Geochronological,stable isotopes and fluid inclusion constraints for a premetamorphic development of the intrusive-hosted Björkdal Au deposit,northern Sweden

The Björkdal gold deposit, bound to a quartz vein system which is mainly hosted by a quartz-monzodioritic intrusion, is situated at the easternmost part of the 1.9 Ga Skellefte base metal district in the Fennoscandian shield. Three fluid stages may be distinguished, referred to as a “barren” stage, a main gold stage, and a remobilization stage, respectively. From oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence, it is argued that fluids of different origins (magmatic and surface waters) penetrated the ore zone at the inferred stages, but regional metamorphic fluids appear essentially only to have redistributed elements. Early quartz veining took place during a pre-metamorphic stage at ca. 1.88 Ga, as evidenced by unradiogenic galena data and an Sm–Nd scheelite errorchron of 1,915 ± 32 Ma (MSWD = 0.25). Temporarily, the main ore-forming stage was closely related to the first barren stage and took place during a major uplift event close to 1.88 Ga. Although other source rocks cannot be totally ruled out, available isotope data (O, S, Sr and Pb) are seemingly consistent with the view that these elements, and by inference other ore elements, were derived from the host intrusion.     

云南金顶铅锌矿床的有机成矿作用——来自围岩、矿石中有机质生物标志化合物的证据

云南金顶铅锌矿床是世界上成矿时代最新且唯一的陆相沉积岩容矿的超大型铅锌矿床。矿区存在2类有机质——原生型和迁移型,与矿石共生。生物标志化合物研究结果表明：正构烷烃碳数分布范围较宽,有2种峰型;萜烷化合物的相对丰度五环三萜烷＞三环萜烷＞四环萜烷;规则甾烷C27～C28～C29呈不对称V字型分布;有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分;有机质沉积于弱氧化—弱还原环境;成矿热液的热力作用使样品遭受了一定程度的热解,部分样品还遭受了生物降解作用;生物标志物多参数对比表明有机质来源于三叠纪三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。原生型有机质的成矿作用主要体现在对成矿金属元素的预富集上,而迁移型有机质的成矿作用主要是对成矿金属元素的活化运移。     

黔西北艾家坪-水城地区铅锌矿地质特征及控矿条件

黔西北艾家坪-水城地区是贵州重要的铅锌矿化集中区,铅锌矿主要赋存于石炭系碳酸盐岩中,威水背斜近轴部高角度逆冲断层是主要控矿构造.本文通过对艾家坪-水城地区铅锌矿地质特征及控矿条件的分析认为,构造是本区铅锌矿的主要控矿因素,地层及其岩性作为特定的层状构造及岩石剖面组合成为有利成矿的场所和理想的容矿空间,北西向逆冲断层、层间剥离构造和石炭系碳酸盐化灰岩是本区铅锌矿的重要找矿标志,进而指出贵州艾家坪-水城地区铅锌矿具有较大的资源潜力和找矿前景,经过进一步的地质工作,可望找到中-大型铅锌矿床.     

陕西省旬阳县甘沟铅锌矿地质特征及成因

通过对甘沟铅锌矿的地质矿产勘查,已初步查明区内铅锌矿含矿层位为下志留统梅子垭组,圈定了4条铅锌矿体,已获铅锌矿资源量9.78×10^4t。该含矿层矿体单个长180-580 m,平均厚度1.22-1.79 m,平均锌品位5.42%-8.37%,平均铅品位1.93%-11.04%。认为该矿床成因属沉积-变形变质热液改造型矿床。     

