Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Newly Discovered Yangchongli Gold Deposit in Tongling Region, Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt

The newly discovered Yangchongli gold deposit is a unique independent gold deposit in the Tongling ore-cluster region controlled by the tectonic alteration firstly discovered in the Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt(LYMB). The host magmatic rocks mainly consist of monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircons dating yielded weighted mean ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages of 140.7 ± 1.8 Ma and 126.4 ± 1.2 Ma for the monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite, respectively. Monzodiorites are enriched in Sr, Ba, Rb, and depleted in Y, Yb with high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, similar to the geochemical features of adakite, considered as products of differentiation of mafic magmas originating from lithospheric mantle melt/fluids caused by metasomatism during paleo-Pacific Plate subduction in the Mesozic. In contrast, the compositions of K-feldspar granites are A-type granites, indicating an extensional tectonic background. Gold ores hosted in the fracture zone occurred as quartz vein within cataclastic rock. Sulfur and lead isotopes from pyrites show crust-mantle mixing characteristics. Metal components from strata also took part in the gold mineralization, and resulted from two episodes of magmatism that were probably related to tectonic transition from a compressive to an extensional setting between 140–126 Ma, which led to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in eastern China.     

湖北武汉地区志留系下红层的古鱼类化石及其生物古地理意义*

依据在湖北武汉古姆山志留系浅海红层中新发现的古鱼类化石,确证了兰多维列统特列奇阶下部红层——志留系下红层在鄂东南地区广泛存在,并在前人工作基础上对武汉地区原坟头组进行了重新厘定,将其一分为二,上部仍为坟头组,下部则称清水组。新厘定后的坟头组以黄绿色、灰绿色、灰黄色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩为主,富含腕足类、双壳类、腹足类、三叶虫和遗迹化石; 清水组下部以紫红色、红褐色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩为主,夹少量石英砂岩,上部以紫红色、黄绿色石英砂岩为主,夹泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩。在清水组上部新发现的鱼类化石包括盔甲鱼类锅顶山汉阳鱼(Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis)、意外洪山鱼(Hongshanaspis inexpectatus)、后棘江夏鱼(Jiangxialepis retrospina)及软骨鱼类中华棘鱼(Sinacanthus)、新中华棘鱼(Neosinacanthus)。这些新发现的古鱼均为张家界脊椎动物群温塘鱼类化石组合中的成员,其中,后棘江夏鱼可以跟产自江西武宁地区下红层清水组中的九江江夏鱼(J. jiujiangensis)直接对比,二者同属于真盔甲鱼目曙鱼科江夏鱼属,而曙鱼科成员则可以作为志留系下红层的标志性分子。根据鱼群面貌和地层层序,武汉地区的志留系下红层可以与皖、苏地区的侯家塘组、浙西北地区的唐家坞组、赣西北地区的清水组、湘西北地区的溶溪组以及新疆塔里木地区的塔塔埃尔塔格组进行很好的对比,其时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇期早期。华南板块志留系下红层的分布特征表明, 在特列奇期早期,上、下扬子海之间存在一狭长的浅海区域,这为盔甲鱼类在湖北武汉和江西武宁两地之间的扩散与交流提供了便利条件和可能。     

歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层地质成因

为了更好地预测区域内低阻油层分布,以岩心、室内试验数据及薄片资料为基础,对歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层的成因机理及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：研究区低阻油层成因机理主要包括低幅构造、复杂孔隙结构、黏土矿物附加导电性、砂泥岩薄互层、淡水水入侵及钻井液污染6个方面。低阻油层地质成因包括构造、沉积及成岩作用3个方面,明下段沉积时期频繁而强烈的断层活动导致原生油藏发生淡水水侵,同时形成低幅构造,导致低幅构造型低阻油藏发育。受可容空间与沉积物供给比值变化影响,研究区内发育砂泥薄互层型及复杂孔隙结构型低阻油层。早成岩阶段较弱的成岩作用导致研究区发育黏土矿物附加导电性及钻井液污染型低阻油层。受以上3种因素影响,歧南断阶带明下段地层中低阻油层主要发育于与断层相接的低幅构造区域内的弱水动力区。     

下扬子区二叠系烃源岩评价与生源环境

基于下扬子区海域-陆域钻井岩心和露头岩样, 通过有机岩石学和有机地球化学方法, 应用有效指标参数, 从不同维度综合分析下扬子区上二叠统大隆组、龙潭组和下二叠统孤峰组、栖霞组4套烃源岩在纵向及平面上的有机地球化学特征、生烃潜力和生源环境。根据测试数据及前人研究资料, 栖霞组和大隆组烃源岩的有机质丰度为中等-好级别, 龙潭组烃源岩的有机质丰度为一般-中等级别, 孤峰组烃源岩有机质丰度达到很好级别。下二叠统烃源岩有机质丰度在平面展布上表现出海域优于陆域的特点, 上二叠统则反之。根据干酪根碳同位素特征, 栖霞组烃源岩有机质类型最好, 为Ⅰ~Ⅱ型; 其他3套烃源岩均为Ⅱ~Ⅲ型母质类型。4套烃源岩成熟度参数镜质体反射率主频分布范围为1.3%~2.0%, 均达到高热演化阶段, 在平面展布上表现出明显的非均一性。二叠系4套烃源岩生物来源以低等水生生物为主, 有机质均在贫氧的弱还原-弱氧化条件下保存, 其中大隆组沉积的水体动荡频繁和生物变化较明显。综合认为, 下扬子区二叠系烃源岩有机质丰度高, 类型较好, 具有形成大型油气田的良好物质基础, 尤其是以往被忽略的孤峰组烃源岩评价等级被提高, 是一套潜在的优质烃源岩, 其对该区进一步的油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

