银额盆地额济纳旗伊很乌苏地区下白垩统巴音戈壁组的微体化石及沉积环境

银额盆地额济纳地区中生代地层分布广泛,近些年的研究表明,盆地内发现的油气多来源于中生代地层的烃源岩,因此研究银额盆地中生代地层具有十分重要的意义。通过对银额盆地额济纳地区微体化石进行分析研究,发现鉴定了孢粉3属3种,介形类3属6种,其共存时限为早白垩世。据此将前人原划上侏罗统重新厘定为下白垩统巴音戈壁组,并根据岩石组合特征将其划分为3个岩性段。结合化石古生态、沉积构造和区域地质背景,认为巴音戈壁组3个岩性段分别代表了近岸水下扇、滨—浅湖、扇三角洲平原的淡水—微咸水内陆河湖相沉积环境,揭示其沉积经历了湖盆从产生、发展到萎缩的演化过程。巴音戈壁组岩石组合、沉积环境和化石组合特征的研究结果,有助于区域地层研究对比,为研究油气基础地质和区域演化提供基础资料。     

中国上石炭统滑石板阶

滑石板阶一名最初见于项礼文等 ( 1980 )的文章 ,阶名源自同名岩石地层单位——滑石板组 ,典型剖面位于贵州省盘县县城以东约 30 km的滑石板村。岩性以浅灰色厚层灰岩为主 ,局部夹白云岩 ,厚 315 .4 6 m。底界以化石 Pseudostaffella antiqua的始现为标志 ,顶界止于化石 Profusulinella priscoidea带之底。滑石板阶包含 2个带 Pseudostaffella antiqua- P. antiqua posterior带和 Pseudostaffella composita- P. paracompressa带 ;2个菊石带Reticuloceras guizhouense带及 Branneroceras branneri- Grastrioceras cf. cumbriensis带 ,还包含腕足类 Choristitesmansuyi- Plicatifera chaoi组合带。牙形刺仅在下部找到 ,归属于 N eognathodus symmetricus带。滑石板阶大致相当于国际地层表中的巴什基尔阶 ( Bashkirian)中部     

Multiple controls on the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian marine black shales in the Sichuan Basin,SW China: Geochemical and organic carbon isotopic evidence

In order to understand the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian black shale deposition in the western part of the Yangtze Block, geochemical and organic carbon isotopic studies have been performed on two wells that have drilled through the Qiongzhusi Formation in the central and southeastern parts of Sichuan Basin. It shows that the lowest part of the Qiongzhusi Formation has high TOC abundance, while the middle and upper parts display relative low TOC content. Redox-sensitive element (Mo) and trace elemental redox indices (e.g., Ni/Co, V/Cr, U/Th and V/(V + Ni)) suggest that the high-TOC layers were deposited under anoxic conditions, whereas the low-TOC layers under relatively dysoxic/oxic conditions. The relationship of the enrichment factors of Mo and U further shows a transition from suboxic low-TOC layers to euxinic high-TOC layers. On the basis of the Mo-TOC relationship, the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales were deposited in a basin under moderately restricted conditions. Organic carbon isotopes display temporal variations in the Qiongzhusi Formation, with a positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part and a continuous positive shift in the middle and upper parts. All these geochemical and isotopic criteria indicate a paleoenvironmental change from bottom anoxic to middle and upper dysoxic/oxic conditions for the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales. The correlation of organic carbon isotopic data for the Lower Cambrian black shales in different regions of the Yangtze Block shows consistent positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part for each section. This excursion can be ascribed to the widespread Early Cambrian transgression in the Yangtze Block, under which black shales were deposited.     

下扬子下寒武统岩相古地理及烃源岩条件研究

以下扬子下寒武统为研究对象,利用野外露头、岩心、岩石微观分析、有机地球化学等资料,在地层对比基础上,开展了下扬子下寒武统岩相古地理研究及烃源岩条件评价。结果表明：下扬子下寒武统主要发育硅质岩、硅质泥页岩、碳质泥页岩、灰质泥页岩、泥灰岩、白云岩6种岩石类型;地层可划分为3段,其中安吉-石台-上海地区三段发育齐全,其他地区一段大部分缺失,二段存在不同程度缺失;沉积相主要发育盆地、陆棚、斜坡、台地边缘、局限台地5种类型;烃源岩主要分布于石台-安吉、滁州-盐城、德兴-桐庐盆地相及周边陆棚相,石台-安吉地区是烃源岩发育最有利区,泥岩厚度300~700m,TOC为3%~9%,平均4.5%~5.76%;德兴-桐庐地区泥岩厚度200~400m,TOC为3%~9%,平均4.96%;滁州-盐城凹陷泥岩厚度50~200m,TOC为2%~4%。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩干酪根类型全部为Ⅰ型,有机质组分主要为腐泥组,以藻类体为主,含少量腐泥无定形体。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩均处于过成熟演化阶段,总体上由皖南盆地区向两侧台地逐渐降低,九江、景德镇、黄山及开化淳安地区受火山岩影响Ro在4.0%以上;安庆-溧阳-南通以南,湖州-苏州以西处于盆地、陆棚及斜披部位,埋深大,Ro为3.0%~4.0%;潜山、南陵、无为、金坛及苏北中新生代凹陷由于后期埋深较大,Ro在3.0%以上;其他区域Ro为2.0%~3.0%。     

