湖南下寒武统层序地层特征与古环境演化变迁

湖南下寒武统发育完整,湘西北和湘中地区主要发育一套从黑色岩系到碳酸盐岩的地层序列,湘南地区相变为一套以杂砂岩和炭质板岩不等厚韵律层为主的地层序列,整体构成一个完整的二级层序,可进一步划分为6个三级层序,对应6个有序的海进-海退沉积旋回,其中三级层序的沉积体系域受沉积古环境的影响由凝缩段(CS)+高位体系域(HST)和海进体系域(TST)+凝缩段(CS)+高位体系域(HST)两种垂向叠加形式组成,下寒武统的层序界面类型主要为Ⅱ型层序界面和淹没不整合型层序界面。在空间上,湘西北和湘中地区为由NW向SE的缓坡环境,随着沉积环境逐渐加深,下寒武统沉积厚度逐渐变薄,至湘南地区沉积厚度增厚,沉积深海相厚层杂砂岩夹板岩,其相序变化系统记录了湖南省早寒武世复杂的被动陆缘古地理环境演化和变迁,其演化和变迁也反映了古环境演化对成矿作用的制约。     

贵州宗地上石炭统达拉阶—下二叠统隆林阶的沉积微相组合及其沉积环境

根据镜下薄片统计结果,参照野外观察,采用R型和Q型聚类分析方法对贵州省紫云县宗地乡上石炭统达拉阶—下二叠统隆林阶的沉积环境进行了研究。分析结果表明,贵州宗地达拉阶—隆林阶存在11种微相类型,分别为深水局限泻湖、浅水局限泻湖、深水藻丘、接近浅滩的洼地、台地边缘浅滩、深水泻湖、浅水藻丘、浅水泻湖或潮坪、潮汐砂坝、局限浅滩或泻湖和深水斜坡等环境的沉积。不同的微相类型在剖面纵向上构成了6个微相组合,代表了沉积环境依时间变化的6个基本过程：浅滩或潮坪—开阔台地—藻丘—局限台地—深水斜坡—局限藻丘。     

印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线层型候选剖面--安徽巢湖平顶山西剖面地层序列

位于安徽省中部巢湖市郊的平顶山西剖面被推荐为印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型候选剖面。系统记述了该剖面的地层序列,包括岩石地层、生物地层、磁性地层、碳氧同位素地层和旋回地层等方面的最新研究成果。该剖面包括3个岩石地层单元、7个牙形石带、5个菊石带、3个双壳类带;在剖面下段地层中识别出2个正向磁性带和2个反向磁极性带;与地球轨道天文周期相对应的Milankovitch气候沉积旋回也可以明确地辨认;碳氧同位素δ1 3Ccarb演变呈现两次大的旋回。以牙形石N eospathodus waageni首现定义的印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线在该剖面上位于三叠系第二个主要的正向极性带近顶部,也接近三叠纪碳同位素δ1 3Ccarb首次正向漂移峰值处     

珠穆朗玛峰北坡下侏罗统层序地层及沉积相研究

珠穆朗玛峰北坡下侏罗统由乌垅组、康堆组和水佳组三个岩石地层单位组成。它们分别形成于碳酸盐缓坡、断陷盆地和碳酸盐台地三种不同的沉积环境，共包括６个沉积相。本区在早侏罗世经历了强烈的继陷下，属成熟裂谷盆地。     

贵州松林下寒武统牛蹄塘生物群中的球状海绵化石

贵州遵义松林牛蹄塘生物群含球形海绵2个属,即麦粒海绵Triticispongia（Mehl et Reitner）,1993和鬃毛状海绵Saetaspongia（Mehi et Reitner）,1993。描述了产自松林中南村黑沙坡牛蹄塘组下部的牛蹄塘生物群中球状海绵化石的2个种,即Triticispongia diagonata（Mehl et Reitner）,1993及Saetaspongia derma（Mehl et Reitiner）,1993,丰富了这两属种的特征和分布资料。     

Intercomparison of Multiple Hydroclimatic Datasets across the Lower Nelson River Basin,Manitoba, Canada

