Chondritic osmium isotopic composition of Archean ophiolitic mantle, North China craton

Podiform chromitites are diagnostic but rare features of Phanerozoic ophiolites, and often contain the most pristine textural, chemical and isotopic record of convective upper mantle conditions extant during ophiolite genesis. Ophiolitic podiform chromitites, owing to their high Os concentrations and low Re/Os ratios provide the best evidence for the Os-isotopic evolution of oceanic mantle, but established records of ophiolitic chromites from bona fide Archean ophiolites are still lacking. We report Re–Os isotopic compositions of the world's oldest known ophiolitic podiform chromites from the 2.5 billion year old Dongwanzi–Zunhua ophiolite, North China. This provides the oldest Os isotope composition for the convective upper mantle yet obtained from ophiolitic podiform chromitites, and reveals a chondritic Os isotopic composition of the Archean convective upper mantle.     

Palaeomagnetism of Palaeozoic ultrabasic rocks from the Sudetes Mts (SW Poland): tectonic implications

A complex palaeomagnetic, rock-magnetic and mineralogical study of ultrabasic rocks from the Sowie Góry Block (GSB) and Jordanów–Gogołów Serpentinite Massif (JGSM) revealed the presence of several components of natural remanent magnetization (NRM). The authors found three groups of Palaeozoic as well as Triassic and Recent components of the geomagnetic field. The Palaeozoic components of NRM are carried mainly by magnetite of several generations formed during several serpentinization episodes. Permo-Carboniferous component (A1) present overall the Sudetes was isolated in one JGSM and two GSB exposures, whereas the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous component (A2) was found in two exposures from the GSB. The corresponding remanent components were already revealed in palaeontologically dated sediments from other West Sudetic units. In the GSB, it was probably acquired during its unroofing dated isotopically for ca. 370–360 Ma. The newly determined group of Palaeozoic directions (A3) was found in three localities from JGSM and in two from GSB is interpreted as the oldest overprint. In JGSM, it was acquired probably shortly after the first oceanic serpentinization phase dated isotopically for ca. 400 Ma. Its acquisition in GSB corresponds to the time of emplacement of ultrabasic xenoliths dated isotopically at ca. 390 Ma. So we suppose that the mean A3 calculated for five exposures corresponds to the 380–400 Ma time span and that at that period both massifs formed one microplate. Mean inclination of A3 places this microplate at 380–400 Ma at the palaeolatitude of 23°S, whereas the West Sudetes were situated during the Early Devonian at 16°S. We suggest that during the Early Devonian the microplate comprising GSB and JGSM massifs was situated to the south from the West Sudetes and accreted them during Middle–Late Devonian.     

Titanium,Ti, A New Mineral Species from Luobusha,Tibet, China

We describe the new mineral species titanium,ideally Ti,found in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusha ophiolite in Tibet,People’s Republic of China.The irregular crystals range from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter and form an intergrowth with coesite and kyanite.Titanium is silver grey in colour,the luster is metallic,it is opaque,the streak is grayish black,and it is non-fluorescent.The mineral is malleable,has a rough to hackly fracture and has no apparent cleavage.The estimated Mohs hardness is 4,and the calculated density is 4.503 g/cm3.The composition is Ti 99.23-100.00 wt%.The mineral is hexagonal,space group P63 /mmc.Unit-cell parameters are a 2.950(2),c 4.686(1),V 35.32(5) 3,Z = 2.The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in(hkl)(I/I0)] are: 2.569(010)(32),2.254(011)(100),1.730(012)(16),1.478(110)(21),and 0.9464(121)(8).The species and name were approved by the CNMNC(IMA 2010–044).     

新疆西准噶尔北部谢米斯台山南坡蛇绿岩带 的发现及其意义

新疆西准噶尔和什托洛盖谷地以北,沿谢米斯台山南坡出露一套蛇绿混杂岩(查干陶勒盖蛇绿岩),岩石组合自下而上包括蛇纹石化橄榄岩、变质辉长岩、玄武岩、细碧岩及伴生的硅质岩、同源火山碎屑岩等,基质为蛇纹石化橄榄岩和绿片岩相变质玄武岩。蛇绿岩中辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为517Ma±3Ma和519Ma±3Ma,代表了蛇绿岩的形成年龄。蛇绿岩中不同组分(橄榄岩、辉长岩和细碧岩)的稀土元素和微量元素特征,以及细碧岩的Nb/Yb-Th/Yb图解均显示该蛇绿岩为洋中脊(MOR)型。查干陶勒盖蛇绿岩与西准噶尔北部的塔尔巴哈台(库吉拜)蛇绿岩、洪古勒楞蛇绿岩,邻区东哈克斯坦北部的扎乌尔-塔金蛇绿岩和巴尔克别克蛇绿岩可以很好地进行对比连接,为成吉斯-塔尔巴哈台构造带在西准境内的时空特征提供更多的约束。     

