用多层变密度直接反演法研究下扬子地区的岩石圈构造

本文用多层变密度直接反演方法研究下扬子地区的岩石圈结构,并讨论其大地构造涵义及演化问题。文中给出了三次样条密度-深度函数的重力正演公式,采用非线性最小二乘优化算法,得到岩石圈内G_5、G_6、G_7三个主要密度界面,它们分别相应于中地壳低密度层底面、Moho面和上地幔顶部低密度层上界面。通过岩石圈结构分析,得到以下结果:杭州湾—海盐—嘉兴—长兴—高淳—芜湖隐伏深断裂是一条北西向的一级构造边界,它对下扬子区的大地构造发展和地壳演化有重要影响。     

Gushan magnetite–apatite deposit in the Ningwu basin, Lower Yangtze River Valley, SE China: Hydrothermal or Kiruna-type?

The Gushan deposit is one of the typical magnetite–apatite deposits associated with dioritic porphyries in the Lower Yangtze River Valley belt of the eastern Yangtze craton. The origin of this deposit is still uncertain and remains a controversial issue. Divergent opinions are centered on whether the iron deposits are magmatic or hydrothermal in origin. However, our field observations and mineralogical studies, combined with previous published petrological and geochemical features strongly suggest that the main ore bodies in the Gushan magnetite–apatite deposit are magmatic. Specific evidence includes the existence of gas bubbles, tubes, and miarolitic and amygdaloidal structures, melt flow banding structure and the presence of “ore breccia”. New electron microprobe analyses of the pyroxene phenocrysts of the dioritic porphyry genetically associated with the Gushan magnetite–apatite deposit show that the Fe contents in the evolving magma dramatically decrease, and then gradually increase. Because there is no evidence of mafic magma recharge, this scenario (decreasing Fe) could be plausibly interpreted by Fe-rich melts separated from Fe-poor silicate melts, i.e., liquid immiscibility was triggered by minor addition of phosphorus by crustal contamination. The occurrence of massive iron ore bodies can be satisfactorily explained by the immiscible Fe-rich melt with enormous volatile contents was driven to the top of the magma chamber due to the low density. The hot and volatile-rich iron ore magma was injected along fractures and spaces between the dioritic intrusions and wall-rocks, and led to an explosion near the surface, resulting in the immediate fragmentation of the roof of the intrusion and wall-rocks, forming brecciated ores. Moreover, other types of ores can be considered as a result of post-magmatic hydrothermal activities. Our proposed metallogenic model involving the Kiruna-type mineralization is consistent with the observed phenomenon in the Gushan deposit.     

北羌塘盆地中部雪山组时代讨论

羌塘盆地上侏罗统至下白垩统地层问题存在着多种意见 ,关键在于对雪山组的认识上。通过对羌塘盆地腹地半岛湖东北、长湖两剖面 ,雪山组在岩性特征、生物化石、地层接触关系及地质测年进行综合分析和讨论 ,认为雪山组是在白龙冰河组 (Kim meridgian— Berriasian)之上的陆相杂色碎屑沉积岩系。通过与雁石坪—安多地区雁石坪剖面和滇西剖面对比讨论 ,认为羌塘腹地的雪山组与雁石坪雪山组或扎窝茸组上部、滇西曼岗组层位相当 ,时代应为早白垩世中晚期     

苏北盆地金湖凹陷内压扭性构造的地震反射

在郯庐断裂从左旋到右旋的演化过程中,下扬子地区苏北盆地中各凹陷基本上都形成了弧形或雁行式排列的压扭性构造带,这些压扭构造带是苏北盆地各凹陷中构造圈闭和油气最发育的部位,目前基本上都形成了油气田.通过多年的地震勘探工作的研究成果表明金湖凹陷中具有典型的压扭性构造.以三维地震资料解释为基础分析了金湖凹陷压扭性构造的展布特征,并揭示其与油气发育和圈闭的关系,确定圈闭发育区.     