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the 1981–2010 spatiotemporal differences in six available climate datasets (daily total precipitation and mean air temperature) over the Lower Nelson River Basin (LNRB) in ten of its sub-watersheds at seasonal and annual time scales. We find that the Australian National University spline interpolation (ANUSPLIN), and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolated observations from 14 Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) meteorological stations show dry biases, whereas reanalysis products tend to overestimate precipitation across most of the basin. All datasets exhibit prominent disagreement in precipitation trends whereby the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) and European Union Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI) show exceptional wetting trends, while the IDW and ANUSPLIN data manifest drying trends. Mean air temperature trends generally agree across most of the datasets; however, the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and IDW show stronger warming relative to other datasets. Overall, analyses of the different climate datasets and their ensemble reveal that the choice of input dataset plays a crucial role in the accurate estimation of historical climatic conditions, particularly when assessing trends, for the LNRB. Using the ensemble has the distinct advantage of preserving the unique strengths of all datasets and affords the opportunity to estimate the uncertainty for hydrologic modelling and climate change impact studies.     

Oncolites of the Lower Permian ChuanshanFormation in South China and Their Geologicaland Economic Significance

A large amount of oncolites popularly named " Chuanshan balls" occur universally in the Lower Permian Chuanshan Formation in South China. These kinds of oncolites have the following characteristics: wide distribution, huge quantities, large sedimentary thickness and similar characters, which constitute a specific " fashion fades" in geological history. The authors consider that these kinds of oncolites were due to the intense differentiation of the global climate at that time, which resulted in a universal descent of the sea level and breeding of a large amount of algae in sea water over low-latitude areas. According to the distribution and characteristics of the oncolitic, relative relationships between different tectonic blocks may be inferred, diagenetic strength indicated and diagenetic history recovered, and more important, oncolites serve as a favourable reservoir rock, so their study is of great theoretical and economic significance.     

下扬子区加里东期构造古地理问题

一般将江绍断裂作为扬子地块和华夏地块在下扬子区的分界,但江绍断裂是晋宁期缝合带,二者在加里东期的关系需要解决。赣东北和皖南元古界变质岩构成复背斜核部,两翼的寒武-奥陶系由里向外由盆地-斜坡相转为台地相,相界线标志出扬子台缘位置在皖南石台-泾县一线,华夏台缘位置在浙西江山-开化-临安一线,中央的变质岩区应为当时江南海盆的一部分。奥陶纪末沉积格局有重大变化,显示这里的江南海盆转化为陆屑来源的楔形”江南隆起”。复背斜两翼寒武-奥陶系的构造变形则由外向里增强,直至同斜倒转的褶皱形态,表明江南隆起属加里东褶皱带。隆起两侧及东北方有很厚的志留系碎屑岩,沉积序列自下而上由浅海相转为滨海相和三角洲相以至陆相沉积。空间上往东北方江苏境内海相沉积更为发育,志留纪晚期仍有海相记录,与泥盆系之间为平行不整合接触,到印支期才发生构造变形。在下扬子区,扬子和华夏地块之间,加里东褶皱带和印支褶皱带并存。     

层序格架中富有机质页岩发育模式及差异分布:以上扬子下寒武统为例

以岩石地层分区多、名称复杂多变的上扬子下寒武统为例,并以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,通过露头、岩心、钻（测）井及岩矿测试等资料综合研究,识别出6个层序划分依据、5种沉积旋回叠加组合样式,认为页岩层系中层序界面厘定困难,不同级次沉积旋回的识别是层序划分的关键。以此为依据,结合研究区构造、岩相、有机碳含量等研究,建立了等时层序地层格架及其富有机质页岩的沉积发育模式,并以层序为单元,开展了富有机质页岩分布的精细编图。富有机质页岩主要发育于不同级次的海侵-海退作用早期,不同地区时空分布特征差异明显：四川盆地内部富有机质页岩主要分布在资阳长宁一线近南北向带状展布的区域,其受基底断裂早寒武世多幕堑垒式活动控制,纵向上发育4套富有机质页岩段;四川盆地之外鄂西—渝东、黔北、黔东南及宜昌等地区主要受早寒武世早期上升洋流作用控制,以下部层序发育大套富有机质页岩段为特征。今后应考虑不同地区富有机质页岩的时空分布特点,进行页岩气勘探与开发部署。     

一种控制陆相地层横向变化的方法——以民和盆地早白垩世地层为例

陆相地层侧向加积作用广泛发育 ,导致岩性、岩相横向多变。如何控制陆相地层横向不稳定性 ,是盆地分析的难点。利用高分辨率事件沉积作用 ,结合岩性变化带 ,可以在盆地确定等时地层单元 ,在横向地层变化研究中提高精度 ,是控制陆相地层横向变化的有效方法