贵州贵阳地区下三叠统凝缩段的遗迹化石特征

贵阳地区下三叠统是一个完整的碳酸盐岩层序(相当于三级旋回层序)。该层序中的凝缩段由深色薄层(单层厚0.5cm~1cm)的泥晶灰岩和泥质条带灰岩组成。凝缩段中产丰富的遗迹化石。该遗迹群落为:Cochlichnus,Cosmorhaphe,Chondrites,Gordia,Glockeria,Huaxich-nus,Oldhamia,Phycosiphon,Protopaleodictyon,Pinnatpedus,Mammillichnus,Neoneriles和生物扰动构造。遗迹化石组合与Nereites遗迹相相似。此外,文本还讨论了此遗迹群落的形成原因。     

扬子地块西南缘下震旦系火成岩系研究

研究区的天宝山组和苏雄组、开建桥组酸性、中酸性火山岩、火山碎屑岩同属下震旦系。它们及同期形成的花岗岩形成于后造山构造环境中,并非与裂谷活动有关。它们皆为S型,其源岩为太古界。     

重力驱动作用——滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积时期主要的搬运机制

通过对冀北滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积地层的实地考察,发现盆地内发育丰富的重力驱动作用沉积物。文中描述西瓜园组发育的滑动和滑塌现象,指出露头剖面中存在的挤压变形现象并非构造成因,而是由于滑动块体和滑塌块体前端的挤压应力环境造成的。在介绍西瓜园组重力流沉积发育环境的基础上,对露头中存在的若干重力流沉积进行了描述,并使用砂质碎屑流这一概念对这些现象进行了较为合理的成因解释。通过对滑动和滑塌(重力块体运动)和砂质碎屑流—浊流(重力流)沉积物研究,结合前人对该地区冲积扇—扇三角洲的研究成果,认为重力驱动作用是滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积时期主要的搬运机制。     

Early Ordovician (Floian) ostracods from the Cordillera Oriental,Northwest Argentina

The ostracod fauna from the Floian (Lower Ordovician) strata of the Cordillera Oriental, Argentina (Acoite Formation) are documented. One new genus Acoitella and four species are recognized, two of which are new (Nanopsis victoria sp. nov. and Conchoprimitia frequens sp. nov.). The diversity of the Early Ordovician ostracod faunas of the Central Andean Basin is evaluated. Compared with other regions, the ostracod diversity, at generic and specific level, of the Cordillera Oriental was comparatively high during the Tremadocian (nine species recorded) and comparatively low during the Floian (four species recorded). The taxonomic composition of the fauna is similar during the entire Early Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, where it displays a high percentage of soanellids. The Floian assemblages are characterized by the dominance of the eridostracan C. frequens sp. nov. with a high percentage of nondimorphic palaeocopids: Nanopsis and two genera of the Soanellidae family (Saltite and Acoitella gen nov.). An ostracod shell bed is described and interpreted to be a parautochthonous assemblage, as a result of transport within the same habitat. The composition of the fauna, with the presence of Saltite and Nanopsis, shows significant affinities with East Gondwana. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GIS-based determination of the mean long-term groundwater recharge in Lower Saxony

This paper presents the findings of a collaborative research project of the Geological Survey of Lower Saxony (NLfB) and the Programme Group Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (STE) of Research Centre Jülich on the GIS-based determination of the mean long-term groundwater recharge in Lower Saxony using high-resolution digital data (Dörhöfer and others 2001). The model calculations were performed on the basis of the water-balance model GROWA (Kunkel and Wendland 2002) with a spatial resolution of 100x100 m². The accuracy of the calculated groundwater recharge values for the period 1961–1990 was verified on the basis of data from gauging stations and displayed a good agreement between observed runoff values and model results.     

Comparative phylogeography of African rain forest trees: A review of genetic signatures of vegetation history in the Guineo-Congolian region

The biogeographic history of the African rain forests has been contentious. Phylogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of genetic lineages within species, can highlight the signatures of historical events affecting the demography and distribution of species (i.e. population fragmentation or size changes, range expansion/contraction) and, thereby, the ecosystems they belong to. The accumulation of recent data for African rain forests now enables a first biogeographic synthesis for the region. In this review, we explain which phylogeographic patterns are expected under different scenarios of past demographic change, and we give an overview of the patterns detected in African rain forest trees to discuss whether they support alternative hypotheses regarding the history of the African rain forest cover. The major genetic discontinuities in the region support the role of refugia during climatic oscillations, though not necessarily following the classically proposed scenarios. We identify in particular a genetic split between the North and the South of the Lower Guinean region. Finally we provide some perspectives for future study.