河南嵩县南部熊耳群古火山构造与成矿关系研究

河南嵩县南部熊耳群古火山构造保存完整,喷发旋回清晰,火山岩相及爆发相主要岩石种类齐全.其主要喷发类型为裂隙式喷发,次为中心式喷发,主要受区域基底断裂控制,且沿区域切壳深大断裂带呈串珠状分布.表明基底断裂→火山喷发带→区域断裂带是一个连续发展的过程.区内金及部分有色金属矿产与熊耳群古火山活动密切关联,古火山口爆发角砾岩产出地段是寻找该类型金矿的最佳地段,受古火山构造控制的古火山口及其周边的中性、酸性次火山岩脉(墙),是寻找钼、金、铅锌多金属矿产的有利部位.     

Fate of the Evros River suspended particulate matter in the northern Aegean Sea

Evros River is the most important river flowing into the North Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) in terms of freshwater discharge, and the second largest one of Eastern Europe after the Danube River. Salinity and temperature measurements, together with suspended particulate matter concentrations were obtained in various depths at 14 stations in the adjacent Alexandroupolis Gulf during four seasons (June 1998, September 1998, February 1999 and March 2000) in order to investigate the particle dynamics and distributions in the northern Aegean Sea. Analysis of the collected data, together with particle observations under the scanning electron microscope and study of satellite images showed that, under certain circumstances driven by the hydrological and wind regime of the area, the Evros River particulate matter, with the associated pollutants, can be transferred far away from the estuary and implicitly comprise a hazardous factor for the environmental status of the northern Aegean Sea. This fact, combined with the future construction of the Burgas-Alexandroupolis pipeline, may cause a negative impact on the studied natural ecosystem.     

滇西北羊拉铜矿区地层划分

通过滇西北羊拉矿区7.5km实测地层剖面的岩石地层划分,矿区原定二叠纪嘎金雪山群巨厚洋盆沉积实际由泥盆纪至二叠纪构造岩块高度混杂而成。因矿区经历了金沙江洋盆的初始裂开、扩张、俯冲消减、碰撞造山的洋－陆转换过程,岩石普遍发生绿片岩相变质作用,缺少古生物化石,原岩层序难以恢复。基于前人成果和本次工作发现的牙形石,结合矿区沉积特征和金沙江洋演化历史,将地层修订为下泥盆统江边组岩块、中泥盆统－石炭系岩块、二叠系岩块,并讨论了其构造演化。     

狼山-渣尔泰山成矿带铁铜铅锌多金属硫化物矿床特征研究

狼山-渣尔泰山多金属成矿带位于华北地台北缘西段的中元古代被动陆缘裂陷槽内,其产出的多处大型-超大型铜、铅、锌、铁多金属硫化物矿床的矿床特征具相似性和可对比性。通过分析该成矿带的区域地质背景、含矿建造特征及其产出的典型矿床（东升庙、炭窑口、霍各乞、甲生盘）的矿床地质特征,得出该成矿带内铜铅锌铁多金属硫化物矿床的以下特征：①盆地控矿特征十分明显;②成矿过程中伴有与成矿作用关系密切的同生断裂活动和同沉积期火山活动;③成矿元素具分带性和规律性组合的特征;④各典型矿床具鲜明的“时控”、“层控”和“岩控”特点;⑤成矿作用具有间歇性和多期演化成矿的特征;⑥含矿建造具有典型地球化学剖面结构序列特征;⑦矿体的产状与含矿岩系一致,且相应类型的矿石对应相应的容矿岩性。     

中国图们江河口湖沼沉积中植硅体古气候变化特征

通过对中国图们江河口湖沼沉积剖面的植硅体组合的分析,划分出该剖面自17.1～2.247 kaB.P.期间的6个植硅体组合带,分别对应冷干-凉湿-冷干-凉湿-温暖-温湿的气候阶段.将分析结果与本剖面Na、K、Ba、Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn分析相对比,发现植硅体对气候湿润程度的反映不如Na、K、Fe敏感,但是比其它指标,如泥炭地发育程度对湿润度的反映,要灵敏得多.区域对比发现,本剖面的植硅体古气候过程存在着区域上的良好响应,对全球变化与区域响应研究起着积极作用.     

Retardation capacity of altered granitic rock distributed along fractured and faulted zones in the orogenic belt of Japan

There are wide areas of granitic rocks in the Japanese orogenic belt. These granitic bodies inevitably contain fracture and fault systems associated with alteration zones. However, relatively little attention has been given to the possible influence of such widely distributed alteration zones on the migration of radionuclides from any radioactive waste repository that might in future be sited within granitic rock. In particular, the influences of alteration products and micro-fractures, due to chemical sorption and/or physical retardation require further consideration. In order to understand the retardation capacity of the altered deep granitic rocks, detailed geometrical characterization of pores, geochemical analysis, and batch sorption and flow-through experiments have been carried out. Those results show that the altered granite has a large volume of accessible pores, particularly in potassium-feldspar grains, which would influence nuclide retardation more than the accessible porosity in other minerals present, such as biotite. The distribution coefficients, Kd estimated from batch sorption tests and flow-through experiments suggest that altered granite has a high capability to retard the migration of nuclides. The retardation would probably be due to sorption on altered minerals such as sericite and iron hydroxides formed along grain boundaries and in pores created by dissolution, in addition to sorption on primary sorptive minerals. These results provide confidence that even altered and fractured parts of any granitic rock that might be encountered in a site for the disposal of high level radioactive waste may still retard radionuclide migration and thereby help the geosphere to function as a barrier.     