安徽铜陵矿集区南部新生代岩浆活动——来自科学深钻TK01的证据

本文主要是对铜陵矿集区南部丁桥科学深钻中的碱性辉长岩进行了LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年,年龄为63.54±0.53 Ma,表明碱性辉长岩是新生代岩浆侵入活动的产物。全岩主、微量研究结果表明TK01中的碱性辉长岩富钾(K_2O平均为1.75%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O平均为3.90%)、富钛(TiO_2平均为1.58%),富集大离子不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,属于过铝质岩石。SiO_2-K_2O图解中,样品点落在含钾较高的钾玄岩和钙碱性区域中,岩浆演化过程中有矿物的分离结晶作用。碱性辉长岩的锆石εHf(t)值介于-4.7~-11.5。推测TK01中的碱性辉长岩主要来源于富集地幔,稍有陆壳物质的混染,岩浆形成于大陆板内拉张的构造背景。     

桂中盘龙铅锌矿流体包裹体特征及其对钦杭成矿带热水喷流-改造成矿作用的指示

盘龙铅锌矿是近年来在钦杭成矿带南段新发现的大型铅锌矿床,位于广西大瑶山西侧,属于桂中坳陷带与大瑶山隆起的结合部位。它的容矿围岩为泥盆纪上伦组白云岩。成矿过程可分为三个成矿期:1)原生沉积期,以星散状构造、似层状-条带状构造、浸染状构造、胶状-变胶状构造、草莓状构造、揉皱构造等矿石组构特征为代表;2)活化改造期,成矿元素重新活化富集形成网脉状构造、假角砾状构造、环带构造、晶洞构造、小球状构造、交代结构、压力结构等;3)地表氧化期,原生的硫化物在地表被氧化。本研究系统分析了原生沉积期和活化改造期重晶石内的流体包裹体特征。包裹体岩相学分析显示,两个期次的流体包裹体类型均比较简单,主要为富液相的气液两相包裹体。显微测温结果显示,原生沉积期均一温度范围110.0~234.3℃(平均值为147℃),盐度介于0.33%~15.57%NaCleqv之间(均值为7.09%Nacleqv)。活化改造期均一温度稍低于原生沉积期,但盐度却明显高于前者,均一温度范围107.9~179.5℃(平均值为139℃),盐度范围1.81%~21.24%NaCleqv(均值为10.90%Nacleqv)。拉曼分析测试显示,两个成矿期次流体包裹体气相组分主要为H_2O。原生沉积期和活化改造期成矿流体均具有中低温、低盐度和贫CO_2的特征。结合重晶石矿物的产出状态,原生沉积期流体特征与SEDEX型矿床流体特征相吻合,而对其改造的后期流体与浅成低温热液矿床或者SEDEX型矿床流体特征相符。联系到区域演化历史及海底热水的幕式喷发特征,本研究认为,盘龙铅锌矿是典型的古生代热水喷流沉积叠加后期改造成矿的复合"二阶段成矿作用"的结果,对古生代地层中SEDEX型矿床的改造动力来源于后期浅成低温热液活动,也可能是晚期的又一次热水喷流活动。     

Chadormalu Kiruna-type magnetite-apatite deposit,Bafq district,Iran: Insights into hydrothermal alteration and petrogenesis from geochemical,fluid inclusion,and sulfur isotope data

