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851.
Beccy Scott Nick Ashton Kirsty E. H. Penkman Richard C. Preece Mark White 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(6):931-944
The late Middle Pleistocene sites in the Ebbsfleet Valley, Kent, UK, have yielded archaeological assemblages critical to understanding the early Middle Palaeolithic of northwestern Europe. Despite a long history of research, the nature and context of these assemblages are still poorly understood. This paper clarifies the stratigraphic, environmental and archaeological records at Ebbsfleet. These reflect a cold–warm–cold sequence of climatic events, preserved within part of the Taplow/Mucking Formation of the Thames (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8/7/6). Levallois artefacts are shown to be restricted to the lower part of the Ebbsfleet Channel sequence (Phases I and II) and are assigned to late MIS 8/early MIS 7. This material is associated with fauna indicative of open environments during both cool and temperate conditions. Handaxe assemblages are recorded from higher up the sequence (Phases III–V), but have been redeposited from higher terrace units nearby. No primary context archaeology is apparent during these later phases of aggradation. This may indicate that humans abandoned the site once available raw material became inaccessible, and may also reflect a decline in human presence in Britain during the latter part of MIS 7. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
852.
华北东南缘前寒武纪下地壳的生长和变质演化 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
华北陆块东南缘前寒武纪下地壳岩石主要以高级变质地体或麻粒岩地体和中生代闪长斑岩中(麻粒岩)捕虏体两种形式存在,它们为研究该区前寒武纪下地壳的形成和演化提供了极好的天然实验室。变质地体主要分布于霍邱和蚌埠地区,包括原"霍邱群"(霍邱杂岩)及"五河群"和"凤阳群"(五河杂岩)等。其中,霍邱杂岩主要由白云斜长片麻岩、石英岩、云母片岩、大理岩、变质砂岩、条带状铁建造(BIF)和斜长角闪岩等组成,但地表已被第四纪覆盖;五河杂岩主要含有石榴斜长角闪岩/榴闪岩、石榴麻粒岩、异剥钙榴岩、石榴斜长角闪片麻岩、花岗片麻岩、云母片岩、大理岩和变质砂岩等变质岩。相比较,五河杂岩大多出露地表,主要由变质的镁铁质和长英质火成岩以及表壳岩系组成,并伴生有古元古代片麻状钾长花岗岩和中生代花岗岩类,构成了"蚌埠隆起"。这些不同类型的变质岩常具有类似的峰期变质矿物,如石榴子石、单斜辉石、斜长石、金红石和石英等,结合其锆石U-Pb年龄,表明它们大多数都经历了古元古代高压麻粒岩相变质作用。综合的变质岩石学、岩石地球化学、Hf同位素及锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,该区前寒武纪下地壳经历了幕式生长以及多阶段变质演化与改造。强烈的构造-热事件和变质改造时间主要集中于2.7~2.8Ga、2.5~2.6Ga、~2.1Ga、1.8~1.9Ga、390Ma和176Ma,而前寒武纪下地壳的形成时间≥2.1Ga。在综述、分析相关成果的基础之上,作者提出了华北东南缘前寒武纪下地壳变质岩石研究方面存在的重要科学问题与展望。 相似文献
853.
研究表明新疆富蕴盆地早石炭世黑山头组、南明水组主要为一套滨、浅海相沉积,地层之间发育多套砾岩层,呈透镜体状,横向上延伸不远,为河流入海时形成的一系列水下河道沉积,而并非前人所认为的萨吾尔造山运动形成的构造底砾岩。砾岩层横向特征的对比及交错层理、波痕等古流向数据,表明地层沉积时期水体古流向总体自北西向南东(介于93°~125°),物源区位于盆地北西方向。研究区内黑山头组与南明水组之间为连续沉积,整合接触,并非准噶尔地块与西伯利亚板块的碰撞形成的构造不整合面。 相似文献
854.
855.
Marcela Cichowolski Beatriz G. Waisfeld Norberto E. Vaccari Larisa Marengo 《Geological Journal》2015,50(6):764-782
A single confidently dated species of cephalopod is so far known in the Tremadocian of the southern Central Andean Basin (NW Argentina and southern Bolivia). This species belongs to the Eothinoceratidae and has a strong affinity mainly with Avalonia. During the Floian, a notable increase in diversity took place, with the appearance of a variety of families represented by several genera, in particular, within the Family Eothinoceratidae. In addition to the previously described species from southern Bolivia, we evaluate the other records of that family from the Central Andean Basin, and propose the following new taxa: Saloceras sikus sp. nov., Saloceras quena sp. nov., Mutveiceras gen. nov., and Mutveiceras cienagaensis sp. nov. We also describe Margaritoceras diploide, Margaritoceras sp., and Mutveiceras sp. From a palaeogeographic perspective, the cephalopod fauna shows affinities mainly with those of England, Wales, and the Montagne Noire (cold water Gondwana and peri‐Gondwana). As with other cephalopod faunas of mid to high palaeolatitudes, eothinoceratids occur along with other cephalopods forming assemblages of low morphological diversity. We interpret the forms described here as demersal with a subvertical poise, but capable of making rapid buoyancy changes, living in a wide spectrum of shallow offshore to shoreface settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
856.
