新疆伊犁盆地南缘中新生代以来构造演化与聚煤规律研究

新疆伊犁盆地以其丰富的煤碳和铀矿资源倍受专家与学者的高度关注,特别是伊犁盆地南缘。笔者从煤矿勘查角度,运用构造地质学、煤田地质学、沉积学的理论,从构造应力作用强度方面阐述伊犁盆地南缘现存的构造特征、构造格局以及含煤地层中下侏罗统水西沟群的沉积特征和赋煤性。笔者分析了古气候和沉积环境与聚煤关系,认为水西沟群是在温暖潮湿古气候条件下形成的冲积扇-扇三角洲体系的产物,有利于泥碳沼泽环境的形成,特别是西山窑组具备形成稳定而厚大煤层的基本条件。笔者重点分析中新生代以来的构造演化过程对煤矿的形成与保护作用,认为区域构造背景直接决定了盆地的形成与演化,从而影响着研究区成煤环境与赋煤潜力;构造格局或构造特征是成煤后构造演化的结果,即其活动影响着煤层成藏或保存程度;构造作用的差异性影响着煤层的保存状态和分布范围。     

黑河流域山前绿洲水量转化模拟研究

利用数字高程数据、遥感解译成果、地下水和水文气象资料,建立了一个基于GIS网格的黑河中游山前绿洲地区分布式水文模型.模拟结果表明,黑河流域中游山前绿洲地带的降水几乎完全消耗于蒸散发,且大约70%的山区地表径流补给也消耗于蒸散发.蒸散发以中游森林为最多,草本植被蒸散发同植被覆盖度呈正比.天然植被覆盖度同降水量的多少呈正比,在当地气候条件下,降水是天然荒漠植被类型和分布的控制因子.     

Coeval versus reciprocal mixed carbonate–siliciclastic deposition, Middle Devonian Baltic Basin, Eastern Europe: implications from the regional tectonic development

The Middle Devonian Narva succession in the Baltic Basin represents a significant turnaround in the history of the basin. The detailed study of core and outcrop sections and the three‐dimensional correlations across the Baltic Basin reveal a carbonate‐dominated, mixed retrogressive succession, overlain by a siliciclastic‐dominated, progradational succession. The palaeogeographic reconstructions show how the shallow, tide‐influenced basin expanded from south‐west to north‐east and, later during the transgression, also to the north, south and east. The transgressive portion of the basin fill is dominated by carbonate‐rich sabkha and supratidal to intertidal deposits on the basin margins, and subtidal carbonates in the basin centre. Siliciclastic material was derived by tidal currents and storm waves from the south‐west through a tidal inlet and flood‐tidal delta complex. This initial transgressive phase is characterized by the lack of subsidence or even episodic uplifts in the northern/north‐western part of the basin margin, shown by convergence of timelines and the thin (30 m) transgressive succession. In contrast, on the southern margin, the facies associations stack vertically into a 70 to 80 m thick succession, indicating significantly higher subsidence rates. The upper part of the transgressive phase indicates subsidence across the whole basin. The upper, progradational portion of the basin fill is dominated by coarse, siliciclastic, tide‐influenced deltaic deposits that rapidly prograded from north‐west to south‐east. This detailed study on the Narva succession shows that siliciclastic and carbonate deposition was coeval and that mixing occurred at different temporal and spatial scales. The mixing was controlled by grain‐size, volume and location of siliciclastic input rather than relative sea‐level changes as suggested in widely used reciprocal mixing models. It is suggested that the forebulge of the Scandinavian Caledonian fold‐and‐thrust belt migrated to the north‐western margin of the Baltic Basin during the earliest Eifelian, as indicated by the lack of subsidence and probable uplift in the northern/north‐western margin during the early transgressive phase. The forebulge migration ceased although the forebulge had already started to subside during the later stages of the transgressive phase. The deltaic progradation is interpreted to be associated with the orogenic collapse and uplift in the Scandinavian Caledonides that caused the erosion of the foreland basin fill and the coarse sediment transport into the Baltic Basin.     

