Grid-cell Aerosol Direct Shortwave Radiative Forcing Calculated Using the SBDART Model with MODIS and AERONET Observations:An Application in Winter and Summer in Eastern China

Taking winter and summer in eastern China as an example application, a grid-cell method of aerosol direct radiative forcing(ADRF) calculation is examined using the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART) model with inputs from MODIS and AERONET observations and reanalysis data. Results show that there are significant seasonal and regional differences in climatological mean aerosol optical parameters and ADRF. Higher aerosol optical depth(AOD)occurs in summer and two prominent high aerosol loading centers are observed. Higher single scattering albedo(SSA) in summer is likely associated with the weak absorbing secondary aerosols. SSA is higher in North China during summer but higher in South China during winter. Aerosols induce negative forcing at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) and surface during both winter and summer, which may be responsible for the decrease in temperature and the increase in relative humidity.Values of ADRF at the surface are four times stronger than those at the TOA. Both AOD and ADRF present strong interannual variations; however, their amplitudes are larger in summer. Moreover, patterns and trends of ADRF do not always correspond well to those of AOD. Differences in the spatial distributions of ADRF between strong and weak monsoon years are captured effectively. Generally, the present results justify that to calculate grid-cell ADRF at a large scale using the SBDART model with observational aerosol optical properties and reanalysis data is an effective approach.     

华东地区气溶胶分布和变化特征研究

利用中分辨率光谱仪(MODIS)获得的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子比例(FMF)和臭氧检测仪(OMI)获得的气溶胶指数(AI)统计分析了2005—2014年我国华东地区气溶胶光学性质的时空分布特征,同时利用潜在源分析(PSCF)模型对我国华东地区AOD和AI的潜在源区进行分析。研究结果表明:华东地区的AOD、FMF和AI时空分布存在较大的差异,2005—2014年AOD和AI的平均值高值主要分布在华东地区北部,FMF的高值区则分布在华东南部地区;10 a间华东地区AOD呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,FMF波动幅度不明显,AI值有所上升;整个华东地区AOD的季节变化较为明显,春夏两季AOD明显高于秋冬两季。华东北部和中部地区夏季由于较高的相对湿度,AOD最大可达0.8以上。而在华东南部地区,夏季受到降水的影响,AOD维持在0.2~0.4之间。FMF季节变化趋势与AOD不同,夏季最大达到0.58,春季最小仅为0.26。AI平均值在冬季最大高达0.63,夏季最小,为0.27。PSCF分析显示华东地区AOD主要源区以局地排放为主,同时也存在由河南、湖北和湖南等周边省市近距离输送影响;AI以局地和北方远距离输送为主,同时也受到河南、湖北等周边省市近距离输送的影响。     

基于MODIS数据的长株潭地区城市热岛时空分析

基于MODIS影像,采用分裂窗算法反演的地表温度对长株潭地区城市热岛空间分布与季相变化特征、影响因子进行定量研究。结果表明,长株潭地区春季和夏季存在明显的城市热岛效应,而冬季和秋季城市热岛并不明显;地表覆盖类型对城市热岛的影响十分明显,长株潭地区春、夏、秋季植被绿地状况与城市热岛呈现明显负相关分布,其中以夏季最为明显,夏季地表温度与NDVI相关系数的平方R2达到0.8193,即植被覆盖对城市地表温度的影响显著。因此,城市植被的分布与季节变化影响着城市热岛的强度与时空分布,揭示出植被绿地对降低城市热岛效应具有重要的作用,大范围的绿地建设能有效降低城市热岛效应。     

内蒙古生态系统服务价值遥感测量

生态系统功能是地球生命系统的支持系统,为人类创造赖以生存的生态环境条件,有巨大的直接与间接经济价值。利用遥感技术,通过对生态系统类型、植被覆盖度和净第一性生产力的测量,建立生态系统服务价值遥感定量计算模型,结合前人的研究成果,对内蒙古生态系统服务价值进行定量的计算。     

基于MODIS数据的2000-2010年乌梁素海"黄苔"时空变化

利用2000-2010年每年5-9月MODIS数据根据比值算法提取乌梁素海湖区黄苔的面积和空间分布信息并进行统计分析,探求乌梁素海黄苔产生的时空分布规律及特征,从而为黄苔的预防和治理提供支持.结果表明:(1)黄苔面积变化的年际和月际特征方面,2000、2001、2005、2006、2008、2010年黄苔面积超过了多年平均值(24 km2).5—7月份黄苔面积较小,保持在20 km2左右;8月黄苔面积迅速增长(约28 km2),9月黄苔面积最大,达到40 km2左右.(2)黄苔发生频率方面,2001年黄苔的规模和频率最高,发生频率达到0.58;2005、2006、2010年次之,发生频率在0.25附近波动(多年年均黄苔暴发频率为0.19);其他年份黄苔的发生频率处于低于0.10的水平.黄苔发生规模较大、次数较多的月份集中在8、9月,发生频率分别达到0.27、0.52,超过多年月均黄苔暴发频率0.19;其他月份黄苔的发生频率处于低于0.10的水平.(3)黄苔出现的空间分布方面,西大滩为东大滩的北部至中部,以及乌梁素海南部明水区排干口附近的西部沿岸是黄苔出现频率较高的区域.(4)2个月前的日均温度、降雨和营养盐浓度及当月风速与黄苔的产生具有极显著相关性;营养盐含量(TN、TP)的空间分布与黄苔的空间分布表现出较好的相关性.乌梁素海黄苔面积的年际变化受人类活动特别是生态补水的影响明显.     

