Primary Interpretation on Shorelines of Vanished Lop Nur Lake Using Multi-Source SAR Data

正Lop Nur is a huge vanished lake located at the east end of Tarim Basin,northwest of China and finally dried up before 70s.In history,Lop Nur was a large lake,rich production,beautiful scenery,and there were numerous     

罗布泊中更新世以来盐湖碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成及其古环境意义

罗布泊是欧亚大陆腹地塔里木盆地东端的典型内陆干盐湖,中更新世以来在其北部尤其罗北凹地发育了巨厚的蒸发岩沉积是对全球变冷和青藏高原隆升的积极响应。通过对罗北凹地第一口深钻LDK01孔蒸发岩系中203个样品的自生碳酸盐含量、碳氧同位素测试与分析,讨论了罗布泊中更新世以来的古环境演化特征。研究表明:(1)δ~(18) O和δ13 C协同正向演化,但在蒸发作用强烈的干旱封闭湖泊中,流域降蒸比(P/E)的变化对湖泊水体δ~(18) O影响最为显著;(2)δ~(18) O和δ13 C周期性波动震荡特征,反映干湿交替的环境以及周缘水体对罗北凹地的补给;(3)罗布泊湖盆干旱加剧演化可能并非只受全球变化单一因素驱动,而是全球气候变化和高原隆升共同作用的结果。     

The Impact of the Linked Factors of Provenance, Tectonics and Climate on Potash Formation: An Example from the Potash Deposits of Lop Nur Depression in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, Western China

Potash deposits commonly accumulate in highly restricted settings at the final stage of brine evaporation. This does not mean that potash deposits are formed simply as a result of the evaporation concentration of seawater or lake water, but rather as a coupling result of particular provenance, tectonics and climate activities. In this paper, we focus on the formative mechanism of the potash deposits of Lop Nur depression in Tarim Basin to interpret the detailed coupling mechanism among provenance, tectonics and climate. In terms of the provenance of Lop Nur Lake, the water of the Tarim River which displays “potassium-rich” characteristics play an important role. In addition, the Pliocene and Lower-Middle Pleistocene clastic beds surrounding Lop Nur Lake host a certain amount of soluble potassium and thus serves as “source beds” for potash formation. During the late Pliocene, the Lop Nur region has declined and evolved into a great lake from the previous piedmont and diluvial fan area. Since the mid Pleistocene, the great-united Lop Nur Lake has been separated and has generated a chain system consisting of Taitema Lake, Big Ear Lake and Luobei Lake which has turned into the deepest sag in Lop Nur Lake. Dry climate in Lop Nur region has increased since the Pliocene, and became extreme at the late Pleistocene. The study implies that potash formation in Lop Nur Lake depends on the optimal combination of extreme components of provenance, tectonics and climate during a shorter-term period. The optimal patterns of three factors are generally characterized by the long-term accumulation and preliminary enrichment of potassium, the occurrence of the deepest sub-depression and the appearance of an extremely arid climate in Lop Nur region. These factors have been interacting synergistically since the forming of the saline lake and in the later stages strong “vapor extraction” caused by extremely arid climate is needed to trigger large scale mineralization of potash deposits.     

内蒙古桃-阿海子的生境演替与水鸟群落的兴衰

桃力庙-阿拉善湾海子是内蒙古西部鄂尔多斯高原上一个水面曾为10 km2的荒漠咸水湖泊,因其在20世纪90年代承载了遗鸥最大繁殖群,于2002年被认定为全球第1148号国际重要湿地。随后,干旱少雨加之严重的人为干扰使桃-阿海子趋于干涸,遗鸥繁殖群于2004年放弃该地点而迁居他地,2005年当地水鸟群落彻底消失。数年后,桃-阿海子干涸湖底发育起碱蓬群落。自2011年蓑羽鹤在其间营巢繁殖,且数量逐年增多,并出现蓑羽鹤非繁殖群在此停歇与栖居。在鄂尔多斯高原东部已干涸的湖泊中,桃-阿海子是唯一一处在其湖底碱蓬群落发育后进而成为大型鸟类繁殖与栖息生境的地点,它将以何种方式演替值得关注。     

