Relationship between faults and generation of inland shallow earthquakes: enlightenment of the M=7.2 southern Hyogo prefecture earthquake

The M=7.2 southern Hyogo prefecture earthquake, which occurred on January 17, 1995, destroyed the region severely. Further researches are necessary to explain the problems obtained from this earthquake. We have discussed some characteristics correlating with this earthquake, such as distribution of aftershocks and disaster, relationship between fault and generation of inland shallow earthquakes, strong motion and so on. The tectonic movements of surface faults may be different from those of deep faults. Earthquakes may not be restricted directly by the tectonic movements of surface faults. The strong motion zone is often appeared in the region a little away from the both ends or from the single side of a fault instead of the region of a focal fault. Some mechanisms of strong motion have also been discussed.     

Relocation of shallow earthquakes in southern Alaska using Joint Hypocenter Determination method

A subset of 2660 shallow earthquakes (0–50 km) that occurred from 1988 to 1996 in south central Alaska between 155°W and 145°W and 59°N and 63°N was relocated using the joint hypocenter determination (JHD) method. Both P- and S-wave observations recorded by the regional seismic network were used. Events were relocated in twenty different groups based on their geographic location and depth using two velocity models. As a result of the relocation, the majority of the hypocenters shifted downward, while the epicenter locations did not change significantly. The distribution of the shallow subduction zone earthquakes indicates the existence of two seismically independent blocks, with one block occupying the northeastern part and the other occupying the central and western parts of the study area. The boundary between the blocks is marked by a 15 to 20 km wide seismicity gap to the southeast of 149.5°W and 62°N. The analysis of the fault plane solutions for shallow subduction zone earthquakes shows that an overwhelming majority of the solutions represent normal, oblique-normal or strike-slip faulting with predominant WNW-ESE orientation of T-axes. This indicates a down-dip extensional regime for the subducting slab at shallow depths. Very few earthquakes yielded fault plane solutions consistent with thrusting on a contact zone between the overriding and subducting plates. This result may be an indication that currently either the strain energy is not released at the contact zone or it is associated with aseismic motion.     

Post-collisional volcanism in a sinking slab setting—crustal anatectic origin of pyroxene-andesite magma, Caldear Volcanic Group, Neogene Alborán volcanic province, southeastern Spain

Caldear Volcanic Group (CVG), a stratigraphically well defined, calc-alkaline rock complex within S^a de Gata in the eastern part of the Alpine Betic mountain chain, S Spain, consists of three distinct formations: Hernández pyroxene andesites, Bujo hornblende-bearing pyroxene andesites and Viuda hornblende-bearing pyroxene dacites–rhyolites. The letter rock formation may have developed through crystal fractionation of mainly plagioclase and pyroxenes, however there is no direct relation between two formations. CVG has a domainal structure with a northeastern domain where Hernández formation is overlain by Bujo formation while Viuda formation is absent, and a southwestern domain where Viuda formation forms the only fractionate after Hernández formation. Hernández parent magma is thought generated through crustal anatexis by dehydration melting of a predominantly amphibolitic source rock complex which was formed by metamorphism from c. 500 Ma volcano-sedimentary parent material. The domainal structure of CVG is explained by compositional variation within this protogenetic complex. Single crystal U–Pb ages of c. 500 Ma to 1800 Ma for inherited zircon support the presence of clastic material of Proterozoic derivation within the original volcano-sedimentary complex. Regional study of syn-collisional rock formations (Alpine nappe complexes) indicate that the collisional tectonic stage in the Betic-Rif orogenic belt took place rather early (25–30 Ma?) and was followed by a stage of rapid regional rock uplift, fast cooling (c. 500°C/my) and extensional tectonics in the period 22–17 Ma. This later tectonic stage was set into motion by slab break-off which set the stage for a high temperature regime in the overlying lithosphere, providing the framework for the crustal melting and magma production responsible for the calc-alkaline rocks of Alborán volcanic province. Miocene zircon with ages ranging from c. 17 to 11 Ma indicate a rather protracted magmatic development prior to eruption at c. 11 Ma. Post-collisional character of Caldear Volcanic Group thus seems well established.     

湘赣边区NNE向走滑断裂-流体-铀成矿动力学分析

以湘赣边区ＮＮＥ向走滑断裂系统构造解析及其演化和动力学分析为主线,结合含矿流体的运动学过程研究,进行热液铀成矿动力学分析,以探讨成矿作用的动力来源、作用机制和演化过程。     

“三江”哀牢山带蛇绿岩特征研究

哀牢山带蛇绿岩由变质橄榄岩、堆晶杂岩和基性熔岩组成。其中二辉橄榄岩近似原始地幔岩,方辉橄榄岩为残留地幔岩。辉长岩－辉绿岩－辉石玄武岩系列及辉石岩－辉长闪长岩－钠长玄武岩－苦橄玄武岩系列分别为原始二辉橄榄岩经部分熔融产生的拉斑玄武岩浆及苦橄玄武岩浆结晶或结晶分异演化而成;前者具有洋脊玄武岩特征,后者具有准洋脊玄武岩特征,它们形成于大洋中脊环境。其形成时代不晚于早石炭世（Ｃ１）,侵位在晚三叠世一碗水组（Ｔ３ｙ）之前。     

断层封闭性研究进展

对断层封闭性的研究现状进行了总结,概述了断层封闭性理论机理,影响因素和评价方法,对其中存在的一些问题如封闭机理及与有关的评价方法,构造反转与断层封闭的关系以及断层封闭性的三维研究问题进行了讨论。     

新疆可可塔勒铅锌成矿带成矿规律

阿尔泰山南缘可可塔勒铅锌成矿带主要由麦兹、克兰、冲乎尔 3个泥盆纪含矿火山沉积盆地组成 ,产于陆缘裂谷带内侧 (近陆一侧 ) ,下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组流纹—英安质火山沉积建造是主含矿层位。按特征矿物组合的不同可分为块状硫化物型、磁铁硫化物型和萤石方铅矿型 3个矿化类型。含矿盆地中规模较大的矿床产于断陷深度大、火山活动强烈的次级火山洼地中。铅锌矿化空间上具有南北分带、东西分区的分布规律性 ,时间上具有较明显的演化性 ,由早到晚 (层位自下而上 )典型的演化序列为 :Fe→ Fe、Pb、Zn→ Pb、Zn、Ag→Pb、Ag( F,Ba)。不同级别的构造控制了不同级别的矿化 ,构成了构造控矿系列     

地震折射和反射波联合勘探在桥址区工程勘察中的应用

用浅层地震折射和反射联合勘探方法在京—沪高速公路沭河桥址区进行隐伏断层和层位划分探测试验。试验是在宽约300m的水面上进行的,采用ES-2401高分辨率数字地震仪和“五小二高”的工作方法,综合利用折射和反射波信息,提高地质推断解释的可靠性,探测试验取得了良好的效果。     

Ray equation migration of wide-angle reflections in Dabie orogenic zone

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小江断裂带中段晚新生代构造盆地演化阶段

小江断裂带中段的盆地可以划分三个阶段,即Ｎ２－Ｑ１,Ｑ２末－Ｑ３初和Ｑ３－Ｑ４。这些盆地受小江断裂带左旋走滑运动控制。