in granitic plutons worldwide, occurring individually and in homogeneous or heterogeneous swarms. Three plutons in the central Sierra Nevada batholith contain swarms with mostly heterogeneous suites of enclaves in the intermediate composition range, and occur in a number of two-dimensional shapes, specifically as dikes, small rafts, lenses, pipe/vortices and large massive shapes. Swarms are characterized by various features, including the nature of their boundary with the host, their planar or non-planar character, internal geometry, density of enclave packing, presence or absence of schlieren and crystal aggregates, and axial ratios and degree of preferred alignment of enclaves. We propose that heterogeneous enclave swarms form by one, or some combination of, the following mechanisms: (1) velocity-gradient sorting parallel or normal to the flow, (2) gravitational sorting or (3) break-up of heterogeneous dikes. Common sites where enclave swarms form include pluton margins or internal viscosity walls, within fractures, and near the pluton roof.     

陕西商县秦王山镁铁质岩体的特征及成因

秦王山镁铁质岩体是一在动荡的造山环境里形成的同构造异地岩块。岩体的普通铅模式年龄为407±3Ma,锶同位素初始比为0.7045,δ~(18)O=7.92,稀土配分式样为比球粒陨石富集的右倾型。岩石是在T=939℃,P=2.5×10~8Pa下结晶的。     

广东省龙川县天堂山锡多金属矿床成岩成矿时代及其地质意义

天堂山锡多金属矿床位于广东省龙川县,是近年发现的一处以锡为主的中型多金属矿床。矿床大地构造位置位于南岭成矿带的东段,河源深断裂带与大东山—浰源—罗浮东西向深断裂带交汇处附近,中生代大长沙火山岩盆地中南部边缘。矿区出露地层为侏罗系上统高基坪群中亚群下段的中酸性火山岩。矿区内的火山角砾岩受北北东向断裂控制,隐爆角砾岩在矿区中东部地表有出露,钻孔中也有分布,厚度一般几米,角砾成分主要为火山岩,胶结物主要由硅质、绢云母和同成分火山岩碎屑组成,岩石具较强的绿泥石化,地表的隐爆角砾岩中无矿化;矿区火山熔岩—火山碎屑岩在剖面上具多次喷溢—喷出—间歇—喷溢（伴随局部隐爆）—喷出的火山韵律特征。矿区内断裂构造发育,受区域应力场控制,主要有北东—北北东向F1和F2断层、近南北—北北西向断裂带二组。矿区内侵入岩不发育,仅于中部偏西和南东部出露石英斑岩脉,钻探工程揭露表明矿床深部存在隐伏花岗岩体,其顶部为石英斑岩,并且石英斑岩多发生强烈的气液蚀变。     

华北克拉通南缘下汤地区古元古代构造热事件——地球化学特征、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘鲁山县下汤地区早前寒武纪变质基底岩石的地球化学、锆石定年和Hf同位素组成。上太华岩群两个变质沉积岩样品的变质锆石年龄为1.91~1.93 Ga,由于变质作用强烈改造,碎屑锆石真正的形成年龄难以确定。碎屑锆石ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DMW(CC))(Hf)分别为-0.26~10.41和2244~2958 Ma。一个变质辉长闪长岩样品的捕获锆石年龄为2.32 Ga,变质锆石年龄为1.93 Ga。捕获锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-1.79~2.22和2695~2940 Ma。两个片麻状奥长花岗岩样品的岩浆锆石和变质锆石年龄分别为1.93 Ga和1.92 Ga,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-3.30~1.30和2481~2764 Ma。一个片麻状正长花岗岩样品的岩浆锆石和变质锆石年龄分别为1.93 Ga和1.92 Ga,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-3.67~2.40和2415~2788 Ma。结合地球化学和前人研究结果,可得出如下结论:(1)上太华岩群形成时代形成于古元古代早期;(2)进一步支持了该区存在约2.3 Ga岩浆作用的认识;(3)发现广泛分布的1.91~1.93 Ga壳源奥长花岗岩和正长花岗岩;(4)确定1.91~1.94 Ga变质作用在该区广泛发育。     

板块俯冲对岩浆作用影响的同位素地球化学示踪研究

同位素已成为俯冲带岩浆作用研究中灵敏的地球化学示踪剂,是约束岩浆运移过程和时间尺度的有力工具。综述了近几十年来利用Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素、Li和B同位素以及Be和短周期铀系同位素等方法,在俯冲带岩浆作用过程、时间尺度、岩浆源区物质特征、岩浆形成演化及控制机制等方面取得的进展和成果。最后指出将不同同位素研究应用于弧后盆地岩浆作用的研究中,必将为全球俯冲带岩浆作用研究带来突破性的进展和成果。     

1:25万郴州幅区域地质调查主要进展及成果

通过地面地质调查、样品分析测试以及前人资料收集利用,全面查明了区内地层、岩浆岩和构造发育特征,系统总结了区内矿产资源概况和成矿地质条件。针对有关区域地质问题进行了深入研究,取得以下主要进展及成果:确定了南华系—寒武系中砂岩的主量元素和微量元素特征,反映其形成于被动大陆边缘环境;确定了中三叠世后期印支运动表现为NWW—SEE向区域挤压下的陆内俯冲造山,提出了印支运动中NW向基底隐伏断裂的左行走滑导致部分地区构造线走向偏转,炎陵—汝城一带发育的印支期隔槽式褶皱形成于基底(厚皮式)横向收缩与压扁作用;确定了中生代印支期、燕山早期和燕山晚期3阶段花岗岩的时限分别为233~210 Ma、174~135 Ma、130~85 Ma,形成构造环境分别为后碰撞、后造山和陆内裂谷;通过热年代学分析揭示了湘东南地区中、新生代山体隆升过程;厘定出湘东南及湘粤赣边区中生代构造发展框架;分析表明构造体制差异可能是造成湘东南燕山早期花岗岩成矿能力强于印支期花岗岩的关键原因,燕山早期钨锡多金属和铅锌多金属2类矿床组合的形成可能主要与岩石圈结构和深部热扰动强度有关。