Iron oxidation state in lower mantle mineral assemblages: II. Inclusions in diamonds from Kankan, Guinea

Inclusions of ferropericlase and former (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ perovskite in diamonds from Kankan, Guinea believed to originate in the lower mantle were studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy to determine Fe³⁺/ΣFe. Fe³⁺ concentration in the (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ inclusion is consistent with empirical relations relating Fe³⁺/ΣFe to Al concentration, supporting the inference that it crystallised in the perovskite structure at lower mantle conditions. In ferropericlase there is a nearly linear variation of trivalent cation abundance with monovalent cation abundance, suggesting a substitution of the form Na_0.5M_0.5³⁺O (M=Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, Al³⁺). Excess positive charge is likely balanced by cation vacancies, where their abundance is observed to increase with increasing iron concentration, consistent with high-pressure experiments. The abundance of cation vacancies is related to oxygen fugacity, where ferropericlase inclusions from Kankan and São Luiz (Brazil) are inferred to have formed at conditions more oxidising than Fe-(Mg,Fe)O equilibrium, but more reducing than Re-ReO₂ equilibrium. Fe²⁺/Mg partition coefficients between (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ and ferropericlase were calculated for inclusions co-existing in the same diamond using Mössbauer data and empirical relations based on high-pressure experimental work. Most values are consistent with high-pressure experiments, suggesting that these inclusions equilibrated at lower mantle conditions. The measured ferropericlase Fe³⁺ concentrations are consistent with diamond formation in a region of redox gradients, possibly arising from the subduction of oxidised material into reduced lower mantle. Reduction of carbonate to form ferropericlase and diamond is consistent with a slight shift of Kankan δ¹³C values to isotopically heavy compositions compared to the worldwide dataset, and could supply the oxygen necessary to satisfy the high Fe³⁺ concentration in (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ perovskite, as well as account for the high proportion of ferropericlase in the lower mantle paragenesis. The heterogeneity of lower mantle diamond sources indicates that the composition of lower mantle diamonds do not necessarily reflect those of the bulk mantle.     

俯冲带板内地震竖向位移谱阻尼修正系数模型研究

基于日本K-NET和KiK-net台网中4695条俯冲板内地震记录的竖向分量,建立了位移谱阻尼修正系数(DMF)模型.采用基于场地周期的场地分类方法,并通过固定效应法推导出模型系数.该DMF模型考虑了谱周期、阻尼比和场地条件的影响,可以用来调整与震源和距离无关的设计反应谱.利用阻尼比对数的二次方程式对原数据进行拟合回归...     

东海陆架盆地南部区域地震速度分析

在利用速度谱资料进行速度研究的可行性基础上,使用多种方法对速度谱资料进行甄别、筛选,对有效的速度谱资料进行统计、分析,计算出瓯江、闽江、基隆、晋江4个区域及全区的平均速度趋势,阐明了制作各反射层位平均速度分布图的方法,为本区时深转换提供基础资料。同时,分析了地震地质构造与速度趋势的相关性和一致性,对盆地内构造活动不强的区域等速度线与地层分布趋势及密度的关系进行了探讨,指出其对研究重力资料有一定的指导作用。     

滇西北构造地热特征及对地震活动的影响

温泉的水化学组分、循环路径和构造地热特征是分析活动断裂中流体耦合机制及讨论流体对地震发生影响的有效约束之一.本文通过对滇西北地区多条活动断裂附近的温泉资料进行收集, 应用硅-焓模型估算了该区域温泉的热储温度, 对温泉的出露温度、离子组分、热储温度、循环深度及同位素组成特征(δD和δ¹⁸O)等进行了分析.首先对区域内的地震进行了重定位分析, 讨论了小震震源深度与热储温度的关系, 而后分析了该区域的b值特征, 论述了以热储温度表示的区域浅层地热特征与地震活动的关系.结果表明2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震发生在浅层地温场高值区与低值区转换的地热温度梯度异常区内.

     

我们是怎样预报松潘7.2级地震的——纪念松潘7.2级地震30周年

回顾了1976年8月16日松潘7.2级地震中期、短期与临震预报,以及震后趋势判断的过程,简述了当年预报所依据的各类前兆异常。     

同时反演地层电阻率与侵入深度的数值方法

作者曾从电法测井的数学模型出发,在假定侵入深度为已知的条件下,给出了反演地层电阻率的一个迭代方法。本文在文献[1]的基础上,将侵入深度也作为反演参数之一,通过适当的变量代换,运用微分方程反问题的数值求解方法,得到了一个可以同时反演地层电阻率与侵入深度的迭代方法。     

基于偏振植被指数的植被-土壤混合像元室内实验研究

混合像元是遥感影像中普遍存在的一种现象,对其组成和各成分比例的反演一直是遥感研究中的重难点,而国内利用偏振植被指数对混合像元的研究几乎没有涉及。本次研究通过对不同面积比例的植被-土壤混合像元偏振反射高光谱特征进行分析,讨论不同条件下的植被-土壤混合像元偏振高光谱特性,并利用偏振反射比计算了12种0°偏振态下的偏振植被指数,分别构建了植被指数与植被面积比例以及光谱特征参数与植被面积比例的数学模型。结果表明,混合像元中植被面积比例和偏振角均对其偏振高光谱有一定的影响;865 nm的偏振反射比与植被占像元面积比例的相关性最好,采用多项式进行拟合时,其决定系数达到0.99,适合进行植被占像元面积比例的反演;偏振光谱“红边”处的一阶微分值与植被像元比例存在良好的线性相关,R²=0.974;植被面积比例与植被指数和光谱特征参数呈现良好的相关关系,其中P-DVI和光谱吸收指数（SAI）与植被面积比例的拟合效果最好,决定系数分别为0.99以及0.94,适合进行植被-土壤混合像元中植被面积比例的反演。     

缺损桩的导纳谱判别法及应用

利用振动工程中的模态分析技术,对桩基系统的振动特性进行研究。根据桩基系统的集中质量参数振动模型,对完整桩和各种缺损桩模型的导纳谱进行了大量的正演计算,按照导纳谱特征与桩基的缺损类型及缺损位置之间的对应关系,编制了相应的判读软件DSP1.0系统,实现了桩基完整性以及缺损桩缺损位置和缺损性质的计算机自动判读。     

Rotary spectrum analysis of tidal current in the southern Yellow Sea

A complete set of one-month Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) current data at a station in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) is analyzed using the rotary spectrum method. The results revealed different rotary properties between barotropic and baroclinic tidal currents. The barotropic and baroclinic tidal currents rotate elliptically counter-clockwise and clockwise, respectively. Meanwhile, baroclinic bottom tidal currents are almost along-isobath. The baroclinic cross-isobath velocities attenuate quickly at the bottom, implying important effects of bottom topography on the cross-isobath motions.