40Ar/39Ar traverse — Grenville Front Tectonic Zone to Britt Domain,Grenville Province,Ontario, Canada*

Abstract ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data (on hornblende, muscovite and K-feldspar) are presented for samples from the western Grenville Province taken along a 140-km traverse from the Grenville Front into the Britt domain. Our interpretation is based on 28 new analyses, synthesized with 20 previously reported from the traverse area. In regions where comparisons are possible, muscovite and (large domain) K-feldspar apparent ages appear similar (at c. 920–930 Ma), but throughout the traverse, these are c. 60–70 Myr younger than the hornblende ages. The inferred cooling rate over the c. 350–500°C temperature range, c.2°C Myr^-1, is appropriate for exhumation controlled by post-orogenic erosional unroofing. At the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone (GFTZ) — Britt domain boundary there is a c. 25-Myr offset in both hornblende and muscovite/K-feldspar ages. We interpret the lower ages in the Britt domain to reflect variations in crustal thickness and geothermal gradient between the flank and interior of a thick orogen. The argon data from the GFTZ are interpreted in the context of an asymmetric crustal-scale antiformal structure developed during a late episode of convergence. Hornblende from rocks on either side of the core of the antiform has an apparent age of c. 990 Ma, our estimate of the age of the compressional event. In the west, we infer that these date the short-lived thermal event associated with the development of the crustal-scale antiform previously postulated. In the east, the ages reflect the cooling of material brought toward the surface in the flank of the antiform. Hornblendes from the antiform core appear to contain excess radiogenic argon. We suggest that this was the ambient argon in rocks transported from depth that was subsequently trapped when the rocks cooled rapidly.     

Role of fluids in the metamorphism of the Alpine Fault Zone,New Zealand

Models of fluid/rock interaction in and adjacent to the Alpine Fault in the Hokitika area, South Island, New Zealand, were investigated using hydrogen and other stable isotope studies, together with field and petrographic observations. All analysed samples from the study area have similar whole‐rock δD values (δD_WR = ?56 to ?30‰, average = ?45‰, n = 20), irrespective of rock type, degree of chloritization, location along the fault, or across‐strike distance from the fault in the garnet zone. The green, chlorite‐rich fault rocks, which probably formed from Australian Plate precursors, record nearly isothermal fluid/rock interaction with a schist‐derived metamorphic fluid at high temperatures near 450–500°C (δD of water in equilibrium with the green fault rocks (δD_{H2O, green}) ≈ ?18‰; δD of water in equilibrium with the greyschists and greyschist‐derived mylonites (δD_{H2O, grey}) ≈ ?19‰ at 500°C; δD_{H2O, green} ≈ ?17‰; δD_{H2O, grey} ≈ ?14‰ at 450°C). There is no indication of an influx of a meteoric or mantle‐derived fluid in the Alpine Fault Zone in the study area. The Alpine Fault Zone at the surface shows little evidence of late‐stage retrogression or veining, which might be attributed to down‐temperature fluid flow. It is probable that prograde metamorphism in the root zone of the Southern Alps releases metamorphic fluids that at some region rise vertically rather than following the trace of the Alpine Fault up to the surface, owing to the combined effects of the fault, the disturbed isotherms under the Southern Alps, and the brittle–ductile transition. Such fluids could mix with meteoric fluids to deposit quartz‐rich, possibly gold‐bearing veins in the region c. 5–10 km back from the fault trace. These results and interpretations are consistent with interpretations of magnetotelluric data obtained in the South Island GeopHysical Transects (SIGHT) programme.     

Bulk composition and mineral parageneses of sapphirine-bearing rocks along a gabbro-lherzolite contact at Finero, Ivrea Zone, N Italy

Sapphirine occurs in a 3-5 m wide zone between amphibole-lherzolite and garnetiferous metagabbro at Finero in the Ivrea Zone, NW Italian Alps. Layers consisting of plag + hb + sa + cpx + opx + sp + gt are interbanded with spinel pyroxenites, which may contain sapphirine replacing spinel. All minerals are very magnesian, with X_Mg between 0.78 and 0.92. Bulk rock analyses suggest that precursors to the sapphirine-bearing rocks were igneous cumulates of plagioclase + olivine + hornblende + spinel. Up to 16wt% CaO does not inhibit sapphirine formation and it is the unusually Mg-rich nature of the host rocks which allows sapphirine development. The early igneous assemblage was replaced by one of cpx + sa + hb +± plag at a pressure of 9 ± 1 kbar and temperatures of 900 ± 50°C. Subsequent rapid uplift caused the instability of gt, gt + hb, hb and sa + cpx to form opx + plag ± sp ± sa symplectites.     

Structural control of the Gagua "Wedge" Zone east of Taiwan Island on the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on compositive analysis and interpretation of the observed and historical data, the geophysical field characters and structural properties of the Gagua "Wedge" Zone of the sea area east of Taiwan Island and the primary tectonic stress direction and its variabilities of backarc spreading in the southern Okinawa Trough are studied. It is concluded from the study results that the Gagua "Wedge" Zone is structurally consistent with the Gagua ridge and two fault basins on both sides of the Gagua ridge, and adjusts the moving direction and distance of the western Philippine Sea plate to make the northwestward motion of the plate on its east side change to the northward subduction of the plate on its west side so that the primary tectonic stress direction of the Okinawa Trough changed from NW-SE to nearly N-S, which provided the stress source for the Okinawa Trough to enter the second spreading stage.     