基于MODIS数据定量判识沙尘暴方法的对比研究

利用MODIS数据,结合具体实例,对比研究当前几种利用光谱特征定量判识沙尘暴的方法。从理论上剖析各方法的原理,分析其优劣,并提出一套新的算法的组合方式。研究结果表明,新的组合算法有不小的改进：①大大降低了单一算法在不同时间或地区图像中阈值取值不稳定的影响,减少了图像噪声造成的误判,增强了其通用性和稳定性;②明显减弱了太阳光、地表温度等条件的影响,准确排除沙漠对于判识的干扰;③简单实用,适合业务应用。     

MODIS影像的大气校正及在太湖蓝藻监测中的应用

MODIS 数据有免费、波段丰富、时间分辨率高等优点,是进行太湖蓝藻监测的重要数据源,由于MODIS传感器接收的是地物反射太阳辐射的信号,太阳辐射与地球大气的相互作用会引起传感器接收到的信号失真,为了提高利用MODIS数据监测太湖蓝藻的精度,必须对其进行大气校正.本文介绍了FIAASH大气校正模型的基本原理,并对2007年4月25日MODIS数据的前七个波段进行试验,对比分析了影像大气校正前后的NDVI值以检测大气校正的效果;分析表明,大气校正前后NDVI的变化趋势基本上相同,但大气校正后的NDVI动态范围更大,校正后NDVI的平均值和标准差增大,大气校正在一定程度上有效地降低了大气对遥感影像的影响,达到了增强信息的目的;最后,利用大气校正获取的地表真实反射率数据的第二波段与第一波段的比值,运用阈值法提取蓝藻信息,经试验当阈值为1.9时提取出来的蓝藻分布图基本上与实际相符.利用MODIS影像可以快速、及时地监测蓝藻爆发的位置及爆发程度.     

Remote detection of bare soil moisture using a surface-temperature-based soil evaporation transfer coefficient

An approach for estimating soil moisture is presented and tested by using surface-temperature-based soil evaporation transfer coefficient (h_a), a coefficient recently proposed through the equation h_a = (T_s − T_a)/(T_sd − T_a), where T_s, T_sd, and T_a are land surface temperature (LST), reference soil (dry soil without evaporation) surface temperature, and air temperature respectively. Our analysis and controllable experiment indicated that h_a closely related to soil moisture, and therefore, a relationship between field soil moisture and h_a could be developed for soil moisture estimation. Field experiments were carried out to test the relationship between h_a and soil moisture. Time series Aqua-MODIS images were acquired between 11 Sep. 2006 and 1 Nov. 2007. Then, MODIS derived h_a and simultaneous measured soil moisture for different soil depths were used to establish the relations between the two variables. Results showed that there was a logarithmic relationship between soil moisture and h_a (P < 0.01). These logarithmic models were further validated by introducing another ground-truth data gathered from 46 meteorological stations in Hebei Province. Good agreement was observed between the measured and estimated soil moisture with RMSE of 0.0374 cm³/cm³ and 0.0503 cm³/cm³ for surface energy balance method at two soil depths (10 cm and 20 cm), with RMSE of 0.0467 cm³/cm³ and 0.0581 cm³/cm³ for maximum temperature method at two soil depths. For vegetated surfaces, the ratio of h_a and NDVI suggested to be considered. The proposed approach has a great potential for soil moisture and drought evaluation by remote sensing.     

Study on the urban heat island effects and its relationship with surface biophysical characteristics using MODIS imageries

This study assesses surface urban heat island (UHI) and its associated surface physical characteristics using remote sensing approaches. TERRA/MODIS images acquired in 2005 in three different seasons were selected to generate land surface tem-perature and surface characteristics for the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area in China. The intensity of urban heat is-land effects and its seasonal variations were examined. The result showed that UHI effects were significant both in the summer and the spri...     

运用动态谐波回归模型对MODIS叶面积指数时间序列产品的分析与预测

运用动态谐波回归模型(Dynamic Harmonic Regression,DHR)对MODIS的长时间序列的LAI产品进行分析,可以从中分离出LAI随时间变化的多年趋势、季节变化及残差等主要成分,通过建立的模型实现LAI年间变化的短时预测。本文将所述DHR模型分析方法试用于遥感数据产品随时间变化的信息提取,对LAI年间变化的预测结果证明该方法用于遥感像元尺度LAI产品的时间序列分析与预测的效果良好。