Early Paleozoic lithospheric extension law,dynamic mechanism,origin of mafic dykes in Ziyang,South Qinling Block,ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

南秦岭地块紫阳地区广泛出露早古生代基性岩墙群,其研究具有重要的地球动力学意义。虽然如此,已有相关研究目前主要集中于志留纪基性岩墙群方面,而对早古生代(如,寒武纪、奥陶纪)基性岩墙群的研究仍相对薄弱。从而制约了对南秦岭早古生代岩石圈伸展过程相关问题(如,时空分布规律、地幔性质、动力学机制和相关成矿作用)的总体把握。鉴于尚存的科学问题,本研究选取康家坪、梨树梁、大竹坪、清明寨、苟家山、庙梁上、曾家山和毛坝村的基性岩墙群为研究对象,开展了矿物学、岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素方面的研究,对其精细时代格局、成因及成岩动力学背景进行了系统探讨。研究结果显示,紫阳早古生代基性岩墙以辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩为主,形成时代为奥陶纪(478.8-486Ma),属碱性系列岩石(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O变化范围为4.10%-5.14%)。另外,基性岩墙群具有富集LREE、Rb、Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Eu(Eu/Eu*=1.13-1.35),亏损HREE、U、Pb和Ti的典型地球化学特征。(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7044-0.7050、εNd(t)=3.1-3.6、εHf(t)=4.4-12.1,176Hf/177Hf=0.282634-0.282846,暗示基性岩墙为地幔柱作用过程亏损岩石圈或软流圈地幔部分熔融作用的产物。另外,在辉绿岩成岩过程经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶,但地壳混染的影响不明显。     

Chronological and geochemical studies of the Middle Neoproterozoic mafic rock and turbidite in the Dahongshan orogenic belt on the northern margin of the Yangtze Block: Implications for the evolution of the back-arc basinSCIEI北大核心CSCD

扬子北缘~820Ma可能记录了从挤压环境向伸展环境的重要转换,是解决扬子新元古代演化争议的关键时间节点。本研究在扬子北缘大洪山造山带圆潭地区识别出一套基性岩和浊积岩组合。其中基性岩全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为845Ma±81Ma(MSWD=1.5),浊积岩碎屑锆石年龄谱包括四个主要峰值年龄(~835Ma、~1597Ma、~2002Ma、~2482Ma)和两个次要峰值年龄(~2680Ma、~2934Ma),综合前人研究成果将浊积岩的形成时代约束在835~820Ma。浊积岩与花山群的形成时代一致,应代表花山群的北向延伸。浊积岩的物源来自扬子北缘桐柏-大别地区,不同于前人对花山群的分析结果,指示花山群可能具有多个物源。以上地层碎屑锆石年龄谱和地层层序特征与弧后盆地相似。本研究基性岩样品具有低的SiO_(2)(45.41%~50.29%)、K 2O(0.03%~1.49%),高的TiO_(2)(1.42%~3.03%),和低的U/Th(0.15~0.29)、Th/Zr(0.003~0.011)和Nb/Y(0.059~0.147)以及正的εNd(t)(+1.18~+1.57),类似N-MORB地球化学特征。基性岩来自于软流圈,经历<3%部分熔融而生成,并在上升过程中受到了一定程度的地壳混染。综合以上分析,本文认为这些基性岩和浊积岩共同构成一套弧后背景环境岩石组合。     

华北南缘古元古代末岩墙群侵位的磁组构证据

华北克拉通南缘的中条山及邻区广泛发育元古宙放射状基性岩墙群,与五台山-恒山和大同地区的北北西向基性岩墙群以及熊耳中条拗拉谷的火山岩在时空分布和地球化学方面均具有密切的相关性。中条山及邻区放射状基性岩墙群的宏观和微观流动构造(包括捕虏体、冲痕构造、矿物线理和定向斑晶)指示岩墙群以一定的仰角向北西侵位。通过该区岩墙群磁化率各向异性(AMS)测量得到磁组构的最大磁化率长轴优势方位分布图和磁组构各向异性特征分析进一步指示华北南缘古元古代末岩墙群从熊耳中条拗拉谷的底部向北西侵位。岩墙群的流动构造和磁组构的统计成果夯实了华北克拉通古元古代末基性岩墙群与熊耳中条拗拉谷的成生联系。     

