富源刺托洞旧石器遗址初探

富源刺托洞的旧石器文化是适应岩溶地貌发育环境的产物,形成以小型石片、刮削器为主体的石器工业;当时的气候总体上是在热带、亚热带气候至暖温带之间波动,形成的动物群为非典型的大熊猫-剑齿象动物群(Ailuroooda-Stegodon fauna)可与晚更新世的柳江动物群(西畴动物群)对比;遗址时代为晚更新世,地质年龄测定(14C)＞4×104a.     

褒禅山华阳洞的形成机理及保护意义

褒禅山华阳洞主体发育于二叠系栖霞组灰岩中,是含山地区重要的地质遗迹之一。笔者从区域地质演化过程入手,针对岩溶洞穴发育的物质基础、局部构造条件、水流的定向溶蚀及新构造运动等方面进行综合研究,简要分析了华阳洞的形成机理,并从地学研究、旅游价值等方面阐述了对其保护的重要意义。     

Preliminary investigation of Late Pleistocene fauna from Ryonggok Cave No. 1, Sangwon County,North Hwanghae Province,Democratic People's Republic of Korea

The investigation of a limestone cave on the Ryonggok-ri of Sangwon County, North Hwanghae Province, DPRK, has yielded many faunal remains including Late Pleistocene deer, brown bears and horses. Uranium series dating of fossil teeth yielded dates of ~72ka at the base of Layer 2 – the bone-bearing unit – and ~44ka at the top. The rich and diverse mammal remains of Ryonggok Cave No. 1 are indicative of warm and humid temperate conditions during the Late Pleistocene, and reflect the presence of both dense forests and open grassland. In addition, pollen and spores from the site include two families and 24 genera of trees, six families and a genus of grasses and herbs, and two families and six genera of ferns, corroborating the environments inferred from the faunal remains.     

Legal protection for caves in the United States

This study reviews significant state and federal laws that can be used to protect karst, caves, and associated unique minerals and biota. The first state cave protection act was passed in Colorado in 1883; unfortunately it was repealed in 1971. From that modest beginning there are now a total of 22 states, Puerto Rico, and the Cherokee Nation that have specific cave protection acts. Most of these have been legislated during the last 20 years. There are a number of laws on the federal level that can be used for cave protection. The most important of these is the Federal Cave Resources Protection Act of 1988, which mandates cave conservation for many federal land management agencies. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 and the Federal Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1976 can also be of significant use in the conservation of caves on federal land. The effects of these acts are variable. One factor is how important agency officials and law enforcement officers regard caves. It has not been unusual that little was done in the way of protection or prosecution even when the perpetrators have been apprehended. This attitude is changing rapidly primarily because those involved in enforcing the laws have been educated to the uniqueness and values of caves and their contents.     

Influences of agricultural practices on water quality of Tumbling Creek cave stream in Taney County,Missouri

Influences of agricultural practices on water quality of the Tumbling Creek cave stream are of particular interest because of the karst nature of the area and the recent implementation of a Better Management Practice (BMP). Water quality parameters, measured bi-weekly during one year, consisted of pH, turbidity, water temperature, specific conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and chloride. Heavy metals, nutrient and bacteria levels were also monitored during the study. Effects of land use were most obvious in turbidity, nitrate, chloride, and bacteria levels. Sites within the recharge area that pose a major threat to its water quality were identified. Results provide a baseline for these water quality parameters and their seasonal variability that can be used in future studies to address the effects of water quality and stream sediment contamination on the caves ecosystem and to determine the effectiveness of the BMP implemented in this karst area.     

Chemistry of waters from selected caves in Slovakia—a reconnaissance study

The chemical composition of water samples was studied from different caves in Slovakia. The water samples were collected from caves of two karst regions: (1) the Demänovský Cave System (DCS), situated in the Low Tatra Mountains (Northern Slovakia), which is mainly formed of limestone and dolomites; and (2) the Slovakian Karst to the Southeast is formed of limestone. A considerable difference between water from the two regions was shown. The waters from the DCS, that were controlled by vadose water percolating through different types of host rocks, contained more Mg ions than those from the Slovakian Karst caves whereas, the concentration of SO₄ was controlled by the dissolution of displacive gypsum and/or oxidation of pyrite. The distribution of NO₃ in the studied samples was random, hence nitrates probably derived from few pollution sources. The total mineralization of the water was covariant with calcite and aragonite saturation indices. In general, both parameters are higher in the Slovakian Karst caves than in the DCS. It is controlled probably by differences in climatic conditions, soil and plant covers between these two regions. The main goal of this article is to characterize the major-ion water chemistry within the studied caves as well as some microelements. The results have confirmed the dominant role of the bedrock petrography in forming the general chemistry of cave waters.     

龙岩龙崆洞岩溶地质特征及景点成因浅析

闽西龙岩龙崆洞风景区地下岩溶发育，6层水平溶洞与竖洞、斜洞纵横相接，总面积5．4×104m2。景区有大小景点百余处，其成因以碳酸盐岩岩溶为主，兼有花岗岩山岳地貌及动植物景观。     

北京猿人洞穴堆积气候地层的重新划分与对比

周口店第一地点洞穴四十余米厚的堆积层自下而上共分为 17层 ,新近测量的年代推前了近 2 0 0 ka。对堆积层所含哺乳动物化石和孢粉资料进行聚类统计和因子分析 ,结合风化系数和微量元素含量等古气候代用指标 ,重新定量地描绘它所记录的古气候波动旋回。根据第 2层 TIMS测年为 410 ka B.P.,第 14层上部是磁性地层测量的B/ M界线 ,可以将该洞穴堆积层 1— 14层对比于深海岩心 δ1 8O气候曲线的 11— 19段或中国黄土—古土壤序列S4— S7,并且古气候旋回内的次级波动也可进行一定程度的对比。     

云南喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地生命周期调控机制研究

喀斯特洞穴是一种特殊的旅游资源，具有地域上的普遍性、共性大，独特性小、空间竞争替代性强、开发后资源本身变化大等方面的特征。同时，喀斯特洞穴又具有特殊的旅游生命周期，往往没有探查阶段和参与阶段，直接进入发展阶段。因此，以Butler旅游地生命周期理论为支撑，通过实地调查，对喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地的生命周期进行详细研究，并结合典型案例分析，编制喀斯特洞穴旅游地生命周期曲线，分析影响曲线的因子，提出调控喀斯特洞穴旅游地生命周期的途径和方法，将对喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地的开发具有重要的指导意义。     

2016年7月19日新疆MS 4.5级地震乌什地震台形变异常

利用乌什台数字化前兆形变观测资料,分析乌什M_S 4.5级地震前乌什台水管倾斜仪、洞体应变仪数据变化情况。通过对比分析发现:地震前,洞体应变仪北南分量数据曲线正常,东西分量数据曲线加速拉张,05:14-20:32拉张幅度达到7.40×10-7,7月19日5时至20日16时乌什洞体应变仪东西分量快速拉张了9.20×10-7;7月19日5-19时,水管倾斜仪北南分量数据曲线正常,东西分量数据曲线反向西倾7.13ms,且05:59-06:06、07:36-07:46、18:42-18:56数据掉格,水管倾斜仪异常结束后1小时,在洞体应变仪异常过程中发生了乌什M_S 4.5级地震。水管仪东西分量震前反向西倾,洞体应变仪东西分量震前拉张加速,短临异常明显,且2套形变观测震前异常时间同步性较好。