Tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys in the western segment of Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone: insights from geochemistry and Geochronology of the Lagkor Tso ophiolite

The subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang Meso-Tethys and the collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks were important events in the growth of the Tibetan crust. However,the timing of collision initiation and closure timing,as well as nature and structure of the Bangonghu ocean basin,are still poorly constrained. The Lagkor Tso ophiolite,located in the south of Gerze County,Tibet,is one of the most completed ophiolites preserved in the southern side of the BangonghuNujiang suture zone. This study discussed the tectonic evolution of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone as revealed by the Lagkor Tso ophiolite investigated by field investigations,petrology,geochemistry,geochronology and tectonic analysis methods. We present new LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb and 39Ar/40 Ar ages for the Lagkor Tso ophiolite,in addition to geochemical and platinum-group element(PGE) data presented for the Lagkor Tso ophiolite in Tibet. It is suggested that the ancient Lagkor Tso oceanic basin split in Middle Jurassic(161.2 ± 2.7 Ma – 165.4 ± 3.5 Ma),and experienced a second tectonic emplacement during the Early Cretaceous(137.90 ± 6.39 Ma). The Lagkor Tso ophiolite likely developed in an independent suture zone. The Bangonghu-Nujiang ocean subducted southwards,and the dehydration of the subducting oceanic crust materials caused partial melting of the continental mantle wedge,which formed the second-order expanding center of the obduction dish. This led to inter-arc expansion,followed by the formation of inter-arc and back-arc basins with island arc features,which are represented by ophiolites around the Shiquanhe-Lagkor Tso-Yongzhu region. The tectonic environment presently can be considered to be similar to that of the current Western Pacific,in which a large number of island arc-ocean basin systems are developed.     

铬同位素体系及其在铬铁矿成矿过程中的应用

近年来铬(Cr)同位素体系在示踪地幔部分熔融、岩浆结晶分异及俯冲带流体相关的地质过程中均取得了重要进展。本文通过实例研究综述了Cr同位素在铬铁矿成矿作用方向的主要进展,包括:(1) Stillwater层状岩体橄榄岩带和K?z?ldaˇg蛇绿岩壳幔过渡带内铬铁矿及共生硅酸盐矿物的Cr同位素研究,揭示了层状/似层状铬铁矿成矿过程中可能发生明显的Cr同位素分馏,且主要受结晶分异和岩浆补给过程控制;(2) K?z?lda?蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿床的Cr同位素研究,证明了俯冲带地幔橄榄岩中尖晶石的部分熔融,可能是豆荚状铬铁矿床主要的成矿物质来源之一,同时俯冲带流体也可能直接参与成矿;(3)层状岩体及蛇绿岩中普遍存在矿物间的Cr同位素不平衡分馏现象,不仅可用以记录岩浆作用的冷却时间,同时也证明了铬铁矿成矿过程中释放的流体对矿物间的元素交换具有明显促进作用。     

托莫尔日特蛇绿混杂岩带地质特征及其构造意义

托莫尔日特蛇绿混杂岩带是柴北缘早古生代蛇绿混杂岩带东段的重要组成部分,亦是整个柴北缘地区各蛇绿混杂单元组合、出露较为齐全的地段之一,其中放射虫硅质岩在蛇绿混杂岩带中首次发现。托莫尔日特蛇绿混杂岩岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学等特征表明,其具有大洋中脊向岛弧蛇绿岩过渡的特点。     

西昆仑造山带东端新C-2013-198航磁异常处含钴镍矿化超镁铁质岩的发现及其找矿意义

新C-2013-198号航磁异常位于西昆仑造山带东端黄羊滩地区,苏巴什构造结合带南侧。三级查证工作表明,该异常对应地质体为含钴镍矿化超镁铁质岩,由辉橄岩和辉石岩组成。其中辉橄岩Ni含量分布在0.15%～0.32%,Co 0.012%～0.016%,Ni平均品位0.21%,Co 0.014%;辉石岩Ni含量为0.10%～0.19%,Co 0.007%～0.010%,Ni平均品位0.14%,Co 0.008%。含钴镍矿化仅赋存于超镁铁质岩石中,具明显岩浆控矿特征。赋矿超镁铁质岩与伴生辉长岩、斜长花岗岩构成蛇绿岩岩石组合,为西昆仑造山带苏巴什蛇绿岩的一部分。综合分析认为,含钴镍矿化成矿类型为与蛇绿岩有关的岩浆硫化物矿床,具煎茶岭式镍矿成矿特征。推断新疆南部西昆仑地区具有寻找煎茶岭式镍矿的找矿前景。     

The role of structural inheritance in continental break-up and exhumation of Alpine Tethyan mantle(Canavese Zone,Western Alps)

The Canavese Zone(CZ)in the Western Alps represents the remnant of the distal passive margin of the Adria microplate,which was stretched and thinned during the Jurassic opening of the Alpine Tethys.Through detailed geological mapping,stratigraphic and structural analyses,we document that the continental break-up of Pangea and tectonic dismemberment of the Adria distal margin,up to mantle rocks exhumation and oceanization,did not simply result from the syn-rift Jurassic extension but was strongly favored by older structu ral inheritances(the Proto-Canavese Shear Zone),which controlled earlier lithospheric weakness.Our findings allowed to redefine in detail(i)the tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Variscan metamorphic basement and the Late Carbonife rous to Early Cretaceous CZ succession,(ii)the role played by inherited Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic structures and(iii)the significance of the CZ in the geodynamic evolution of the Alpine Tethys.The large amount of extensional displacement and crustal thinning occurred during different pulses of Late Carbonife rous-Early Triassic strike-slip tectonics is wellconsistent with the role played by long-lived regional-scale wrench faults(e.g.,the East-Variscan Shear Zone),suggesting a re-discussion of models of mantle exhumation driven by low-angle detachment faults as unique efficient mechanism in stretching and thinning continental crust.     

