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141.
142.
Centrifuge Modeling of Rock Slopes Susceptible to Block Toppling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary This paper presents the results of centrifuge tests that were aimed at validating the Goodman-Bray method for rock slope toppling
analysis. The Goodman-Bray method was extended by the authors to accommodate non-persistent basal planes of rock columns.
Two gypsum column models, with and without anchors were used to represent the failure modes. Measured critical centrifuge
accelerations were in agreement with the results obtained from numerical modeling. A background of the toppling slope failures
associated with a large hydropower project in China instigated the need for the centrifuge study. The centrifuge model tests
used an artificial rock. The observed failure mode did not follow a straight failure plane as proposed by Goodman and Bray.
The failures revealed a bi-planar slip surface with a deep-seated portion near the toe of the slope. The outcomes of the centrifuge
tests illustrated the need to search for the critical failure surface when performing a toppling analysis. The search technique
is similar to that usually performed in a conventional sliding analysis. 相似文献
143.
E. B. Pestchevitskaya 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(6):577-609
The described scheme of the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian) stratigraphic subdivisions is elaborated based on palynological study of sections in the Khatanga depression, Ust-Yenisei region, Pur-Taz interfluve, and around the Ob River latitudinal segment, the North Siberia. Stratigraphic distribution of microphytoplankton studied in detail is used to distinguish 10 biostratigraphic units in the rank of dinocysts zones. Stratigraphic position of the zones is determined with confidence using data on the Lower Cretaceous reference sections in the Khatanga depression, which were principal ones by constructing the Boreal standard zonation. In majority, boundaries of the dinocysts beds are of a high correlation potential and can be regarded as reliable stratigraphic markers, as they are recognizable not only in Siberia, but also in northern Europe and America. 相似文献
144.
Planetary waves in coupling the lower and upper atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
A.I. Pogoreltsev A.A. Vlasov K. Frhlich Ch. Jacobi 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(17-18):2083
The purpose of the paper is to answer the question if planetary waves (PW) are capable of propagating into the thermosphere. First the simplest vertical structure equation of the classic tidal theory accounting for a realistic vertical temperature profile is considered. Analysis and simulation show that the well-known normal atmospheric modes (NM), which are trapped in the lower and middle atmosphere, exhibit a wave-like vertical structure with a large vertical wavelength in the thermosphere. Moreover, the reflection of these modes from the vertical temperature gradient in the lower thermosphere causes appearance of the wave-energy upward flux in the middle atmosphere, and in a linearized formulation this flux is constant above the source region. To investigate a possibility of the NM forcing by stratospheric vacillations and to consider the propagation of different PW up to the heights of the upper thermosphere, a set of runs with a mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model has been performed. The results of the simulation show that quasi-stationary and longer-period PW are not able to penetrate into the thermosphere. The shorter-period NM and ultra-fast Kelvin wave propagate up to the heights of the lower thermosphere. However, above about 150 km they are strongly suppressed by dissipative processes. The role of the secondary waves (nonmigrating tides) arising from nonlinear interaction between the primary migrating tides and quasi-stationary PW is discussed. We conclude that PW are not capable of propagating directly up to the heights of the ionospheric F2 region. It is suggested that other physical processes (for instance, the electrostatic field perturbations) have to be taken into account to explain the observed PW-like structures in ionospheric parameters. 相似文献
145.
The most important features of the quasi-electrostatic fields (QSFs) and currents, generated in the region between a thunderstorm (TS) and the ionosphere between lightning discharges, are theoretically investigated. They depend on different factors having large variability, related to the TS and to the atmospheric conductivity. These features are studied in order to understand better the conditions when QSFs cause modifications of the parameters and chemical balance in the lower ionosphere over TSs due to electron heating, as well as the generation of red sprites. For this purpose, an analytical model based on Maxwell's equations under conditions of curl-free electric fields is presented. The temporal and spatial behaviour of the QSFs is studied as a function of the parameters of lightning discharges and of atmospheric conductivity. The dependence of the QSF, mainly its peak values, on the charge moment change, the discharge time, and the horizontal extent of the discharged region, on the one hand, and of the conductivity profile, on the other, is studied. It is shown that the profile of the QSF time peak changes its scale height at the altitudes where the relaxation time becomes equal to the discharge time, and where the conductivity scale height is diminished; below these altitudes the peak QSFs decrease with time much slower than above them. Also, the QSF peak increases almost linearly with the charge height and depends little on the size of the discharged region. The total Maxwell and conduction currents, which flow from the TS to the ionosphere, are also studied. The peak current is proportional to the charge moment change, and actually does not depend on the frequency of lightning discharges. 相似文献
146.
The numerical algorithm of calculation of Lyapounov coefficients (L
k) of any order is developed. The apparatus of analytical calculations is not used in this algorithm. The proposed algorithm is of use for usual computer languages and allows us to find the numerical value of L
k for any k and to make complete qualitative analyses of dynamic models on the plane. 相似文献
147.
148.
Recently discovered dinosaur bones in submerged near-shore deposits of southwest Istria include one vertebra, one femur, and two rib fragments. They all show well-developed vascularization. The large amounts of primary bone tissue in the vertebral and femoral compacta as well as in one rib fragment suggest that they belong to sub-adult animals which were growing rapidly. The structure of a second rib fragment differs in that it consists of secondary bone. The absence of lines of arrested growth is evident in all investigated bones. This suggests a sustained manner of bone deposition. 相似文献
150.
湘西北下寒武统黑色页岩伴生元素研究新进展 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
湖南大庸慈利的镍钼多金属矿床是湘西北下寒武统黑色页岩中伴生元素镍钼及铂族元素等富集最好地段。该矿床中的硅岩应属典型的喷气岩;特殊的筒状富矿体,以及Ni、Mo、Cu、Zn、Se、As、Ba、Au、Ag、Pt族元素特殊组合;矿石中金属硫化物呈胶状产出,显示快速堆积特征。 相似文献