Relations entre production organique et apports terrigènes dans les sédiments fluviatiles holocènes : observations et conclusions hétérodoxes

Accumulation of organic matter in fens of fluvial valleys is often related to a low terrigenous matter delivery and to palaeoenvironmental conditions inducing low mechanical erosion. These assumptions come from the interpretation of contents in organic (MO) and mineral (MM) matters in sediments, expressed in percents, and then exactly anticorrelated. Calculation of mass accumulation rates of MO $(T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MO}}})$ and MM $(T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MM}}})$, expressed in g?m^?2?yr^?1, shows that $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MO}}}$ and $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MM}}}$ generally are not anticorrelated and that high values of $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MO}}}$ and $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MM}}}$ could appear simultaneously. That expression of MO and MM accumulation makes it possible to precise the climatic and human impact on sedimentation. To cite this article: J.-J. Macaire et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

Geochemical discriminations of sandstones from the Mohe Foreland basin,northeastern China: Tectonic setting and provenance

The Mohe region near the border area of China with Russia is in Heilongjiang Province. Topographically the area consists of lower mountains or hills situated at the northern end of the Da Hinggan Mountains. Struc-turally the Mohe basin rests on the north margin of the Ergun Block, and the Mongol-Okhotsk Orogen is lo-cated to the north of the basin. Due to poor access conditions and good vegetation coverage, previous researches on the basin are much weak with few spe-cial geological inves…     

Earthquake-controlled event deposits and its tectonic significance from the Middle Permian Wandrawandian Siltstone in the Sydney Basin,Australia

Earthquake is a disaster event resulting from rapid and intensive crustal vibration caused by fault activity, volcanic eruption, or block dilapidation. Heezen and Ewing[1] and Heezen and Dyke[2] were the first to note earthquake-related mass movement and associated deposits in connection to the turbidity currents and submarine slumps triggered by the Grand Bank Earthquake in 1929. Seilacher[3] defined redeposited sedimentary beds, disturbed and modified by earth- quakes, as seismite. Since t…     

Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S contents within the Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin,southwestern China

The northeastern area of Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, is the area with the maximal reserve of natural gas containing higher hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) that has been found among the petroliferous basins of China, with the proven and controlled gas reserve of more than 200 billion cubic meters. These gas pools, with higher H₂S contents averaging 9%, some 17%, are mainly distributed on structural belts of Dukouhe, Tieshanpo, Luojiazhai, Puguang, etc., while the oolitic-shoal dolomite of the Triassic Feixianguan Fm. (T₁f) is the reservoir. Although many scholars regard the plentiful accumulation of H₂S within the deep carbonate reservoir as the result of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR), however, the process of TSR as well as its residual geological and geochemical evidence is still not quite clear. Based on the carbon isotopic analysis of carbonate strata and secondary calcite, etc., together with the analysis of sulfur isotopes within H₂S, sulphur, gypsum, iron pyrites, etc., as well as other aspects including the natural gas composition, carbon isotopes of hydrocarbons reservoir petrology, etc., it has been proved that the above natural gas is a product of TSR. The H₂S, sulphur and calcite result from the participation of TSR reactions by hydrocarbon gas. During the process for hydrocarbons being consumed due to TSR, the carbons within the hydrocarbon gas participate in the reactions and finally are transferred into the secondary calcite, and become the carbon source of secondary calcite, consequently causing the carbon isotopes of the secondary calcite to be lower (−18.2‰). As for both the intermediate product of TSR, i.e. sulfur, and its final products, i.e. H₂S and iron pyrites, their sulfur elements are all sourced from the sulfate within the Feixianguan Fm. During the fractional processes of sulfur isotopes, the bond energy leads to the ³²S being released firstly, and the earlier it is released, the lower δ ³⁴S values for the generated sulphide (H₂S) or sulfur will be. However, for the anhydrite that participates in reactions, the higher the reaction degree, the more ³²S is released, while the less ³²S remains and the more δ ³⁴S is increased. The testing results have proved the process of the dynamic fractionation of sulfur isotopes.     

