圆弧状多层沉积谷地在平面SV波入射下的动力响应

利用波函数的Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,推导出了含任意多个圆弧状沉积层的谷地在平面SV波入射下稳态动力响应的解析解,并分析了该级数形式的解析解随着截断项数的收敛问题.其结果表明,该级数解能够在一个非常宽的频带范围内收敛;通过在简化条件下与现有其他解析解的比较,验证了该解析解的正确性;并利用该解析解,以稳态地面运动的位移幅值和相位差为基本参数,在一个较宽的频带范围内讨论了谷地中沉积介质的成层性对地面运动的影响,其结果表明对于多层谷地而言,当入射波频率较高时,散射波之间的干涉显著并且出现了能量聚焦现象.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘边界带构造样式及其区域构造意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘是一条燕山运动期形成的、复杂的构造——地貌边界带,由离石断裂和晋陕挠褶带组成。基于野外观察和构造测量资料,本文论述了该边界带分段特征及断裂构造样式,利用断层滑动矢量资料反演古构造应力方向,建立了侏罗纪—白垩纪构造应力场演化序列。结果表明,该边界带发育3类断裂构造样式:反冲断裂、上盘断坡褶皱和盖层滑脱。根据地表构造样式推断,该边界带构造组成了山西断隆深部由东向西扩展的断坪—断坡式拆离系统的前缘反冲构造或上盘断坡。沿边界带发育挤压破碎带和构造透镜体。断层运动学分析结果展示了多向挤压应力作用,挤压应力方向为W—E、NW—SE和NE—SW向。该边界带的分段构造样式和应力作用方向记录了晚侏罗世燕山运动时期华北地区陆内挤压变形特征,为研究燕山运动时期古太平洋板块向东亚大陆俯冲产生的远程效应和华北陆内构造变形动力学提供重要的构造地质学依据。     

Platform Evolution in an Oligo–Miocene Back-arc Basin: An Example from the Central Iran Basin

The Qom Formation is the most important hydrocarbon reservoir target in Central Iran. The Qom platform developed in a back-arc basin during the Oligo–Miocene due to the closing of the Tethyan Seaway. This formation consists of a variety of carbonate and non-carbonate facies deposited on a platform ranging from supratidal to basin. A combination of tectonic and eustatic events led to some lateral and vertical facies variations in the study area. Six third-order depositional sequences and related surfaces were identified regarding vertical facies changes in the studied sections of this Oligo–Miocene succession. According to all results and data, this succession was initially deposited during the Chattian upon a distally steepened ramp of siliciclastic-carbonate composition, including the Bouma sequence. Then, from the late Chattian to the Aquitanian, the platform changed into a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle profile. With respect to tectonic activity, this phase was a calm period during the deposition of the Qom Formation. Finally, a drowned carbonate platform and a rimmed shelf emerged during the Burdigalian, terminated by the continental deposits of the Upper Red Formation. Regarding all geological characteristics, three main tectono-eustatic evolutionary phases have been recognized in the Qom back-arc basin.     

世界名河及其流域开放开发的国际经验

世界名河及其流域自然条件千差万别,其开放开发的空间模式各异,选择最具社会经济特色和分别代表某一开放开发类型的世界四大名河－密西西北河、圣劳伦斯河、亚马逊河和尼罗河,对其流域背景及开发战略进行了比较研究,旨在为我国大江大河及其流域的开放琥发提供借鉴。     

Palaeosols and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Permian Abo Member,south‐central New Mexico,USA

The relationship between palaeosols and sequence stratigraphy is tested in the Lower Permian Abo Member, south‐central New Mexico, by comparing interfluve and fluvial‐terrace palaeosols with palaeosols that developed within lowstand‐fluvial deposits. Interfluve and fluvial‐terrace palaeosols consist of primary pedogenic features, including vertical root traces, vertic structures, Stage II and III pedogenic calcite and translocated clay (argillans), which are cross‐cut or replaced by low‐aluminium goethite, gley colour mottling, sparry calcite veins and ankerite. The polygenetic character of the palaeosols is consistent with initial development for several thousand to tens of thousands of years on well‐drained interfluves or fluvial terraces, followed by waterlogging due to invasion by a rising water table that locally may have been brackish. In contrast, lowstand‐fluvial sediment that filled incised valleys contains only rooted and vertic palaeosols, whose immaturity resulted from high aggradation rates. Palaeosols similar to those in the Abo Member have been recognized in other ancient strata and, when combined with high‐resolution correlation, provide evidence for interpretation of sequence‐stratigraphic surfaces and systems tracts.     

