灌注桩后注浆单桩竖向极限承载力研究

近年来,后注浆技术得到了广泛的应用。钻孔灌注桩可大大降低建筑物的沉降,并使建筑物的沉降更加均匀,文章介绍后注浆工艺的承载力提高机理及在天津地区的几个工程实例,分析了注浆前后单桩竖向极限承载力对比情况及影响单桩竖向极限承载力的几个因素。     

重力驱动作用——滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积时期主要的搬运机制

通过对冀北滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积地层的实地考察,发现盆地内发育丰富的重力驱动作用沉积物。文中描述西瓜园组发育的滑动和滑塌现象,指出露头剖面中存在的挤压变形现象并非构造成因,而是由于滑动块体和滑塌块体前端的挤压应力环境造成的。在介绍西瓜园组重力流沉积发育环境的基础上,对露头中存在的若干重力流沉积进行了描述,并使用砂质碎屑流这一概念对这些现象进行了较为合理的成因解释。通过对滑动和滑塌(重力块体运动)和砂质碎屑流—浊流(重力流)沉积物研究,结合前人对该地区冲积扇—扇三角洲的研究成果,认为重力驱动作用是滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积时期主要的搬运机制。     

沾化凹陷桩西油田古近系东营组重力流水道的沉积特征及形成条件

济阳坳陷沾化凹陷桩西油田古近系东营组下段砂体平面呈条带状展布,与曲流河单河道沉积砂体形态类似。砂岩的沉积成因是建立高精度时间地层格架、预测储集层属性参数空间分布及挖潜剩余油的关键基础之一。综合分析区域地质背景、地层沉积序列、岩石学性质、沉积组合以及砂体几何形态等方面,认为桩西油田东下段砂岩是在半深湖—深湖环境沿湖盆长轴方向延伸的远源滑塌型重力流水道—浊流水道沉积;沉积物源主要来自北部埕北低凸起附近的扇三角洲和水下扇。根据重力流水道的成因机制,将东下段浊流水道划分为水道中心微相、水道边缘微相和水下漫溢微相。单一水道中心微相沉积序列相当于鲍玛序列的AB、ABD或AC组合,主要沉积中厚层正递变层理含砾细砂岩相和块状层理混合碎屑岩相,属中孔中低渗储集层。研究区滑塌型浊流水道形成的外部控制因素是火山喷发及控盆断层的幕式活动所导致的长期基准面下降;内部控制因素是充足的物源、垂直湖盆长轴方向的阶梯状断裂以及负向湖盆底形等。建立了反映该区浊流水道的沉积特征及发育条件的沉积模式。     

长江中下游庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区深部结构与成矿作用

为探测长江中下游成矿带庐江-枞阳白垩纪火山岩盆地和铁、硫矿集区深部构造和地壳结构,探讨成矿深部控制条件,作者完成了穿越火山岩盆地的深反射地震剖面(150km,记录30s)和罗河铁矿区浅层高分辨反射地震剖面(20km),以及平行剖面的大地电磁、高精度重磁剖面,揭示了矿集区全地壳精细结构和电磁结构,同时开展区域构造测量和火山岩年代学研究,获得了新的认识。证实"耳状"的庐-枞火山岩盆地是一个沿北东向罗河断裂向东侧发育的非对称火山盆地,排除了另一半被断在西侧红层之下的判断;罗河断裂是一条切穿MOHO的深断裂,倾向南东,是引导地幔流体和岩浆上涌和喷发的通道,在中地壳形成岩浆房(反射亮斑);鉴别出多层界面,火山岩-侏罗系厚度约4～5km(其中火山岩厚度约3km),三叠系-震旦系变形层底界深度大致18～20km,变质基底组成中下地壳,MOHO平缓向北西倾,深度33～31km;追踪郯-庐断裂带的深部产状,陡立延伸到MOHO,宽约10km。从而揭示了早白垩系(132～127Ma)庐-枞火山岩矿集区深部过程与成矿、控矿作用。     

柴油的中重度风化鉴别指标研究

以柴油为研究对象,采用溢油风化模拟实验,从分子级水平揭示中长期风化作用对溢油组成的影响。利用相对偏差和重复性限法进行评价和筛选,研究表明,柴油在较短时间(10 d)内,phytane/n-C18和pristine/phytane特征比率可较好地作为油品鉴别的依据;在10~30 d的风化期间,pristine/phytane仍可作为油品鉴别的依据;较长期的风化过程后,上述三个正构烷烃特征比率对于油品鉴别已不再具备意义。所选多环芳烃诊断比值指标中,除MNR、MP/P外,其他参数(MPI-1,MPI-2,Rc,MPDF1,MPDF2,MNR)相对标准偏差在1.10%~5.40%,可较好地用于重度风化溢油源鉴定。     

莱州湾东岸近岸海域规划围填海后冲淤演变预测

运用Mike21模型中的水动力模块对研究区的潮流场进行了模拟,分析研究区的冲淤趋势;利用经验公式,对波浪和潮流进行耦合,计算出极端条件下的最大冲刷深度,对比规划用海实施前后的最大冲刷深度,以对该区域的海岸防护、工程选址等提供科学依据。结果表明:受到填海工程的影响,龙口湾内有轻微淤积,界河至石虎咀近岸海域的波浪和潮流受工程影响而变小,冲刷强度变弱。     

云南剑川新民铁矿地质及成因

新民铁矿位于北北西—南南东向雪龙山—桥后断裂（弥沙河断裂）东侧之云岭褶皱束三级构造单元中,赋矿层位为中三叠统上兰组下亚段泥质灰岩.地层、构造控矿,为沉积—后期改造型铁矿床.     