东天山大草滩蛇纹岩中铬铁矿特征及其构造意义

东天山大草滩蛇纹岩中发育副矿物铬铁矿,部分铬铁矿具环带结构,核部为铝铬铁矿,富Al贫Fe,Cr2O3为39.27%~42.65%,Al2O3为24.58%~26.21%,Ti O2含量很低(0.20%),Fe O为12.18%~18.14%,而Fe2O3含量为0.33%~7.30%,Cr#为50.6~53.5,Mg#为53.3~68.2,Fe2+#为31.8~46.7。核部铝铬铁矿结晶温度平均约为1 385℃,结晶压力平均为2.77 GPa,推断其形成深度约为86 km,相当于软流圈位置;相对于FMQ缓冲剂的地幔氧逸度为FMQ-4.38~FMQ+0.63 log单位,平均值为FMQ-1.15 log单位;地幔熔融程度F为21.04%~21.28%。推测大草滩蛇纹岩的原岩橄榄岩单元源区为石榴石二辉橄榄岩,形成于亏损的软流圈地幔,可能产自俯冲带环境中的岛弧环境。大草滩铬铁矿的环带结构特征表明其经历了温度由高到低、氧逸度由低到高的过程,反映了大草滩蛇纹岩由最初的高温高压地幔环境被推覆到地壳,随后经历了低温低压的浅程度区域变质作用。     

新疆西准噶尔北部和布克赛尔蛇绿混杂岩的厘定及其洋盆闭合时代限定

本文通过详细野外地质勘查,识别出新疆西准噶尔北部和布克赛尔蛇绿混杂岩中三种不同类型的岩石组合,即:由变质橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩墙、玄武岩和硅质岩组成的典型蛇绿岩单元;主要由洋岛玄武岩组成的大洋岛屿单元,在野外见与硅质岩、硅质泥岩和灰岩相伴产出;由变流纹岩组成的后碰撞期火山岩单元。蛇绿岩中的辉长岩和辉绿岩无明显Eu异常;(La/Yb)N值介于0.54~3.18之间,REE配分型式呈现微弱的轻稀土亏损或富集,兼具E-MORB和N-MORB的特征。洋岛玄武岩具有高的Al_2O_3(13.66%~15.83%)、TiO_2(2.62%~3.15%)和Na_2O+K_2O(5.71%~7%),稀土元素含量高,显示明显的右倾模式,高场强元素Ti、Zr相对富集。变流纹岩具有高硅和钾,极低的MgO,MnO和CaO,不相容元素(K,Rb,Th,U,Pb)强烈富集,Sr,P,Ti显著亏损,Nb和Ta相对弱亏损的特点,形成于造山后伸展环境,其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为435±2Ma。变流纹岩底垫贯穿或底垫侵入于蛇绿岩不同的单元组分中(橄榄岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩等),说明和布克赛尔蛇绿岩所代表的洋盆在早志留世晚期之前已经闭合。     

Geochemical and zircon U–Pb age constraints on the origin of the Mesozoic Xigaze ophiolite,Yarlung Zangbo suture zone,SW China

