Analysis of geological effects on methane adsorption capacity of continental shale: a case study of the Jurassic shale in the Tarim Basin,northwestern China

The Jurassic shale is an important source rock for the found gas reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China, but has never been researched for shale gas potential. The geological effects on methane adsorption capacity for the gas shale have been investigated in this paper through the geochemical, mineralogical and adsorption analyses on samples from wells and sections. The methane adsorption capacity ranges from 0.58 to 16.57 cm³/g, and the total organic carbon (TOC) content is between 0.5 and 13.5 wt%. The organic maturity measured by T_max is between 410 °C (immature) and 499 °C (overmature). The methane adsorption capacity of the Jurassic continental shale in the Tarim Basin is affected by many geological factors, including the TOC content, organic matter maturity, mineral composition, surface area and pore size distribution. The TOC content is the most significant factor with a positive effect on the adsorption capacity of the Jurassic shale, and the influence varies piecewise according to the TOC content. The TOC content contributes much more to the methane adsorption capacity of organic‐rich shale samples (TOC content > 0.7 wt%) than to the organic‐lean samples (TOC content < 0.7 wt%). The mineral composition is a secondary factor, and the abundance of clay content has a positive effect on the methane adsorption capacity despite its relatively weaker adsorption ability compared to TOC. The pore size distribution has different effects on surface area and pore volume. Mesopores and micropores provide the major surface area and are mainly derived from TOC and illite, which has a positive influence on the adsorption capacity. Mesopores and macropores offer the major pore volume and are mainly formed by illite, which is the major contributor for pore volume rather than surface area. In addition, the TOC and illite contents of the Jurassic shale in the Tarim Basin are closely related to the origin, maturity and diagenesis evolution of the shale: (1) both TOC and illite content variations are related to the different provenances and depositional environments of shale; (2) the decrease of TOC content with increasing maturity is also partly attributed to hydrocarbon generation; and (3) the increase of illite content with increasing maturity is due to illitization in the diagenesis of shale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

滇中鱼坝村组的建立及陆相侏罗系底界

滇中及相邻地区上三叠统舍资组含煤层与下侏罗统冯家河组红层之间，连续沉积了一套杂色细碎屑岩过渡层。其分布稳定，该层所含化石及磁性地层特征表明其时代属早侏罗世。因此建立下侏罗统鱼坝村组，并确定该组底界为陆相侏罗系的底界。     

关于强壮弓笔石(Cyrtograptus robustus)的补充研究

在陕西紫阳新发现一块更为完整的强壮弓笔石(Cyrtograptus robustus)化石,对其始部、主枝、幼枝、胞管等特征进行了描述和数据统计,并与国内外相似的弓笔石进行对比。该种弓笔石主枝较宽,一级幼枝发育,相邻幼枝间隔胞管数为1~7个不等,随着主枝的延伸相邻幼枝间隔胞管数增大。笔石体没有二级幼枝,胞管形态为较矮的三角形。该种化石的补充研究为C. lapworthi带的弓笔石种类和弓笔石早期发育情况的研究提供了重要的基础资料。     

SEDIMENT-REMOVING CAPACITY AND RIVER MOTION DYNAMICS

l INTRODUCTIONT'he landscaPe is mainly shaPed by surface runoff of water through erosion and sedimentahon. mverflows cut the bed, scour the banks and silt the seas. All these are realized by moving sediment frOm oneplace to other places. The caPacity of the flow to remove sediment frOm one place to other places within ariver chanel is called sediment-removing caPacity. It differs frOm the well-defined sediment-capingcapacity For instance, steady flow carries sediment through the river …     

新疆哈密三道岭地层新知

在三道岭原石炭系中采到大量腕足类化石,其上部灰岩的时代应为D_1—D_2,其下部泥岩的时代应为S_3—D_1.     

Rigid block based lower bound limit analysis method for stability analysis of fractured rock mass considering rock bridge effects

A rigid block based lower bound limit analysis method for analyzing stability of fractured rock mass in 2D and 3D conditions is proposed. The rock bridge effects are considered in the general formation. No assumptions are imposed on the inter-element forces, and the solution obtained is statically admissible. The proposed method is theoretically rigorous and simple. The validation and efficiency of the proposed method have been demonstrated through three typical types of slopes, indicating that apart from the fractures, rock bridge plays a key role in stabilizing rock blocks, which should be greatly concerned in stability analysis of rock mass.     

塔里木盆地东部下志留统下砂岩段储层特征

塔里木盆地东部的志留系为一套海相碎屑岩沉积,现今仅保存有下志留统,分布在铁南2井、维马1井以南、阿南1井以北的东西向狭长地带内。下志留统的下砂岩段是油气勘探的主要目的层之一,发育扇三角洲沉积体系。下砂岩段储层岩性为岩屑砂岩,储集空间类型主要为剩余原生粒间孔,压实作用是影响储层物性的主要因素。在下砂岩段储层中,中砂岩的储集性能相对较好,其孔隙度多数在10%以上,是下砂岩段的主要含油气储层。后期的成岩作用改善了局部层段的储层物性。经历了漫长的地质演化后,下砂岩段依然保存有物性条件较好的储层段,可能蕴涵了商业油气储量。     

Smaller foraminifers from type sections of the Bolorian stage,the Lower Permian of Darvaz

Smaller foraminifers from Upper Yakhtashian and Bolorian deposits of the stratotype area (Pamir, Darvaz, Tajikistan) are investigated. Four assemblages are defined. The first assemblage is from Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris-Pamirina darvasica Zone. The second assemblage found in the transitional Yakhtashian-Bolorian beds includes Globivalvulina, Palaeotextulariidae, Hemigordiidae, and Glomospira, associated with the first Pachyphloia and Langella forms. Characteristic taxa of third assemblage from the Misellina (Brevaxina) dyhrenfurthi Zone are Geinitzinidae, Globivalvulina, Palaeotextulariidae, Glomospira, and rare Pachyphloia. The forth assemblage of Hemigordiidae, Pachyphloia, Palaeotextulariidae, Geinitzinidae, Pseudoagathammina is identified in the M. (Misellina) parvicostata Zone. The assemblages were compared with concurrent analogs from China, Japan, and Russia. New species and subspecies Glomospira paleograndis sp. nov., G. darvasica sp. nov., Agathammina darvasica sp. nov., Pachyphloia darvasica sp. nov., Nodosinelloides cubanicus elongatus subsp. nov., and Hemigordius saranensis darvasicus subsp. nov. are described.     

大地电磁测深在下扬子及邻区的应用

全面分析、对比了下扬子及邻区电性层与电性特征。下扬子盆地与周边构造单元的边界及接触关系的研究表明,下扬子盆地基本上为东西对冲结构,东与西均以推覆带形式相接触。建立了下扬子地区岩石圈的层块结构,其特点是各层系间在横向上为隆(薄块)坳(厚块)相间,纵向上为隆坳交替。发现了四条岩石圈级深大断裂,特别是大别—舟山断裂与滨海—桐庐隐伏深断裂是近期研究所得。首次编制出海相中—古生界残留厚度图,并发现了变质岩推覆带下海相中—古生界新领域及火山岩覆盖下海相中—古生界新领域,这些成果为下扬子地区寻找海相油气藏开辟了新的方向。