Seismic structure of the Helan–Liupan–Ordos western margin tectonic belt in North-Central China and its geodynamic implications

We study high-resolution three-dimensional P-wave velocity (Vp) tomography and anisotropic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle under the Helan–Liupan–Ordos western margin tectonic belt in North-Central China using 13,506 high-quality P-wave arrival times from 2666 local earthquakes recorded by 87 seismic stations during 1980–2008. Our results show that prominent low-velocity (low-V) anomalies exist widely in the lower crust beneath the study region and the low-V zones extend to the uppermost mantle in some local areas, suggesting that the lower crust contains higher-temperature materials and fluids. The major fault zones, especially the large boundary faults of major tectonic units, are located at the edge portion of the low-V anomalies or transition zones between the low-V and high-V anomalies in the upper crust, whereas low-V anomalies are revealed in the lower crust under most of the faults. Most of large historical earthquakes are located in the boundary zones where P-wave velocity changes drastically in a short distance. Beneath the source zones of most of the large historical earthquakes, prominent low-V anomalies are visible in the lower crust. Significant P-wave azimuthal anisotropy is revealed in the study region, and the pattern of anisotropy in the upper crust is consistent with the surface geologic features. In the lower crust and uppermost mantle, the predominant fast velocity direction (FVD) is NNE–SSW under the Yinchuan Graben and NWW–SEE or NW–SE beneath the Corridor transitional zone, Qilian Orogenic Belt and Western Qinling Orogenic Belt, and the FVD is NE–SW under the eastern Qilian Orogenic Belt. The anisotropy in the lower crust may be caused by the lattice-preferred orientation of minerals, which may reflect the lower-crustal ductile flow with varied directions. The present results shed new light on the seismotectonics and geodynamic processes of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and its northeastern margin.     

黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统大竹园组和梁山组孢粉学研究

文中材料采自黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统大竹园组和梁山组。大竹园组孢粉化石类型单调,保存较差;而梁山组孢粉化石丰富,保存良好。孢粉组合特征为:(1)大竹园组包含丰富的Calamospora和Florinites及少量Torispora verrucosa,Gulisporites,Alisporites,Hamiapollenites和Striatopodocarpites,这一孢粉组合主要出现在上石炭统至下二叠统。按照大竹园组层位和孢粉化石特征,其地质时代应为早二叠世Asselian期—Artinskian期(相当于紫松期—隆林期)。(2)梁山组中可建立孢粉组合Laevigatosporites vulgaris-Gulisporites-Florinites ovalis,共计发现孢粉化石34属49种,其中蕨类植物孢子含量为51.6％～56.1％,裸子植物花粉含量为43.9％～48.4％。与大竹园组沉积时期相比,这一时期植被极为繁盛。根据孢粉组合特征,梁山组地质时代可能为早二叠世隆林期,即Kungurian期。     

Geochemistry,and zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu–Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China

The Jilongshan skarn Cu–Au deposit is located at the Jiurui ore cluster region in the southwestern part of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River valley metallogenic belt. The region is characterized by NW‐, NNW‐ and EW‐trending faults and the mineralization occurs at the contact of lower Triassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The intrusives are characterized by SiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O concentrations ranging from 61.66 to 67.8 wt.%, 3.29 to 5.65 wt.%, and 2.83 to 3.9 wt.%, respectively. Their A/CNK (A/CNK = n(Al₂O₃)/[n(CaO) + n(Na₂O) + n(K₂O)]) ratio, δEu, and δCe vary from 0.77 to 1.17, 0.86 to 1, and 0.88 to 0.96, respectively. The rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N = 7.61–12.94) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Zr, Ti. They also display a peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline signature typical of intrusives associated with skarn and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb age indicates that the granodiorite porphyry formed at 151.75 ± 0.70 Ma. A few inherited zircons with older ages (677 ± 10 Ma, 848 ± 11 Ma, 2645 ± 38 Ma, and 3411 ± 36 Ma) suggest the existence of an Archaean basement beneath the Middle–Lower Yangtze River region. The temperature of crystallization of the porphyry estimated from zircon thermometer ranges from 744.3 °C to 751.5 °C, and 634.04 °C to 823.8 °C. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that the Jilongshan deposit formed at 150.79 ± 0.82 Ma. The metallogeny and magmatism are correlated to mantle–crust interaction, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate from the east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.