Proterozoic mafic magmatism in Siberian craton: An overview and implications for paleocontinental reconstruction

We present a summary of late Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the Siberian craton, including recently published U–Pb and ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dates. These new precise ages suggest that at least some of the previously published K–Ar ages of Siberian mafic bodies should be ignored. The time–space geochronological chart, or the ‘barcode’ of mafic magmatic events shows significant differences between northern and southern Siberia. Both are characterized by ∼1900–1700 Ma magmatic events, but then there was an almost 1 Ga mafic magmatic ‘pause’ in south Siberia until ∼800 Ma. Meanwhile there are indications of multiple mafic magmatic events in North Siberia (Anabar shield and Olenek uplift) between ∼1600 and 1000 Ma. A series of magmatic events probably related to the breakup of Rodinia occurred in southern Siberia after ∼800 Ma. So far, there are no indications of late Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in North Siberia. Ca. 1000–950 Ma mafic sills were reported from Meso- to Neo-Proterozoic sedimentary successions in the Sette-Daban area on the east side of the Siberian craton, but their tectonic setting is debated. Recent Ar–Ar dates of ∼1750 Ma for NW-trending dykes in the Aldan and Anabar shields, together with similar-age NNE-trending Baikal uplift dykes in south-eastern Siberia suggest the existence of a giant radial dyke swarm possibly related to a mantle plume centred in the Vilyui River area.     

青藏东缘六合—香多镁铁质深源包体的平衡 P-T条件及其指示意义

依据青藏东缘六合-香多镁铁质深源包体中石榴石、辉石、角闪石和斜长石的矿物电子探针成分,采用Grt Cpx温度计（T EG79、T P85、T K88、和 T R2000）、Grt Hbl温度计（T GP84和 T RV2000）和Hbl Pl温度计（T BH90）以及角闪石Al压力计（P Al in Hb l）估算了包体的平衡温压条件。结果表明,石榴透辉岩、石榴斜长角闪岩、石榴角闪岩、斜长角闪岩和角闪石岩包体的平衡温压分别是770～920℃和 0．83～1．50GPa（相当于27～50km深）、730～950℃和 0．85～1．04GPa（相当于28～34km深）、 720～900℃和 0．74～1．32GPa（相当于24～44km深）、512～753℃和 0．71～0．98GPa（相当于23～32km深）以及 0．60～0．84GPa（相当于20～28km深）。前 3类包体主要来自下地壳,平衡温压较高（720～950℃、0．74～1．50GPa）;后 2类包体主要来自中地壳,平衡温压较低（510～735℃、0．60～0．98GPa）。包体的平衡温压条件还暗示了高钾岩浆起源的最小深度在50km以上。     

Record of Early Tonian mafic magmatism in the central Espinhaço (Brazil): New insights for break-up of the Neoproterozoic landmass ancestor of São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent

Petrological characterization, U–Pb geochronology, Lu–Hf analyses and major and trace element data from mafic intrusions in the Central Espinhaço (central portion of the Brazilian shield) are used here to investigate the geological significance of the Early Neoproterozoic magmatism in the context of the São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent. These mafic bodies are represented by medium to coarse-grained metagabbros with plagioclase, amphibole and clinopyroxene. Zircon U–Pb isotopic data from two samples yielded weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 895 ​± ​3.4 ​Ma (MSWD ​= ​1.7) and 896 ​± ​2.4 ​Ma (MSWD ​= ​0.64), regarded as the best estimates for the crystallization age of these mafic rocks. Major and trace element data (including REEs) show that the gabbros originated from a subalkaline tholeiitic magma, typical of intraplate magmatism. Such rocks are slightly enriched in LREEs and LILEs and depleted in HFSEs. Our new isotope and geochemical data, along with regional knowledge, indicate that these metagabbros mark the beginning of an important Tonian-age extensional tectonic event of the landmass of which the São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent was part (Rodinia supercontinent or Central African block?). We furthermore suggest that these rocks belong to a prominent suite of Tonian-age mafic rocks that mark a diachronic breakup attempt of this landmass which may have occurred from south to north along the Espinhaço mountain range.     