苏通大桥南引桥场地土层地震反应的数值分析

针对苏通引桥建设的实际背景和软弱地基的特点,利用二维有限元整体分析法,对其场地进行了地震反应数值分析。采用等效线性化模型描述土的非线性性质,研究了基岩在一致输入及采用不同行波输入下的场地地震反应特点。计算结果表明,不同的行波速度和行波输入方向,对地表加速度以及相对位移的峰值和相位均有不同程度的影响,对于重要结构来说进行多点地震波输入下的地震反应分析,有助于科学合理地确定结构的地震动输入模式。     

大型河谷场地地震动特性研究

采用有限差分方法,通过算例研究了大型河谷场地地震动特性分析中的人工边界的选取方法,对比分析了不同人工边界的选取对数值模拟结果的影响,确定了散射场地震反应分析输入边界的地震动输入方法,认为在进行有限差分动力计算时,模型两侧施加自由场边界的模拟效果要优于两侧施加粘性边界的模拟效果;同时,对FLAC计算软件进行二次开发,对2个地形差异较大的河谷场地,采用线性和非线性摩尔-库仑模型进行了地震反应对比分析,研究了河谷场地地震动幅值和频谱特性随地形变化的规律。模拟数据表明,河谷场地谷底处地震动基本无放大作用,地势凸起处放大作用则较为明显;当考虑土体非线性时,随着地震动强度的增加,放大作用逐渐减小;谱分析结果表明,地势凸起处受高频地震动的影响显著,而地势平坦的谷底则受低频地震动的影响显著。     

云南元谋盆地距今210-120 ka间干热气候变化重建

元谋盆地西侧浪巴铺湖相沉积物(厚27 m)ESR年代测定结果显示,浪巴铺古湖存在于距今216±20 ka至122±10 ka,经历了倒数第二次间冰期末期、倒数第二次冰期以及末次间冰期初期.结合粒度、磁化率和孢粉等数据,重建了元谋地区距今216±20 ka至122±10 ka期间的气候变化历史:距今216 ～ 185 ka期间,孢粉平均浓度为全剖面最高,出现了喜高温的苏铁科和栲属植物以及指示湿润环境的莎草科植被,表明这段时期气候相对湿热,对应倒数第二次间冰期晚期;距今185 ～150 ka期间,孢粉浓度迅速降低,1050 cm深处(距今160 ka)孢粉浓度只有8.67粒/100 g,对应倒数第二次冰期盛冰期;距今150 ～122 ka期间出现数层砂砾石层,草本植物比例增加,气温回升,降水减少,湖泊面积缩小直至消失,气候干热趋势显著.考虑到浪巴铺古湖沉积物样品平均孢粉浓度只有34.35粒/100g,认为至少在倒数第二次冰期之前,元谋盆地气候的干旱特征已经十分显著,植被稀疏,末次间冰期以来,气候的干热特征已与现代基本相同.     

四川螺髻山清水沟冰川槽谷演化及其影响因素

螺髻山地处青藏高原东南缘,是确切存在第四纪古冰川遗迹的典型山地之一,该区冰川地貌演化对于研究环境变化具有重要的科学意义。螺髻山东坡清水沟保存两套古冰川槽谷,分别为上槽谷和下槽谷,其中下槽谷保存完整,而上槽谷在3450~3600 m的阴坡部分出现缺失。采用野外地貌调查与模型分析相结合的方法,对冰川槽谷地貌进行分析,结果表明:清水沟槽谷的抛物线模型中,|A|值在1.3101~15.2064 之间变动,B 值变化于0.9695~3.2965 之间,且随着海拔由高到低,都存在着先变小后变大的规律,A、B值同时反映出在海拔3450~3600 m处冰川槽谷的演化不符合常态。分析认为岩性差异和河流溯源侵蚀是影响上槽谷形态的主要原因。对保存在清水沟上下槽谷内的高、低侧碛进行ESR年代测定,结果显示:高侧碛形成于58-84 ka BP左右的末次冰期早期,对应深海氧同位素4 阶段(MIS4);低侧碛形成于13-17 ka BP,属于于全球末次冰盛期晚期的产物。两次冰川作用分别塑造出两套冰川槽谷,即在末次冰期早期冰川作用形成上槽谷,末次冰期晚期形成下槽谷。     

Thrust Ramp Geometry and Spurious Rotations of Paleomagnetic Vectors

Interaction of deformation axes during pure translation of a hanging-wall over a footwall composed by frontal and oblique ramps is carefully evaluated together with the evolution of associated paleomagnetic vectors. Four different cases are distinguished on the basis of the deflection on the paleomagnetic vectors when the bedding correction is applied during the restoration process. Two cases (frontal and oblique ramp without mutual interaction) do not produce any deflection. But two cases in the transition zone between both ramps will undergo non-coaxial axis of tilting during progressive deformation. One of them will produce spurious rotation if the bedding correction is applied. These errors will affect the oroclinal bending diagram as well as the fold test producing an apparent oroclinality and an apparent syn-folding magnetization respectively. A well-known geometry and kinematics of the thrust system is needed to properly restore the beds (and vectors) and to avoid the spurious rotations and its collateral effects in paleomagnetic investigations. A paleomagnetic study in the Pyrenean External Sierras is shown as an example. Primary Eocene vectors underwent a clockwise rotation (40° about) during the emplacement of the South Pyrenean sole thrust, however the Rasal-Gabardiella system of oblique ramps display spurious rotations ranging from –8° up to 13° if the inappropriate bedding correction is performed.