Proposed new Lower Triassic stages in South China

As the global Lower Triassic stages are not properly defined, a Chinese scheme of the Lower Triassic subdivision was recently proposed to meet the insistent need of the general investigation in China. The Lower Triassic sequences of South China are briefly summarized and the twofold Lower Triassic subdivision is discussed. The type sections of the two Chinese Lower Triassic stages, Yinkengian and Chaohuan, and their definitions are stated.     

湖南下寒武统层序地层特征与古环境演化变迁

湖南下寒武统发育完整,湘西北和湘中地区主要发育一套从黑色岩系到碳酸盐岩的地层序列,湘南地区相变为一套以杂砂岩和炭质板岩不等厚韵律层为主的地层序列,整体构成一个完整的二级层序,可进一步划分为6个三级层序,对应6个有序的海进-海退沉积旋回,其中三级层序的沉积体系域受沉积古环境的影响由凝缩段(CS)+高位体系域(HST)和海进体系域(TST)+凝缩段(CS)+高位体系域(HST)两种垂向叠加形式组成,下寒武统的层序界面类型主要为Ⅱ型层序界面和淹没不整合型层序界面。在空间上,湘西北和湘中地区为由NW向SE的缓坡环境,随着沉积环境逐渐加深,下寒武统沉积厚度逐渐变薄,至湘南地区沉积厚度增厚,沉积深海相厚层杂砂岩夹板岩,其相序变化系统记录了湖南省早寒武世复杂的被动陆缘古地理环境演化和变迁,其演化和变迁也反映了古环境演化对成矿作用的制约。     

古老碳酸盐岩层系油气储层地质特征

对研究程度较高的北美奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气田特征参数作了统计和分析,对比中国下古生界碳酸盐岩油气田,分析了古老碳酸盐岩油气储层的特点及主要控制因素。北美大陆奥陶纪沉积环境以环潮坪—浅水陆棚为主,储集岩可简单地划分为四种岩相类型,包括泥晶灰岩、粒泥灰岩、泥粒灰岩以及颗粒灰岩。晶间孔、角砾岩相关孔隙及溶蚀孔隙是最主要的孔隙类型,其中尤以晶间孔最为普遍。中国下古生界碳酸盐岩油气储层的演化更为复杂,原生孔隙损失殆尽。北美和中国的研究都表明,岩溶储层和白云岩储层是主要的有效储层。当埋深超过3000m时,白云岩是主要的储层岩石类型。在埋深增大的情况下白云岩保持更好的储集性能,这是一个基本的趋势。中国下古生界碳酸盐岩埋深较大,所以白云岩储层是一个特别值得关注的领域。     

辽西下白垩统义县组湖相碳酸盐岩及其沉积环境研究

辽西地区下白垩统义县组是热河生物群产出的主要地层,其中产出大量精美的生物化石,但是由于受到后期构造破坏和风化作用影响,难以开展野外工作,热河生物群产出的古地理环境及盆地沉积环境的研究程度仍然较低。该组地层中湖相碳酸盐岩比较发育,本次工作主要对辽西义县组老公沟—金刚山剖面4个沉积层中产出的多层湖相碳酸盐岩沉积层进行了深入研究。通过野外工作结合室内镜下鉴定,分析了义县组湖相碳酸盐岩的产出状态和岩石类型,划分出5个岩相类型和两个相组合。结合野外实测剖面中碳酸盐岩与其它沉积岩层的组合关系对义县组湖相碳酸盐沉积环境进行了探讨,发现义县组湖相碳酸盐岩主要为洪水—漫湖沉积体系中较浅的储水洼地和滨浅湖半咸水沉积环境,并建立了义县组湖相碳酸盐岩沉积相模式。     

桂西北早石炭世台槽地区露头层序地层及海平面变化研究

重点研究了桂西北地区下石炭统台槽斜坡相和台槽盆地相露头层序地层:在斜坡相识别出4个Ⅰ类和2个Ⅱ类层序界面,以及3个Ⅰ类和2个Ⅱ类沉积层序;台槽盆地相同期地层也可分出5个层序,但这种层序与Vail的沉积层序含意不尽相同.依据生物地层学资料和层序顺序,将这些层序与台地相区沉积层序逐一进行了对比.在此基础上,探讨了早石炭世的海平面变化规律.