西藏拉萨地块北部晚白垩世晚期基性岩墙的成因:来自锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学的制约

拉萨地块北部阿索地区新发现的晚白垩世晚期基性岩墙对于讨论班公湖-怒江洋盆闭合后的碰撞过程具有重要研究意义。本文报道了阿索地区目思基性岩墙的全岩地球化学组成和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄。研究表明,目思基性岩墙中一组最年轻锆石的U-Pb加权平均年龄为74Ma。岩墙内的辉绿玢岩SiO2含量介于51.90%~53.55%之间,MgO含量介于3.98%~4.97%之间,Mg^#为50.0~57.5,低Cr(51.30×10^-6~79.48×10^-6)和Ni(55.94×10^-6~74.17×10^-6)含量。岩墙具有轻稀土元素富集的特征,明显的负Eu异常。在微量元素方面,富集Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素富集,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,并具有Pb的正异常。La/Sm-Sm/Yb投图结果显示基性岩墙来自于尖晶石+石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区1%~5%的部分熔融,并在演化过程中发生了橄榄石、单斜辉石及斜长石的结晶分异,同时在岩浆上升过程中受到地壳混染。结合区域地质背景,拉萨地块与羌塘地块碰撞后下地壳增厚并发生榴辉岩化,导致拆沉作用。目思基性岩墙的锆石U-Pb年龄表明拆沉作用持续到晚白垩世晚期。     

宁镇地区成矿斑岩与铁镁质包体铜同位素研究

长江中下游地区成矿斑岩的成因及铜矿中铜的来源一直受到争议。寻找斑岩铜矿中铜的来源归根结底是限定其寄主岩的成因。本文拟通过测定宁镇地区一系列中生代岩体的成矿斑岩及其铁镁质包体的Cu同位素组成,来探究成矿斑岩中Cu的来源。测定结果显示,安基山闪长斑岩δ65Cu值为-0.13‰~+0.36‰;其辉长岩包体δ65Cu的值为+0.14‰~+0.19‰。铜山成矿斑岩δ65Cu值为+0.03‰~+0.36‰;其辉长岩包体δ65Cu的值为+0.10‰~+0.20‰。象山花岗闪长岩δ65Cu为+0.20‰±0.06‰;其辉长岩包体δ65Cu为+0.16‰±0.06‰。三个岩体成矿斑岩δ65Cu值为-0.13‰~+0.36‰,变化范围较大;而辉长岩包体δ65Cu值均在+0.1‰~+0.2‰之间,平均δ65Cu为+0.15‰±0.05‰,与地幔δ65Cu值(+0.07‰±0.10‰)吻合。结合前人对研究区成矿斑岩高Mg O、Mg#值,低放射性成因Pb同位素组成,以及古老下地壳来源的岩石具有较大的Cu同位素组成变化的认识,我们认为宁镇地区成矿斑岩及成矿物质主要为幔源岩浆和古老下地壳部分熔融岩浆混合成因。     

The Paleoproterozoic North Hebei Orogen: North China craton's collisional suture with the Columbia supercontinent