渤东低凸起东营组储集层以低渗为特征,低渗成为制约该区东营组勘探的重要因素.通过多种分析测试方法,研究了渤东低凸起L3构造东营组低渗储集层特征,探讨了低渗储集层成因.L3构造东营组储集层砂岩溶蚀作用发育,斜长石含量低,碳酸盐胶结物含量低,高岭石含量高,石英加大明显.储集层主要以中孔低—特低渗为主,孔径小,连通差,吼道窄,排驱压力大.微量元素分析表明,研究区东营组沉积时为淡水环境;测井和岩心观察证实,地层中含多层碳质泥岩和煤层.早期腐殖酸的溶蚀作用,造成低温下不稳定的斜长石大量溶蚀,这些溶蚀孔隙在后期深埋过程中受压实和成岩作用影响被复杂化、细小化是储集层低渗的主要原因.早期碳酸盐胶结物少,岩石抗压实能力差也是储层低渗的重要原因. 相似文献
857.
Two sets of Lower Paleozoic organic-rich shales develop well in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin: the Lower Cambrian Jiulaodong shale and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale. The Weiyuan area underwent a strong subsidence during the Triassic to Early Cretaceous and followed by an extensive uplifting and erosion after the Late Cretaceous. This has brought about great changes to the temperature and pressure conditions of the shales, which is vitally important for the accumulation and preservation of shale gas. Based on the burial and thermal history, averaged TOC and porosity data, geological and geochemical models for the two sets of shales were established. Within each of the shale units, gas generation was modeled and the evolution of the free gas content was calculated using the PVTSim software. Results show that the free gas content in the Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian shales in the studied area reached the maxima of 1.98–2.93 m3/t and 3.29–4.91 m3/t, respectively (under a pressure coefficient of 1.0–2.0) at their maximum burial. Subsequently, the free gas content continuously decreased as the shale was uplifted. At present, the free gas content in the two sets of shales is 1.52–2.43 m3/t and 1.94–3.42 m3/t, respectively (under a current pressure coefficient of 1.0–2.0). The results are roughly coincident with the gas content data obtained from in situ measurements in the Weiyuan area. We proposed that the Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian shales have a shale gas potential, even though they have experienced a strong uplifting. 相似文献
858.
859.
规则桥梁抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于性能的结构抗震设计是各国结构抗震设计规范未来的主要发展方向,虽然其理论框架已基本形成,然而其中至关重要的结构抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述问题,目前仍处于研究探讨阶段.本文从公路梁式桥震害现象出发,采用极限状态设计概念,对规则桥梁在地震作用下的性能水准予以明确的定义;并以墩顶漂移率作为设计参数,通过对大量试验数据的... 相似文献
860.
Chris Andrew Christopher R.C. Paul Stephen K. Donovan 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):34-46
Over 40 ammonites, mostly Promicroceras, with epifaunal worm tubes are described from the Lower Jurassic, Charmouth Mudstone Formation (Lias Group) of Dorset. Serpulids that were overgrown by the ammonites or responded to the ammonites’ growth attached to juvenile, living ammonites. Some epifaunal serpulids attached post-mortem, indicating oxygenated bottom water, which was rare in the lower Charmouth Mudstone Formation. Other serpulids do not conform to either pre- or post-mortem growth predictions and require individual assessment. The commonest pattern of growth for serpulids on live juvenile ammonites was attachment in the umbilical seam, with later growth onto, and finally around, the venter. Reconstructing this pattern shows that serpulids kept their aperture at 6 o’clock with respect to the orientation of the living ammonite (105-115° behind the ammonite aperture) throughout life. Reorientation of growth lines in serpulid worms just before the aperture suggests some worm tubes were fully grown. The 6 o’clock position of the aperture enabled feeding currents generated by the worms to parallel currents generated by swimming ammonites, thus maximizing food gathering and confirming that ammonites swam backwards. The mid-ventral position enabled the worm to deploy its branchia on both sides of the ammonite. Growth on ammonites was beneficial to the worms, but parasitic to the ammonites. Promicroceras with epifaunal worm tubes died at smaller sizes than unencumbered examples and size at death correlates inversely to extra weight of worm tubes. Uniformitarian comparisons suggest fossil serpulid worms grew in one season and that Promicroceras reached full size in two or three years. 相似文献