Foraminifera from the Irish Sea glacigenic deposits at Aberdaron,western Lleyn,North Wales: Palaeoenvironmental implications

In a sequence of glacigenic sediments at Aberdaron, Foraminifera were obtained from samples located specifically in order to differentiate between opposing models of depositional environment. All the diamict samples yielded remarkably uniform assemblages, with similar numbers of benthic specimens and benthic species per unit weight of sediment, similar planktic : benthic ratios, and similar ratios of clearly allochthonous to possibly autochthonous elements. This is precisely as predicted by the terrestrial model of sedimentation, where all of the sediments are interpreted as being derived from the melting of glacier ice rich in marine debris entrained during passage along the Irish Sea Basin. The results lend no support to a glacial marine model, since no faunal responses to increasingly distal sedimentary environments are observed. However, the fauna is dominated by the Foraminifera Elphidium excavatum (Terquem) forma clavata Cushman, which is commonly assumed to indicate glacial marine conditions. The modern distribution of similar assemblages suggests that it is just as likely to represent the cold, reduced salinity conditions that would have prevailed in the northern Irish Sea Basin for much of the Quaternary.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群水力破裂的岩石学特征及其成因探讨

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群凝灰质泥岩中发育大量凝灰质泥岩角砾。岩芯及透射光显微镜观察发现,这是一种水力破裂体系中流体和岩石作用的产物一水压碎屑岩。水压碎屑岩的岩石学特征表现为：角砾之间具有可拼合性、岩芯横切面上发育大量“T”型垂直裂缝、微细纤维状铁白云石脉对壁生长。水力破裂作用的成因主要与布达特群岩性组合特征、构造-流体作用有关。     

西藏伦坡拉盆地沉积特征分析及油气地质分析

本文通过对伦坡拉盆地的沉积演化和沉积体系特征的分析,对盆地内的生油岩、储集岩和盖层的空间展布进行了深入全面的探讨,并对其空间展布进行生储盖组合研究、圈闭的特征分析。笔者认为,在盆地生储盖组合较好,具有油气开发的潜力,但是盆地目前的构造圈闭现状制约着油气地质的进展,可以在落实新的构造圈闭的同时,寻求非构造圈闭油气藏的可能性。     

冈底斯山脉中段麦嘎古湖的形成演化发展与消亡

麦嘎盆地属典型的山间断陷盆地,其形成演化发展又受制于盆周的断层构造活动。麦嘎古湖的形成演化发展及消亡与麦嘎盆地的发展演化紧密相连。笔者从构造和湖积物特征人手,对麦嘎古湖的形成演化发展消亡作了深入探讨,认为其受到新构造活动、古气候、河流侵蚀等自然外力的综合作用,麦嘎盆地先后经历了河流→湖沼→河流→湖沼→湖泊→湖沼→湖泊→河流的演化过程。     

塔里木盆地早古生代晚期构造-沉积响应

摘要：伴随相对海平面由上升转为下降的周期变化,塔里木盆地在早古生代经历了一次大规模的扩张→挤压→隆升的开合旋回,早期(震旦纪—中奥陶世)处于拉张的构造背景下,呈现西台(碳酸盐台地)东盆(满加尔．库鲁克塔格深水盆地)的古地理格局。中西部广大地区沉积了巨厚的浅水台地相碳酸盐岩,以中晚寒武世的下丘里塔格群和早中奥陶世的上丘里塔格群为标志;东部的满加尔-库鲁克塔格则以厚度不大的远洋硅-灰泥沉积为主。盆地构造性质的转换及沉积古地理的巨大改变发生于中奥陶世中晚期,以塔中、塔北的隆起和塘古孜巴斯坳陷及阿瓦提-满加尔坳陷的形成为标志,呈近南北向隆-坳相问的盆地格局。沉积记录的响应表现为碳酸盐台地的消失、陆源物质的逐渐注入和向上变粗、火山活动和火山碎屑的出现以及巨厚砂泥质浊积岩在塔东盆地内的充填等。因此,中晚奥陶世—中泥盆世是塔里木盆地海域逐渐萎缩、盆地不断隆升和相对海平面逐渐下降的一个过程。     

羌塘雁石坪中侏罗统雀莫错组地层及沉积环境

本文详细描述了雁石坪附近一段地层剖面,并根据地层的岩石组合特征将其归入雀莫错组;依据古生物化石特征,将其时代划为侏罗纪早巴通期。沉积环境分析表明,雁石坪剖面为一套海侵的半咸水潮坪相沉积。