The Mesozoic Xigaze ophiolite is a key to understanding the tectonic evolution of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Although many studies have been reported, the formation age and petrogenesis of the Xigaze ophiolite remain controversial. In this paper, new geochronological and geochemical data for mafic dikes (diabase, dolerite), lavas, and gabbros of the Xigaze ophiolite are provided to constrain the origin of the Xigaze ophiolite. Combined with previous studies, three new zircon U–Pb ages of samples from two gabbro and one dolerite samples show that the Xigaze ophiolite was produced at two distinct stages of 174–149 Ma and 137–123 Ma. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that these rocks exhibit N-MORB-like features, but the gabbros are more depleted in trace elements and belong to cumulates. Geochemical characters, combined with their positive ε_Nd(t) values (+3.2 to +9.6), suggest that these samples originated from depleted mantle sources with minor influence of slab-derived fluids. Considering the previous studies on the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, the Xigaze ophiolite was likely generated in an active continental margin fore-arc basin with a multistage model associated with the northward subduction of the Yarlung Zangbo Neo-Tethys Ocean beneath the Lhasa terrane. The Middle–Late Jurassic ophiolitic massifs (174–149 Ma) were produced as the result of slab rollback and were followed by subsequent slab break-off at ~ 150 Ma. The fore-arc lithosphere may be frozen at ~150–137 Ma, consistent with the termination of the Gangdese arc magmatism during this period. The Early Cretaceous ophiolitic massifs (137–123 Ma) were developed in relation to the reinitiation of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere subduction, the retreat of the subduction zone, and the creation of a fore-arc basin with strong hyperextension in a new cycle.     

Cambrian (~510 Ma) ophiolites of the East Kunlun orogen,China: A case study from the Acite ophiolitic tectonic mélange

The Acite ophiolitic mélange represents a remnant of the Proto-Tethys forearc oceanic lithosphere. Two gabbros yield zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 510-512 Ma. The magmatic rocks are divided into three subtypes: (1) Mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) -like forearc basalts (FABs), (2) Low-titanium tholeiitic gabbros (LTGs), and (3) Normal calc-alkaline dacites (CADs). The FABs have comparatively higher TiO₂ concentrations (1.13–1.42 wt%) and show almost flat REE patterns. In the NMORB normalized trace element patterns, the FABs display flat distributions of high field strength element (HFSE). The ε_Nd(t) values of FABs range from +4.0 to +4.8. These features are similar to the composition of Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc basalts (FABs). LTGs are characterized by higher contents of MgO (8.85–9.95 wt%) and lower concentration of TiO₂(0.29–0.50 wt%). They show LREE-depleted patterns, however having comparatively lower total REE contents than those of FABs. The ε_Nd(t) values of LTGs range from +7.4 to +8.4. These features show that LTG magmas originated from a progressively depleted mantle source. In contrast, the CADs having higher SiO₂ contents (63.58–70.92 wt%) have higher total REE contents. In the NMORB normalized trace element patterns, CADs are characterized by enrichment of LILEs and depletion of HFSEs. CADs have negative ε_Nd(t) values ranging from -9.8 to -10.5, which are likely suggestive of a crust-derived source. The rock association of FABs and LTGs, together with tectonic discrimination plots and regional data, suggest a forearc setting above the SSZ for Acite ophiolitic mélange.     

昆仑山世界地质公园哈萨山蛇绿岩地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

哈萨山蛇绿岩位于东昆中缝合带中部,为昆仑山世界地质公园三大核心地质遗迹之一,蛇绿岩出露较为完整,通过对蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年研究,获得年龄值为438.5±2.6 Ma,表明蛇绿岩形成于早志留世。岩石地球化学研究显示,蛇纹岩的原岩为橄榄岩类,蛇纹岩的稀土元素总量较低,呈右倾斜的配分曲线;辉长岩显示轻稀土较重稀土富集,具有不同程度的Eu负异常,配分曲线较为平缓,略呈右倾型;玄武岩具有轻稀土较重稀土富集的特征,具有明显的Eu负异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素,高场强元素呈平坦型,Nb、P轻微亏损,各样品配分曲线大致平行于E-MORB谱线,显示为同源岩浆,主要表现为E-MORB特征,并具有洋中脊向洋岛过渡的特征,其形成的构造环境应属初始小洋盆,可能为原特提斯洋洋壳残迹,形成于洋陆转换早期。     

大洋板块地层(OPS)简介及评述

大洋板块地层(Ocean Plate Stratigraphy)是由日本地质学家Isozaki在1990年首先提出来的,基本含义是大洋板块在从洋中脊到海沟俯冲带的运动过程中形成的一套构造-沉积地层。近年来,关于大洋板块地层的研究取得了长足的进展,丰富了大洋板块地层的内涵。本文着重介绍大洋板块地层的基本概念、物质组成、形成环境及构造特征。在此基础上,对大洋板块地层在区域地质矿产调查中的作用进行了讨论,建议在造山带地质研究中采用"俯冲增生杂岩"取代"大洋板块地层"。因为在成因上,地层并不等同于杂岩。