The Chadormalu is one of the largest known iron deposits in the Bafq metallogenic province in the Kashmar-Kerman belt, Central Iran. The deposit is hosted in Precambrian-Cambrian igneous rocks, represented by rhyolite, rhyodacite, granite, diorite, and diabasic dikes, as well as metamorphic rocks consisting of various schists. The host rocks experienced Na (albite), calcic (actinolite), and potassic (K-feldspar and biotite) hydrothermal alteration associated with the formation of magnetite–(apatite) bodies, which are characteristic of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) and iron oxide-apatite (IOA) systems. Iron ores, occurring as massive-type and vein-type bodies, consist of three main generations of magnetite, including primary, secondary, and recrystallized, which are chemically different. Apatite occurs as scattered irregular veinlets in various parts of the main massive ore-body, as well as apatite-magnetite veins and disseminated apatite grains in marginal parts of the deposit and in the immediate wall rocks. Minor pyrite occurs as a late phase in the iron ores. Chemical composition of magnetite is representative of an IOA or Kiruna-type deposit, which is consistent with other evidence.Whole rock geochemical data from various host rocks confirm the occurrence of Na, Ca, and K alteration consistent with the formation of albite, actinolite, and K-feldspar, respectively. The geochemical investigation also includes the nature of calc-alkaline igneous rocks, and helps elaborating on the spatial and temporal association, and possible contribution of mafic to felsic magmas to the evolution of ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids.Fluid inclusion studies on apatites from massive- and vein-type ores show a range of homogenization temperatures from 266 to 580 °C and 208–406 °C, and salinities from 0.5 to 10.7 wt.% and 0.3–24.4 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. The fluid inclusion data suggest the involvement of evolving fluids, from low salinity-high temperature, to high salinity-low temperature, in the formation of the massive- and vein-type ores, respectively. The δ³⁴S values obtained for pyrite from various parts of the deposit range between +8.9 and +14.4‰ for massive ore and +18.7 to +21.5‰ for vein-type ore. A possible source of sulfur for the ³⁴S-enriched pyrite would be originated from late Precambrian-early Cambrian marine sulfate, or fluids equilibrated with evaporitic sulfates.Field observations, ore mineral and alteration assemblages, coupled with lithogeochemical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotopic data suggest that an evolving fluid from magmatic dominated to surficial brine-rich fluid has contributed to the formation of the Chadormalu deposit. In the first stages of mineralization, magmatic derived fluids had a dominant role in the formation of the massive-type ores, whereas a later brine with higher δ³⁴S contributed to the formation of the vein-type ores.     

湖南省留书塘铅锌矿床S、Pb同位素特征及意义

对湖南省留书塘铅锌矿床不同阶段矿石硫化物进行的S、Pb同位素研究表明,17件矿石样品硫化物的S同位素组成变化范围较宽(δ34S=-12.8‰~4.6‰),具有地层有机硫(约-13‰)与岩浆硫(约5‰)混合特征。从早阶段到晚阶段,硫化物呈现出δ34S值逐渐升高、极差逐渐增大的演化趋势。最晚形成的重晶石矿石硫由地层硫酸盐提供。13件硫化物样品的Pb同位素组成比较稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值变化范围分别为18.627~18.942、15.670~15.804和38.366~38.912,平均值分别为18.747、15.705和38.614。与区内新元古界—寒武系基底、邻区湘南与铅锌矿相关的岩浆岩钾长石Pb同位素进行的对比表明,矿石铅主要来源于矿区深部岩浆岩,少部分可能来自于基底寒武纪地层。结合宏观地质特征分析,留书塘矿床可能是与岩浆岩有关的热液充填交代矿床,其成矿物质具有多来源特征。     

土地利用配置的混沌蚁群优化算法研究

土地利用优化配置是促进土地可持续发展的重要举措,然而现有研究缺乏有效求解土地利用优化配置模型的新型混合式智能优化算法。本文结合蚁群算法和混沌模型,形成混沌蚁群优化（Chaos Ant Colony Optimization,CACO）算法,并以广州市增城区为研究区,对土地利用现状进行优化配置;然后在数量结构、目标函数值、空间布局等方面将优化结果与土地现状及标准蚁群算法优化结果进行对比分析。结果表明：① CACO算法能在满足多种约束条件下,有效解决多目标土地利用优化配置问题;② 与标准蚁群算法相比,CACO算法能增加土地利用的经济效益7.18亿元、生态效益0.33亿元、社会效益1.13%,同时降低地类转换成本1.15%;③ CACO算法能使土地利用现状空间分布多样性和均匀性的下降控制在1.30%以内,同时缩减地块数量8.86%,并使平均斑块大小增加9.77%,从而提升土地集约利用水平,更合理地配置各现状地类的空间分布,为研究区土地利用的科学规划与决策提供支持。