Ferric chloride treatment to control alakli induced heave in weathered red earth

A detailed experimental investigation has been carried out to study the use of ferric chloride salt to control the undesirable volume changes induced by high concentrated alkali contamination on kaolinitic red earth. X-Ray diffraction studies have revealed that soil alkali interactions produce mineralogical changes and formation of new mineral such as zeolite, which are responsible for observed swelling in non-swelling kaolinitic soil. Loss of ferric oxide, which are known cementing agents has been attributed as one of the reasons for swelling in alkali contaminated soils. The consolidation behaviour of soil compacted with 5% ferric chloride solution by weight of solutions and inundated with alkali solutions as well as soil compacted with alkali and inundated with 5% ferric chloride by weight of solutions has been studied. To study the effect of amount of ferric chloride, the volume change behaviour of soil compacted with different weight percentages of ferric salts by weight of soil (1%, 3%, and 5%) and inundated with alkali solutions has also been studied. The swelling of soil compacted with alkali has been checked by inundating with 5% ferric chloride solutions due to neutralization of alkali and is not controlled when soil compacted with 5% ferric chloride solutions is inundated continuously with alkali solutions. Further, even when the soil is treated with higher amounts of ferric chloride, in the range of 1–5% by weight of soil, the swelling is not controlled. X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the formation of zeolite is not inhibited in the presence of ferric salts.This study clearly shows that ferric chloride treatment can overcome the effects of small concentrations of alkali; it is ineffective to overcome the large and continued exposure of soils with alkali contamination.     

岩石密度测量在黑龙江伊春地区花岗岩体就位机制研究中的应用

通过对伊春地区花岗岩体的密度特征的研究,认为该区晚奥陶世花岗岩体的侵位以构造扩展机制为主,气球膨胀作用为辅,最后发生了顶蚀作用.晚石炭世花岗岩是以强力旋转上升定位的气球膨胀作用机制为主,构造扩展机制为辅.晚三叠世-早侏罗世二长、正长花岗岩体就位过程中构造扩展机制起主导作用,岩浆底辟作用也较强;早侏罗世碱性花岗岩体岩浆就位过程中以强力的气球膨胀作用为主,构造扩展机制为辅.     

膨胀岩的时效性在深基坑支护工程的应用

鉴于膨胀岩物理力学特性及其工程特性的研究,结合深基坑支护工程使用时间短的自身特点,寻找膨胀岩抗剪强度衰变期与基坑支护工程使用安全期之间的关系,提出如何利用这种时差效应,为工程带来更多经济效益的设计取值方法。以南宁市昌泰东盟园深基坑支护工程为例,通过不同时期的勘察取样以及采取的不同试验方法分析,进一步佐证膨胀岩时效性在深基坑支护工程设计施工中的应用价值。     

Nonlinear Creep and Swelling Behavior of Bentonite Mixed with Different Sand Contents Under Oedometric Condition

Due to the viscous nature, especially the swelling property, bentonite is selected as buffer and backfill material for marine radioactive waste disposal. This article presents experimental results from one-dimensional oedometric compression tests with multi-stage loading and unloading/reloading on specimens of bentonite mixed with different sand contents. The sand contents are 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, respectively, in terms of the dry mass of sand over the dry mass of the mixture. Influences of sand contents on time-dependent stress-strain behavior of the bentonite-sand mixture under 1-D straining are examined with special attention to the nonlinear creep and swelling behavior. It is found that the bentonite-sand mixtures exhibit distinct nonlinear creep and swelling behavior that cannot be neglected. Moreover, a nonlinear creep function proposed by Yin (1999 Yin , J.-H. 1999 . Non-linear creep of soils in oedometer tests . Geotechnique 49 ( 5 ): 699 – 707 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) for Hong Kong Marine Deposits has been modified to describe the nonlinear creep behavior of the bentonite-sand mixture.     

