西藏羌塘中央隆起区物质组成与构造演化

对羌塘中央隆起区的物质成分及构造演化规律的认识 ,涉及到青藏高原特提斯演化、羌塘盆地的形成发展及高原的隆升过程。对羌塘中央隆起区构造演化在认识上目前有较大分歧 ,主要有两种观点 :1)认为扎布 (察布 )—查桑地区发育裂谷 ,没有发育成特提斯洋盆 ;2 )龙木错—双湖 (—澜沧江 )古特提斯缝合带 ,代表古特提斯洋的闭合遗迹之一。基于对羌塘中央隆起区物质成分及属性 ,以及同位素年代学研究 ,将羌塘中央隆起中泥盆世—早白垩世的构造发展历史划分了六个阶段 ,即D2 —C11初始裂谷阶段 ;C21—C2 裂谷阶段 ;P1海底扩张—大洋化阶段 ;P2 —T2 板块汇聚—消减阶段 ;T3 —J1板块碰撞阶段 ;J2 —K1碰撞—整体抬升阶段。羌塘中央隆起构造演化经历了一个完整的威尔逊旋回     

Garnet-bearing Granulite Facies Rock Xenoliths from Late Mesozoic Volcaniclastic Breccia, Xinyang, Henan Province

This paper presents the primary results of petrologic, mineralogical and petrochemical studies of garnet-bearing granulite facies rock xenoliths from Xinyang, Henan Province. These xenoliths, which are found in a pipe of late Mesozoic volcaniclastic breccia, are of high density (3.13-3.30 g/cm3) and high seismic velocity (Vp = 7.04-7.31 km/s), being products of underplating of basaltic magmas and had experienced granulite facies metamorphism. The underplating and metamorphism took place before the eruption of the host rock. Petrographical studies and equilibrium T-P calculations show that these xenoliths were captured at a 49 km depth and experienced at least a 16 km uplift before they were captured. The dynamics of the uplift could be related to the continent-continent collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate during the Triassic.     

A quantitative evaluation of Playfair's law and its use in testing long‐term stream erosion models

Playfair's law (J. Playfair, illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth, 1802) requires any two tributaries in a river network to lower at the same rate near their junction. Although this law holds exactly at the junction, it is unclear how well it holds in the vicinity of the junction. This issue has practical importance because Playfair's law has been used to estimate parameters for detachment‐limited models of erosion. If the incision rate of a stream is modelled as βA^mSⁿ, where β is an erodibility parameter, A is the area drained by the stream, and S is the local gradient of the channel, then the ratio of the parameters m/n can be estimated from junctions by assuming that Playfair's law holds over the distance used to determine S for each tributary. In this paper, Playfair's law and associated m/n estimates are evaluated for simulated basins with constant and temporally varying uplift rates (or baselevel lowering rates). The results demonstrate that estimates of m/n may be biased for basins with upward‐concave stream profiles because the local slope must be approximated with an average upstream slope. In addition, when uplift rate varies temporally, knickpoints are shown to travel through the basins with constant vertical velocity. Because incision rates vary within the basin, Playfair's law only holds exactly at the junctions. These effects are more important when slopes are measured over longer distances. Finally, measurement techniques are presented which address these potential biases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆北山地区区域重、磁场特征及其地质意义

本文在探讨新疆北山地区区域重、磁场特征的基础上,系统地叙述了北山裂谷内发育的白地洼、磁海重力高异常特征和基性、超基性岩体群重、磁场特征。指出坡北、笔架山岩带处于EW、NEE、NNW三组断裂所控制的三角形重力高的梯度带和负磁异常带上。提出通过这一特点,可以在北山地区寻找新的基性、超基性岩体群和拔矿靶区圈定。     

高压超高压变质岩抬升—剥露的一种动力学机制分析

综述了高压超高压变质岩带的基本构造特征，认为运用体粘滞性流变学理论可以很好地解释高压超高压变质岩的发育过程及其抬升－剥露动力学机制。     

阴山山链隆起机制及有关问题探讨

阴山隆起为异常地幔发育区，软流层上凸、岩石圈变薄、幔汁上侵、地幔底辟，垂直运动激烈；阴山隆起又处在南北两大板块夹击挤压构造带上，水平运动强烈。所以，阴山隆起是中新生代垂直运动和水平运动共同作用的结果。随着阴山山链的隆起，在其南缘形成了呼包、临河等地堑式盆地。     

武夷山古环境的变迁与土壤发育的关系

在综合研究了武夷山主峰黄岗山的地质、地貌、植被、气候及第四纪孢粉分析资料后认为,黄岗山在晚第三纪至第四纪的数百万年间,曾经历了至少三次断块抬升运动,每次抬升幅度300—400m,总上升量可达千米之巨。黄岗山的土壤之所以在若干重要分类指标上产生变异,其原因很可能是古环境遗留的特征仍居主导地位,近代成土作用只不过是在原来脱硅富铝化基础上的附加成土过程。     

胶南隆起北缘中段左行正滑韧性剪切带研究

在详细的野外地质填图的基础上,通过各种尺度的构造研究和系统的应变测量,确定了胶南隆起北缘中段的大型左行正滑韧性剪切带的存在及其延展范围,并提出了确定韧性剪切带边界的构造几何学准则。研究了该韧性剪切带的几何学和运动学特征及变形机制,估算了其剪切位移量(大于7557m)及形成时的差异应力(σ_1-σ_3=94.6～114.4MPa)。该韧性剪切带可以作为胶南隆起的北部边界,但不是重要的板块碰撞边界。     

新疆构造运动期序及特征

新疆地域辽阔,地质构造运动复杂,特征各异。前人曾对新疆构造运动的划分及命名做了大量工作,但多有不一致,有些构造运动的划分或命名依据不足,因此失去了应有的代表性。现根据实际资料,对新疆地质构造运动重新归纳和认识,提出新疆境内构造运动可划分为11期32幕(次),其中前寒武纪6期、古生代2期17幕(次),中新生代3期9幕(次)     

鄂尔多斯早古生代古构造

用野外露头剖面、钻井剖面和地震剖面相结合的综合研究方法,首先用人工合成记录结合11口井的VSP资料,对鄂尔多斯下古生界进行层位标定。在此基础上,对鄂尔多斯全区下古生界371条共长15 683 km的地震剖面进行了重新处理和地层解释,这大大提高了解释精度。以此为基础,把鄂尔多斯下古生界划分为5个地层单位,即寒武系中下部、寒武系中上部及冶里组和亮甲山组、马家沟群下部、马家沟群上部、平凉组和背锅山组,并作出了它们的等厚图。从这些等厚图可以看出：前4个地质时期的古构造格局为“一隆三凹”,即西缘凹陷、南缘凹陷和东缘凹陷(或东部凹陷)呈“U”形从西南东三面包围着一个中部隆起。最后一个地质时期的古构造格局为“一隆二凹”,即西缘凹陷和南缘凹陷呈“L”形镶嵌在一个巨大的鄂尔多斯隆起的西缘和南缘。到奥陶纪末,鄂尔多斯全区以及整个华北地台均变为隆起区,从而结束了鄂尔多斯隆起和凹陷并存的历史。