罗布泊地下卤水中幔源稀有气体及其意义

采集于塔里木盆地东部罗布泊地区的地下卤水中稀有气体具有高于大气的值,显示出有高3He/4He值源区流体的贡献。这揭示了该区域深部存在壳-幔流体相互作用,深部地幔流体可能沿活动构造断裂带(比如阿尔金断裂带)上涌。其卤水释出气的4He/20Ne比值在0.572～2.105,略高于大气值至7倍于大气值,这表明罗布泊的地下卤水对大气是比较开放的,即受到近地表流体或大气的混染。同时,采集于塔里木盆地北缘库车盆地(又叫库车坳陷)的2件样品具有远低于大气的R值,其4He/20Ne比值为585.3～84.8,是大气值的数百倍,说明该区地下卤水源自于构造稳定的深部地壳,近地表流体对卤水的改造不明显而没有强烈地改变其R值。样品的40Ar/36Ar比值均接近于大气值(295.5),这揭示了近地表流体参与了源区卤水的运移与改造,只是库车盆地地下卤水受到近地表流体改造的程度较低。如果扣除大气(来自浅层流体)的混染,那么罗布泊地下卤水的R值将会比实际检测到的值更高,这进一步揭示了地幔流体参与了罗布泊地下卤水的形成演化。中国西北地区具有地壳厚、盆地长期稳定的特点,因此地幔流体活动不易出露于地表,但地幔流体所携带的地幔物源和热源会通过断裂带而影响地壳流体的特征。     

高盐度地下水~(14)C测年样品采集技术探讨

高盐度地下水 (卤水 ) 14 C样品采集是同位素水文地质界的一个难题。罗布泊钾矿区卤水的化学组成特征是 :平均矿化度为 35 3.5 g/L ,SO2 -4的质量浓度 4 4 .0 3g/L ,HCO-3 的质量浓度为0 .2 71g/L。为此 ,文中借鉴一般地下水 (淡水或微咸水 ) 14 C样品的采集原理 ,设计出一套真空取样装置。其操作步骤是 ,首先通过调节卤水的 pH值 ,使得水中的无机碳以CO2 气体的形式溢出 ,然后 ,导入装有NaOH与BaCl2 混合溶液的样品瓶中 ,在野外获得高盐度卤水14 C测年样品。罗布泊卤水测试结果表明 ,这一流程有效地解决了硫酸盐干扰问题 ,卤水14 C样品质量可靠。该技术可为高盐度地下水测年提供有效手段 ,对低盐度地下水14 C取样也具有重要的推广使用价值。     

Some new progress in scientific research on the Lop Nur Lake region, Xinjiang, China

The Lop Nur Lake, a famous lake in the arid areas of China, is located in the communi-cations center of the ancient Silk Road which facilitated the flow of culture between China andWestern countries and enjoyed the great reputation in the ancient history of China. Since the re-cent 100 years, some Chinese and foreign scholars have explored and investigated here, they,however, could not get to the hinterland of the lake basin due to the hard and dangerous roads.Therefore, there are many divergences and controversies about the Lop Nur Lake region[1'2]. Inorder to clarify these issues, know the usable natural resources and sum up the historical experi-ences and lessons of dry-up of the Lop Nur Lake, a scientific investigation team was organized byXinjiang Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to carry out the investigation and researchabout the Lop Nur Lake region in the 1980s. Recently, some personnel from CCTV and other in-stitutions went to the lower reaches of the Tarim River and the Lop Nur Lake region to undertakethe research for coordinating the strategic decision of the Great Development of Western Chinaand the synthetic harnessing of the Tarim River, and a series of achievements in scientific researchhave been achieved.     

罗布泊钾盐矿区供水方向初探

罗布泊钾盐矿区地处气候极端干旱的塔里木盆地东部 ,区域范围内水资源极为贫乏。然而 ,开发生产钾盐的基本条件之一是就近寻找和开采地下水资源。罗布泊钾盐矿区及其周围区域地下水资源的分布特点和水质特点的分析表明 ,罗北洼地首采区以东约 90km的阿其克谷地是最具有远景的地区 ,初步估算地下水补给量达 1 4× 10 8m3 /a。     

罗布泊第四纪含盐系成岩作用特征研究

依据大量钻孔岩心与薄片的详细观察描述,对罗布泊罗北凹地第四纪含盐系盐层及储卤盐层的成岩作用变化进行深入研究。发现含盐系盐层内广泛出现各种成岩变化,主要是压榨作用、溶蚀作用、重结晶作用、交代作用、胶结作用及断裂构造作用等。它们对地层储集卤水能力产生巨大影响。这些成岩作用与晶间流体的活动有密切关系。同时引入“成岩作用相”的概念,探讨其在富钾卤水资源评价上的作用和意义。     

新疆罗布泊第四纪盐湖上升卤水流体及其成钾意义

野外调查发现，新疆罗布泊罗北凹地等干盐湖地表分布有众多的流体上升或上涌通道，其形状特征呈“垂直的孔洞”、“泥火山口”、“枣状小坑”及“粘附沙丘”等。研究认为，地下卤水流体过去和现在正是通过这些通道上升，至地表排泄或进入盐湖水体及沉积物中；这些地下流体主要源于深部地层水和大气循环水等；上升流体补给罗布泊的罗北凹地等次级盐湖，为钾盐成矿提供重要的物质基础，并导致钙芒硝的大量沉积，促进了盐类沉积物的成岩过程。同时，上升流体的补给还在罗布泊盐湖区近地表处产生了固体钾盐矿的沉积。