Understanding the geologic history and position of the North China craton in the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent has proven elusive. Paleoproterozoic orogenic episodes (2.00–1.85 Ga) are temporally associated with ultimate stabilization of the North China craton (NCC), followed by the development of extensive craton-wide rift systems at 1.85–1.80 Ga. The age difference between the sedimentary cover and the metamorphic basement is up to 500–700 Ma, suggesting that uplift and doming of cratonic basement occurred in the latest Paleoproterozoic. Mafic dike swarms (1.80–1.77 Ga) and anorogenic magmatism (1.80–1.70 Ga) record the extensional breakup and dispersal of the North China craton during this stage. The late Paleoproterozoic tectonic framework and geological events documented provide important constraints for reconstruction of the NCC within the Late Paleoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia.An east-west striking thousand kilometer long belt of khondalites (granulite facies metapelites) stretches along the northern margin of the North China craton, on the cratonward side of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt. This granulite belt includes Mg–Al (sapphirine bearing) granulites that reached ultrahigh-temperature “peak” metamorphic conditions of  1000 °C at 10 kbars at 1927 ± 11 Ma. Following peak ultrahigh-temperature conditions, the rocks underwent initial isobaric cooling and subsequent isothermal decompression, and these trajectories are interpreted to be part of an overall anti-clockwise P-T evolution indicating that the northern margin of the craton experienced continental collision at 1.93–1.92 Ga. The position of the khondalite belt south of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt makes it analogous to Tibet, a continental collision-related plateau characterized by double crustal thicknesses and granulite facies metamorphism at depth. We suggest that the tectonic evolution of the NCC during this period was closely related to the assembly and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent, and that the NCC was adjacent to the Baltic and Amazonian cratons in the period 2.00–1.70 Ga. Craton-wide extension occurred within 100–150 Ma of collision along the northern margin of the craton at 1.93–1.92 Ga. It is concluded that mantle upwellings are chiefly responsible for the breakup of the NCC from the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent.     

Field evidence,mineral chemical and geochemical constraints on mafic-felsic magma interactions in a vertically zoned magma chamber from the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex of Eastern India

The Nimchak granite pluton (NGP) of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC), Eastern India, provides ample evidence of magma interaction in a plutonic regime for the first time in this part of the Indian shield. A number of outcrop level magmatic structures reported from many mafic-felsic mixing and mingling zones worldwide, such as synplutonic dykes, mafic magmatic enclaves and hybrid rocks extensively occur in our study domain. From field observations it appears that the Nimchak pluton was a vertically zoned magma chamber that was intruded by a number of mafic dykes during the whole crystallization history of the magma chamber leading to magma mixing and mingling scenario. The lower part of the pluton is occupied by coarse-grained granodiorite (64.84–66.61?wt.% SiO₂), while the upper part is occupied by fine-grained granite (69.80–70.57?wt.% SiO₂). Field relationships along with textural and geochemical signatures of the pluton suggest that it is a well-exposed felsic magma chamber that was zoned due to fractional crystallization. The intruding mafic magma interacted differently with the upper and lower granitoids. The lower granodiorite is characterized by mafic feeder dykes and larger mafic magmatic enclaves, whereas the enclaves occurring in the upper granite are comparatively smaller and the feeder dykes could not be traced here, except two late-stage mafic dykes. The mafic enclaves occurring in the upper granite show higher degrees of hybridization with respect to those occurring in the lower granite. Furthermore, enclaves are widely distributed in the upper granite, whereas enclaves in the lower granite occur adjacent to the main feeder dykes.Geochemical signatures confirm that the intermediate rocks occurring in the Nimchak pluton are mixing products formed due to the mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. A number of important physical properties of magmas like temperature, viscosity, glass transition temperature and fragility have been used in magma mixing models to evaluate the process of magma mixing. A geodynamic model of pluton construction and evolution is presented that shows episodic replenishments of mafic magma into the crystallizing felsic magma chamber from below. Data are consistent with a model whereby mafic magma ponded at the crust-mantle boundary and melted the overlying crust to form felsic (granitic) magma. The mafic magma episodically rose, injected and interacted with an overlying felsic magma chamber that was undergoing fractional crystallization forming hybrid intermediate rocks. The intrusion of mafic magma continued after complete solidification of the magma chamber as indicated by the presence of two late-stage mafic dykes.