临沧坝兔花岗岩破碎带石英脉型含银铅矿

矿床为双脉并行,产于两条与花岗岩破碎带相关的含银铅矿化带内。建立三个矿物生成阶段及与矿化有关的二个矿物组合,铅锌成矿应在岩浆期后中一低温热液阶段,硅化破碎花岗岩是主要赋矿岩石。     

The Avalon Zone: A Pan-African terrane in the Appalachian Orogen of Canada

The Precambrian sequences of the Avalon Zone in Canada (southeastern margin of the Appalachian Orogen) are interpreted as a Pan-African orogenic belt incorporated into the Appalachian Orogen during Palaeozoic times as its southeastern margin. The Precambrian evolution of the Avalon Zone was genetically unrelated to subsequent Palaeozoic evolution. The Avalon Zone shows marked similarities in age, tectonic history, and facies development to the Pan-African belts adjacent to the West African Craton. Precambrian evolution of the zone began with circa 800 Ma rifting of a sialic gneissic basement and deposition of a Middle Proterozoic(?) carbonate-clastic cover sequence. Early crustal rifting was associated with localized partial melting and metamorphism. Limited crustal separation led to the restricted development of circa 760 Ma oceanic volcanics. Continued rifting and subsequent closure of these narrow ocean basins led to the eruption of widespread subaerial volcanic suites, block faulting, granite plutonism, and local, late Proterozoic sedimentary basin formation. Precambrian evolution of the zone terminated with the Avalonian Orogeny (circa 650-600 Ma), a deformational event, the affects of which are most evident locally along the northwestern margin of the zone. The controlling features of the Proterozoic evolution of the Avalon Zone are a series of linear intracratonic troughs and small ocean basins that formed during thinning and separation of the crust by ductile spreading, rupture, and delamination (cf. Martin and Porada 1977). The variation in degree of crustal separation led to subsequent variation in orogenesis during late Proterozoic compression. The zone marks the original westward limit of Pan-African activity and displays no apparent genetic link with the Appalachian Orogen in Canada until Devonian times.     

内蒙古乌兰哈达-高勿素断裂的新活动证据及构造意义初探

近期在鄂尔多斯地块东北缘、蒙古高原南缘的乌兰哈达火山群附近发现一条长约100余公里的NW向断裂——乌兰哈达-高勿素断裂,并基于高分辨率卫星影像解译和野外地质调查对该断裂的新活动特征进行了初步研究。断裂活动的地貌证据包括线性展布的断层陡坎、断塞塘、断层槽谷以及位错冲沟、断头沟等。跨断裂冲沟的同步性左旋位错及广泛发育的反向陡坎(倾向NE)等指示断裂应为左旋走滑为主兼具由SW向NE逆冲的运动性质。乌兰哈达-高勿素断裂的构造位置及几何学、运动学特征指示其应归属于NW向左旋走滑的张家口-渤海断裂带,该断裂的左旋走滑运动应在调节其南、北两侧块体向E的差异运动中起着重要的作用。另一方面,鄂尔多斯地块东北缘的乌兰哈达-高勿素断裂及张家口断裂、洗马林断裂等NW向断裂所表现出的逆冲运动特征指示鄂尔多斯地块东北缘可能持续受到青藏高原东北缘对鄂尔多斯地块西南缘自晚中新世以来推挤作用远程效应的影响,这些伴有逆冲运动的NW向断裂应是鄂尔多斯地块东北缘地区响应青藏高原东北缘NE向生长和扩展的一种具体表现。乌兰哈达-高勿素断裂新活动证据的发现不仅完善了张家口-渤海断裂带的几何图像,也为认识和理解鄂尔多斯地块东北缘的构造变形和评价地震危险性提供了新约束。

     

太行山北段中新生代断层岩的显微构造研究

太行山北段是大兴安岭 -太行山 -武陵山构造带中段的典型构造区 ,区内 2条主断裂 (紫荆关断裂和乌龙沟断裂 )组成的断裂带发育中、新生代的碎裂岩系列断层岩。通过对断裂带内不同岩性原岩区的断层岩进行详细的显微构造研究 ,分析了 3种主要变形强度类型的断层岩 (碎裂化岩石或构造角砾岩、初碎裂岩、碎裂岩 )的区域分布、显微结构以及微观变形机制 ,鉴定出断层岩中的 3期构造变形叠加 ,结合区域资料探讨了区内中、新生代断层岩反映的 3期主要构造运动及其特征 ,显示出构造强度逐渐减弱的演化趋势     

全球增暖1.5℃和2.0℃下成渝经济区及周边地区极端温度事件的变化预估

极端温度事件不仅影响人类健康,而且易造成重大社会经济损失,是引起重大气候灾害的原因之一。对于易受气候变化影响的高敏感地区来说,确定区域气候对不同程度全球变暖的响应至关重要。本文基于区域气候降尺度试验-东亚区域（CORDEX-EAS）数据集,预估了1.5 ℃和2.0 ℃全球升温水平（Global Warming Levels,GWLs）下成渝经济区及周边地区极端温度的未来变化趋势。结果表明：成渝经济区及周边地区极端高温指数在两种升温水平下均呈现明显上升趋势,而极端低温指数呈现下降趋势。极端冷暖事件具有局部对称性特征,极端暖事件的变化幅度要大于极端冷事件的变化幅度。极端温度指数对两种升温水平的响应具有差异性,除气温日较差外,其他指数的变化幅度在2.0 ℃GWL下大于在1.5 ℃GWL下。此外,随着全球平均升温幅度的增大,未来极端温度事件的强度和发生频率也会相应提升,极端温度事件对额外0.5 ℃的GWL升温阈值具有高度敏感性。本文研究了1.5 ℃和2.0 ℃GWLs下成渝经济区及周边地区极端温度的未来演变,再次强调了将全球平均升温幅度限制在1.5 ℃以内的重要性。