基于航磁资料的中国蛇绿岩带研究

通过六十多年的积累,我国已经基本完成了中国陆域的航磁覆盖,为区域地质构造研究提供了详实的地球物理资料。航磁异常主要反映了岩石圈中磁性物质的分布情况,尤其是构造 岩浆活动能够产生明显的磁异常,为隐伏岩浆岩的预测研究奠定了基础。镁铁—超镁铁质岩通常具有较强的磁性,可以通过航磁异常进行识别。本文基于全国1100万航磁数据及其岩性 构造解释结果,阐述了通过航磁异常识别镁铁—超镁铁质岩的标志和圈定方法,分析了推断镁铁—超镁铁质岩与蛇绿岩带的关系。研究表明,蛇绿岩带通常都具有形态规则、宽度窄、异常幅值大的线性或串珠状磁异常特征,主要与蛇绿岩的保存情况密切相关。蛇绿岩带通常是不同板块的拼接带,呈现出区域磁异常边界的特征,代表不同陆块的基底性质的差异。但是,部分蛇绿岩带,如弧后盆地拉张等形成的蛇绿岩,因两侧地块基底性质相似,通常不具有分割区域磁场的特点。基于航磁推断镁铁—超镁铁质岩分布,在全国划分了22个蛇绿岩型镁铁—超镁铁质岩带,并对岩带的特征进行了详细描述。例如,雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带呈现出双磁异常带的特征,北带磁异常的规模较大、延伸长,推断深部存在镁铁—超镁铁质岩。南带磁异常规模较小,仅在日喀则地区连续分布,其余为串珠状磁异常,且不具有分割区域磁场的特点。通过磁异常三维反演,构建了雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的深部结构模型。本文旨在通过磁异常的定性和定量分析,为蛇绿岩带(缝合带)的研究提供更多的信息,尤其是隐伏蛇绿岩,以指导铬铁矿找矿。目前航磁测量以中小比例尺为主,对于蛇绿岩带研究及铬铁矿找矿勘查是不足的,精细的分析和深部结构建模需要15万或更大比例尺航磁数据。     

THE ROCK ASSOCIATION IN JINSHAJIANG MELANGE BELT

THE ROCK ASSOCIATION IN JINSHAJIANG MELANGE BELT     

东秦岭二郎坪群蛇绿岩中的火山成因硫化物矿床

东秦岭二郎坪群蛇绿岩中广泛发育火山成因块状硫化物矿床。火山演化从早期到中晚期分别形成铁矿层、火山成因块状硫化物矿床和黄铁矿化层。矿床具有层控性及距火山喷发中心带距离不同而控制的分带性规律,还有厚层基性熔岩形成铁矿、酸性火山岩赋存铜—锌型或铅—锌—铜型矿的岩性成矿专属性。矿床中伴有不同规模的金银矿化。     

秦岭—大别勉略结合带蛇绿岩及其大地构造意义

秦岭—大别勉略结合带乃是秦岭—大别造山带的组成部分和中国大陆最后拼合的主要具体结合带之一,该带是一个复杂的、包括不同成因岩块的蛇绿构造混杂带。带内蛇绿岩主要出露在南秦岭略阳—勉县—五里坝一带以及大别山南缘随县—京山一带。带内超基性岩类主要为方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,稀土特征为轻稀土亏损,铕富集型;辉绿岩均为轻稀土富集型。变质火山岩可区分为3种类型：一为轻稀土亏损的洋脊拉斑玄武岩,Ti/V、Th/Ta、Th/Yb、Ta/Yb值表明其为MORB型玄武岩,代表本区消失了的洋壳岩石;第二类为初始洋壳型变质玄武岩,以黑沟峡和大别南缘周家湾岩片为代表;第三类为岛弧火山岩组合。这表明勉略洋盆在晚古生代—早中生代曾经历过一个较     

南天山榆树沟麻粒岩地体的尖晶石研究

新疆榆树沟麻粒岩地体中发育两类尖晶石：一类见于中、基性麻粒岩体中,其化学成分富 Ａｌ 贫 Ｃｒ ,属铝尖晶石,镜下为深绿色,呈半自形至他形粒状,与其它变质矿物共生,表现为麻粒岩相的新生变质矿物;另一类发育在空间上与麻粒岩体紧密相邻的超镁铁质岩体中,为铬尖晶石,镜下为深褐红色,呈不规则粒状分布于橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石之间,为麻粒岩相变质过程中稳定的残余矿物。后者属于 Ｄｉｃｋ 等人划分的 Ｉ 型尖晶石,它的存在说明超镁铁质岩体为大洋岩石圈地幔的组成部分。这两类尖晶石的特征一方面说明该地体遭受了麻粒岩相的变质作用改造,另一方面也提供了榆树沟麻粒岩相蛇绿岩套属洋盆构造环境的直接矿物学证据。