物元可拓模型对内蒙古地区膨胀土判别的应用

近年来的工程实践发现,内蒙古地区自东到西均有膨胀土分布,如何正确认识并分析膨胀土的膨胀性以及正确对膨胀土进行分类,具有重要的意义。然而,仅仅运用单一指标的规范分类法对膨胀土进行简单的分类则显得比较单一。本文运用可拓理论对内蒙古地区膨胀土胀缩等级进行了分析,并且将预测结果与规范法进行了对比,对比结果表明,该方法对内蒙古地区膨胀土判别与分类有较好的适用性。这也说明物元可拓理论是一种比较科学的分类方法,它克服了规范等单一因子分类的不足,具有较好的实用性与可行性。     

基于湿度应力场理论的膨胀岩弹塑性本构关系

由于含水率的变化使膨胀岩的弹性模量、泊松比和屈服极限等力学性能都将发生变化,从而引起膨胀应力、塑性流动和随湿度场而变化的屈服准则等都相互耦合在一起,因此,提出了基于湿度应力场理论的膨胀岩的弹塑性本构模型,并运用参变量变分原理建立了处理这一类问题的数值变分原理及其相应的有限元形式。     

基于WebGIS的农业决策支持系统及其应用

在农业资源信息共享的基础上 ,分析了农业宏观决策支持系统的必要性和重要意义 ,建立了一个基于Web GIS的农业宏观决策支持系统原型 ,并通过实例说明了其可行性。     

A coupled compressible flow and geomechanics model for dynamic fracture aperture during carbon sequestration in coal

This paper presents the development of a discrete fracture model of fully coupled compressible fluid flow, adsorption and geomechanics to investigate the dynamic behaviour of fractures in coal. The model is applied in the study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration and differs from the dual porosity model developed in our previous work, with fractures now represented explicitly using lower-dimensional interface elements. The model consists of the fracture-matrix fluid transport model, the matrix deformation model and the stress-strain model for fracture deformation. A sequential implicit numerical method based on Galerkin finite element is employed to numerically solve the coupled governing equations, and verification is completed using published solutions as benchmarks. To explore the dynamic behaviour of fractures for understanding the process of carbon sequestration in coal, the model is used to investigate the effects of gas injection pressure and composition, adsorption and matrix permeability on the dynamic behaviour of fractures. The numerical results indicate that injecting nonadsorbing gas causes a monotonic increase in fracture aperture; however, the evolution of fracture aperture due to gas adsorption is complex due to the swelling-induced transition from local swelling to macro swelling. The change of fracture aperture is mainly controlled by the normal stress acting on the fracture surface. The fracture aperture initially increases for smaller matrix permeability and then declines after reaching a maximum value. When the local swelling becomes global, fracture aperture starts to rebound. However, when the matrix permeability is larger, the fracture aperture decreases before recovering to a higher value and remaining constant. Gas mixtures containing more carbon dioxide lead to larger closure of fracture aperture compared with those containing more nitrogen.     

考虑膨胀应力和剪胀的深埋隧道弹塑性解

基于湿度应力场理论,推导了考虑膨胀应力和剪胀特性的圆形隧道开挖后围岩力学响应的弹塑性解。将隧道软弱围岩遇水膨胀现象视为湿度-应力耦合过程,基于Fick第二定律,推导了圆形隧洞围岩内湿度扩散非稳态解。采用非关联流动法则,获得了隧道高膨胀势区的应力和位移解答。以两种不同质量岩体开挖的隧洞为例,分析了膨胀围岩应力和变形的影响因素。结果表明,考虑膨胀应力（取决于围岩含水率变化和湿度膨胀系数）时,塑性区扩大,松动圈厚度增加,应力收敛变慢。当膨胀应力增大到一定程度时,塑性区将出现拉应力区。膨胀岩隧洞开挖遇水作用,膨胀应力增加的围岩变形远大于地应力引起的围岩变形。同时,应力剪胀对膨胀性围岩的变形影响不容忽视,尤其是在支护抗力较小的情况下,洞壁处径向位移增加显著。     

温度及pH敏感性羟乙基甲壳素水凝胶的合成及其性能研究

为得到应用性能好的医用材料 ,用氯乙醇对甲壳素进行醚化改性 ,得到水溶性甲壳素衍生物———羟乙基甲壳素(Hydroxyethylchitin ,HECH) ,用丙三醇三缩水甘油醚 (PTGE)对羟乙基甲壳素进行交联 ,得到了新型的水凝胶。考察了不同交联度的水凝胶的 pH和温度敏感性 ,发现该水凝胶是pH敏感性水凝胶 ,在 pH <6.98的缓冲溶液中 ,凝胶的溶胀度随着 pH的下降而迅速增大 ,在 pH =1.0 0的缓冲溶液中 ,凝胶的溶胀度达到了最大值 ;在去离子水中凝胶的溶胀度随着温度的升高而增大 ,是“热胀型凝胶”。