石榴石橄榄岩的熔融实验及其地质意义

在20×10~9Pa和25×10~9Pa条件下,对石榴石橄榄岩进行的14次高温高压熔融实验研究表明,在1600℃时石榴石橄榄岩开始熔融(初熔),熔体中的SiO_2>70％,Na_2O+K_2O>8％,类似于A型花岗岩成分。本实验为地幔花岗岩的成因提供了证据。     

Møre Margin: Crustal structure from analysis of Expanded Spread Profiles

Analysis in both the x—t and —p domains of high-quality Expanded Spread Profiles across the Møre Margin show that many arrivals may be enhanced be selective ray tracing and velocity filtering combined with conventional data reduction techniques. In terms of crustal structure the margin can be divided into four main areas: 1) a thicker than normal oceanic crust in the eastern Norway Basin; 2) expanded crust with a Moho depth of 22 km beneath the huge extrusive complex constructed during early Tertiary breakup; 3) the Møre Basin where up to 13–14 km of sediments overlie a strongly extended outer part with a Moho depth at 20 km west of the Ona High; and 4) a region with a 25–27 km Moho depth between the high and the Norwegian coast. The velocity data restricts the continent-ocean boundary to a 15–30 km wide zone beneath the seaward dipping reflector wedges. The crust west of the landward edge of the inner flow is classified as transitional. This region as well as the adjacent oceanic crust is soled by a 7.2–7.4 km s^–1 lower crustal body which may extend beneath the entire region that experienced early Tertiary crustal extension. At the landward end of the transect a 8.5 km s^–1 layer near the base of the crust is recognized. A possible relationship with large positive gravity anomalies and early Tertiary alkaline intrusions is noted.     

歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层地质成因

为了更好地预测区域内低阻油层分布,以岩心、室内试验数据及薄片资料为基础,对歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层的成因机理及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：研究区低阻油层成因机理主要包括低幅构造、复杂孔隙结构、黏土矿物附加导电性、砂泥岩薄互层、淡水水入侵及钻井液污染6个方面。低阻油层地质成因包括构造、沉积及成岩作用3个方面,明下段沉积时期频繁而强烈的断层活动导致原生油藏发生淡水水侵,同时形成低幅构造,导致低幅构造型低阻油藏发育。受可容空间与沉积物供给比值变化影响,研究区内发育砂泥薄互层型及复杂孔隙结构型低阻油层。早成岩阶段较弱的成岩作用导致研究区发育黏土矿物附加导电性及钻井液污染型低阻油层。受以上3种因素影响,歧南断阶带明下段地层中低阻油层主要发育于与断层相接的低幅构造区域内的弱水动力区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒3段储层特征及有利区块预测

根据野外剖面、钻井岩芯和测井等资料,系统地对塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒3段储集砂体的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、成岩作用以及物性进行了详细的分析。研究表明,储集层的成分和结构成熟度低;主要孔隙类型有粒间孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔、铸模孔和粒缘缝;孔隙度为0.7%~18.69%,平均值为7.82%;渗透率为0.008×10^-3μm²~23.01×10^-3μm²,平均值为1.111×10^-3μm²,属于物性中-偏低的微孔-溶孔型组合型储集岩。影响储集层的主控因素包括:(1)河道控制了优质储层的分布范围和规模;(2)成岩期早期环边绿泥石胶结、溶蚀等建设性成岩作用是形成储层的基础;(3)成岩相扩大了储层的分布范围,改善了储层的物性。在上述研究的基础上,结合储集砂体的沉积微相特征、物性平面展布特征、储集砂体成岩相特征,在研究区内圈定了Ⅱ、Ⅲ两类有利勘探区块,为研究区下一步的勘探、开发提供了科学依据。     

塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组沉积体系及沉积模式

通过对塔里木盆地众多野外剖面详细观测及钻井岩心的详细观察,研究区下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组主要沉积一套以砂、泥岩为主的碎屑岩,根据岩性特征、生物标志和地球物理特征,将塔里木盆地塔塔埃尔塔格组划分为滨岸和陆棚沉积体系,滨岸沉积体系进一步划分为无障壁海岸和有障壁潮坪沉积,陆棚沉积体系以浅水陆棚沉积为特征,并就各微相的岩石类型、粒度分布和沉积构造特征进行了详细的研究。在此基础上,分析了塔塔埃尔塔格沉积期的平面展布特征,总体格局为南北向分带,东西向展布为特征。同时建立了塔里木盆地塔塔埃尔塔格组滨岸、潮坪和滨岸－潮坪的沉积模式,在研究区以滨岸－潮坪的沉积模式为主。