测井资料在碳酸盐岩洞—裂缝型储层产能评价中的应用

介绍了一种基于测井资料来预测双孔结构碳酸盐岩储层产能的新方法。首先根据碳酸盐岩剖面中双孔结构储层的地质和测井特征,提取与储层产能密切相关的多个测井和地质参数,考虑到这些参数与产能的非线性相关关系以及产能数据的变化特点,采用BP神经网络技术建立其储层产能的预测模型,由此处理了轮南地区的多口井测井资料。所预测的储层段产能与试油产能较为一致,效果良好。     

塔里木盆地塔东地区中—上奥陶统海底扇浊积岩层序地层格架及沉积特征

塔东地区是塔里木盆地重要的油气资源战略接替区域之一。在剖面、测井和岩心资料的基础上,以Cross的高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,对区内中—上奥陶统海底扇相浊积岩进行了初步的层序地层分析,识别出了6个三级层序,并建立了横向连井层序地层对比格架,揭示了地层的时空展布规律。在对海底扇相沉积特征研究的基础上,首次以三级层序为单位勾绘了6期海底扇扇体形态的平面展布图,分析了各期扇体的平面展布特征;最后,依据扇体形态,结合其岩性特征和重矿物分析,对海底扇的物源方向进行了初步的探讨,得出该区海底扇物源应来自北部的库鲁克塔格地区,研究成果为本区今后的油气勘探工作提供了依据。     

江苏固城湖流域1951-2000年农业非点源氮、磷输移的数值模拟研究

选择位于长江下游的固城湖流域作为研究区域,基于分布式流域水文模型SWAT,采用数值模拟的手段,反演了1951～2000年流域农业非点源氮、磷的输移规律。模拟结果与实测值的一致性反映了模型的良好模拟能力。比较两个时段的模拟结果发现,1981～2000年,流域农业非点源氮、磷年平均浓度和输移量分别为:总氮0.82mg/L和411.88×103kg/a,总磷0.084mg/L和43.04×103kg/a;远高于1951～1960年的氮、磷年平均浓度和输移量分别为:总氮0.22mg/L和49.55×103kg/a,总磷0.036mg/L和7.67×103kg/a。模拟主要反映了流域下垫面条件和农作物耕作模式对农业非点源氮、磷浓度及输移量的影响。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起新近系“网毯式”成藏机制剖析及其对盆地油气勘探的启示

与油气通常近源聚集不同,准噶尔盆地西部车排子凸起新近系为特殊的远源成藏.其成藏的机制是什么?是否具有普遍性?如何进行勘探?本文从其充注特征和输导体系人手,剖析了成藏机制与富集特征,进而系统描述评价了准噶尔盆地宏观输导格架,预测此类油气藏的勘探潜力与有利方向.研究表明,车排子凸起新近系远源成藏是”网毯式”体系高效输导的结果,准噶尔盆地多期构造运动与”砂-泥二元结构”沉积背景促使普遍发育网毯式输导体系.网毯输导体系控制了准噶尔盆地50％以上数量的油气聚集,网毯式成藏是盆地内一种非常重要的成藏类型.毯-源关系表现为侧向或纵向直接沟通样式、断层沟通或接力样式、断层-中转层接力样式、断层-不整合接力样式等4种样式.分析毯-藏空间关系,存在毯边、毯尖、毯中削截、毯中背斜、毯中坡折、毯中断块、毯上断块、毯上岩性、毯上地层等9种毯砂油气藏与毯上相关油气藏类型.准噶尔盆地网毯式油气藏具有很大的勘探潜力,应重视并采取以网毯输导体系刻画评价为核心的研究与部署思路,大力推进此种类型油气藏的勘探.     

准噶尔盆地天然气成藏体系和成藏过程分析

准噶尔盆地目前已发现的天然气以中—小型的中浅层晚期次生气藏为主。研究表明,以区域盖层上三叠统白碱滩组泥岩为界可划分为下部近源原生天然气成藏体系和上部远源次生天然气成藏体系,前者一般具有异常高压的特征,后者则具有正常的压力系统。通过对盆地东部地区、腹部地区、西北缘地区、莫索湾凸起天然气成藏过程的解剖获得了比较一致的认识,即上部次生天然气是在下部原生天然气的改造和调整的基础上形成的,下部天然气成藏体系的原生大—中型天然气藏是未来准噶尔盆地天然气的勘探方向。值得注意的是南缘冲断带的上部成藏体系既有源自侏罗系煤系烃源岩的原生天然气聚集,又伴随有次生天然气藏的形成。