松辽盆地深层侏罗系-下白垩统生物组合和沉积环境

本文描述了松辽盆地探井揭露的深层地层序列及其所产的5个牛物门类化石组合特征.9个孢粉组合是Monosulcites-Cyathidites组合、Pinaceae-Cyathidites-Osmundaeidites组合、Classopollis-Piceites组合、Lophotriletes-Cicatricosisporites组合、Paleoconiferus-Lygodiumsporites组合、Cyathidites-Leiotriletes-Clavatipollenites组合、Cicatricosisporites-Leiotriletes-Polyporopollenites组合、Leiotriletes-Schizaeoisporites-Classopollis组合和Trilobosporites-Cyathidites-Tricolpollenites组合.3个藻类组合是Vesperopsis-Australisphaera组合、Balmula granorugosa组合和Vesperopsis zhaodongensis组合.2个介形类组合是Cypridea unicostata-Limnocypridesadscondida组合和Mongolocypris limpida-Paracandona planiuscula组合.4个植物组合是Elatocladus submanchurica-Ginkgoites orientalis组合、Acanthopteris gothani-Pterophyllum组合、Sphenopteris johnstrupii-Coniopteris nympharum组合和Platanus septentrionalis-Protophyllum undulaturn组合.3个大孢子组合是Minerisporites sp.组合、Ricinospora leavigata-Galamospora sp.组合和Arcellites组合.还介绍了叶肢介、轮藻、双壳类和鱼类化石的产出情况.结合同位素资料认为：大庆群时代为中侏罗世,火石岭组可能为贝里阿斯期,沙河子组为凡兰吟期-欧特里夫期,营城组为欧特里夫期-巴列姆期,登娄库组为巴列姆期-阿普第期早期,泉头组一-二段为阿普第-阿尔卑期,并对各组沉积环境进行了初步分析.     

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统岩石学特征及沉积环境分析

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,出露良好,是研究上扬子地区海相地层的理想剖面之一。根据地层划分与对比,将其分为下三叠统夜郎组、茅草铺组和中三叠统关岭组。该剖面以碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩为主,其中碳酸盐岩占67％,在夜郞组、茅草铺组和关岭组均有分布;碎屑岩占24％,主要分布于夜郎组。研究表明,松坎剖面中、下三叠统是一套多旋回沉积,其中夜郎组包括2个海进海退旋回,属于潮坪、开阔台地和浅滩沉积环境;茅草铺组包括3个海进海退旋回,属于开阔台地和局限台地沉积环境;关岭组总体上为海退沉积,属于局限台地和潮坪沉积环境。在沉积环境分析的基础上,建立了松坎剖面中、下三叠统的沉积模式,即潮坪-局限台地-浅滩-开阔台地沉积模式。     

得尔布干成矿带西南段矿床类型、成矿分带及找矿方向

得尔布干成矿带的西南段位于内蒙古自治区的新巴尔虎右旗至满洲里一带,是大兴安岭成矿省内极具找矿潜力的地区.铜、钼、铅、锌、银是该区的主要矿种,区内已发现大型矿床4处,小型矿床和矿点多处,分别形成于燕山早期和燕山晚期这2个主要成矿期,并可划分为3个矿床类型、6个矿床式.燕山早期的成矿元素主要是Cu、Mo、Au,以斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿床为主;燕山晚期的成矿元素主要为Pb、Zn、Ag,以次火山热液型和浅成热液型矿床为主.燕山期隆坳相间的构造格局和超浅成-浅成的中-酸性小岩体,控制着矿床的产出和分布.矿产地集中于燕山期隆坳交接带及其两侧,并形成以隆坳交接带为中心的、与成矿流体温度和盐度降低相伴的不对称分带.文章提出,得尔布干成矿带西南段的找矿潜力主要在隆坳交接带及其两侧,具体为已知矿区的深部及边部、乌奴格吐山-哈拉胜隆坳交接带和甲乌拉-山登脑隆坳交接带的两侧.此外,位于该区西南部的另一个隆坳交接带是潜在的矿化集中区.     

花岗岩类与大陆地壳生长初探——以中国典型造山带花岗岩类岩石的形成为例

本文主要基于东昆仑造山带、秦岭造山带、兴蒙造山带、阿尔泰造山带、燕山造山带以及华南过铝花岗岩带等花岗岩类形成的研究成果,讨论中国大陆内几个造山带的花岗岩类形成与大陆地壳生长方式和过程,我们的初步认识是:软流圈(对流地幔)的热和物质向大陆的输入(input)是大陆地壳生长和再改造的根本.大陆地壳的形成演化和再改造(reworking)主要通过岩浆作用完成,岩浆的形成、运移和定位是大陆地壳生长的基本过程.幔源玄武质岩浆底侵(underplating)于大陆地壳底部和内侵(intraplating)于地壳内部,是软流圈注入大陆的基本形式.造山带镁铁质下地壳的拆沉作用是致使陆壳总组成为中性火成岩(安山岩和闪长岩,或粗面安山岩和二长岩质的)的主要原因.收缩挤压构造作用使陆壳加厚达≥50 km,是诱发镁铁质下地壳拆沉作用的必需条件.火成岩构造组合及其时间序列是识别大陆地壳从软流圈地幔中分出,直至最终形成的过程的关键记录.