渤海海域深层低孔渗油气藏成因机制分析——以渤中1&2区块为例

渤海深层油气藏勘探潜力大,随着渤海勘探的深入,深层低孔渗油气藏已成为渤海勘探的必然选择。而深层低孔渗油气藏在成因类型和成藏机制上明显不同于先前的构造类油气藏。以渤中12区块为例,对其深层低孔渗油气藏成因机制进行深入剖析。研究表明,研究区深层低孔渗油气藏为先致密后成藏。根据深层成藏力平衡机制和浮力成藏下限理论,主要为以浮力运移动力为主的常规油气藏,以及以分子膨胀力为主的深盆致密油气藏,是两种不同成因机制的油气藏叠加在一起组成的复合油气藏。晚期原油两期充注成藏加之晚期碳酸盐胶结作用,导致古油藏的存在。先期原油的排酸作用,异常超压带虽然碳酸盐含量高,但是粒度较粗砂体碳酸盐胶结物含量较少,且颗粒溶孔也比较发育,另外超压使压实受抑制,原生孔隙得以保存,这都是深部致密带出现"甜点"的原因。研究成果对指导渤海深层勘探,拓展勘探领域有一定的借鉴意义。     

The impact of OAE 1a on marine biota deciphered by size variations of coccoliths

The early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a; ∼120 Ma) was caused by a global perturbation of the Early Cretaceous climate. It supposedly affected the composition of the marine biosphere, including the primary producers. This study aims at using the size evolution of three species of coccolithophores (Biscutum constans, Zeugrhabdotus erectus and Watznaueria barnesiae) for better understanding the impact of the OAE 1a on primary producers. A total of 30 samples derived from three sites, which cover the upper Barremian–lower Aptian interval, have been analyzed from the North Sea and the Lower Saxony Basin. The sections expose near-shore and shallow marine sediments.The measured data of B. constans and Z. erectus are characterized by a size decrease synchronous to the negative carbon isotope excursion. This size reduction marks the early phase of the OAE 1a, more precisely the carbon isotope segment C3. Coccolith sizes recover to pre-OAE 1a values in the aftermath of this brief interval. The short termed size reduction is seen as a reaction of specific nannofossil taxa to an increase in humidity during the early phase of OAE 1a. Due to high weathering rates and a substantial run-off, the amount of detrital material transported into the marine system increased significantly. Consequently light availability diminished in the surface waters, causing habitat changes for the photoautotrophic primary producers. Light-sensitive species like B. constans and Z. erectus adjusted by forming smaller skeletons, thereby reducing their size. This strategy allowed for dwelling in shallower water depth and thus compensated for the decrease in sun light. The sizes of W. barnesiae in contrast remain stable throughout the entire OAE 1a interval. W. barnesiae was not affected by these environmental shifts and is thus interpreted as being robust with respect to changes of the sun light.     

松辽盆地海侵事件——松科1井钙质超微化石新证据

松辽盆地作为中国最大的陆相含油气盆地,是否发生过海水侵入一直存在争议,化石能为该科学问题提供直接解释。在松科1井嫩江组一、二段发现了少量的钙质超微化石,初步鉴定出Calculites obscurus,Calculites ovalis,Quadrum sp.,Micula sp.等属种。上述钙质超微化石广泛分布于晚白垩世海相地层中,通过与国际标准海相化石的对比,将嫩江组一段中、下部的时代限定为Turonian晚期—Maastrichtian期。松辽盆地嫩江组一、二段下部的钙质超微化石保存总体一般,有一定的多样性,具有海相钙质超微化石的特征。松科1井钙质超微化石的分布、古生态及其与有孔虫化石的对应关系表明,松辽盆地嫩江组一段中-下部、二段下部沉积期湖泊水域广阔,全球海平面较高,间歇性的海水侵入事件导致西北太平洋中的钙质超微浮游生物和有孔虫等海洋生物被带入松辽盆地。     

四种卤代PTP1B抑制剂的化学合成及其活性研究

从松节藻中分离的含卤素化合物表现出显著PTP1B抑制活性。其中BPN效果最佳。为研究BPN侧链基团极性对其抑制活性的影响,本文以香兰素(1)为起始原料,经过溴代、氧化、还原、傅克烷基化以及酯化等反应,成功合成了新化合物2,3-二溴-1-(2-溴-3,4-二甲氧基-6-((4-硝基苯氧基)甲基)苯甲基)-4,5-二甲氧基苯(10)、4-((3-溴-2-(2,3-二溴-4,5-二甲氧基苄基)-4,5-二甲氧基苄基)醚)苯胺(11)、4-((3-溴-2-(2,3-二溴-4,5-二甲氧基苄基)-4,5-二甲氧基苄基)醚)-4-乙酰乙酸(12)和3-溴-2-(2,3-二溴-4,5-二甲氧基苄基)-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛肟(14)。通过1 H-NMR,13C-NMR等方法对目标产物进行了结构表征。并对化合物进行了PTP1B酶抑制活性的测定,结果表明化合物侧链极性对PTP1B酶抑制活性有显著影响。     

稀疏反演求解基追踪降噪问题的地震谱分解方法

谱分解描述为一线性反演问题,由于该问题欠定性,需使用稀疏反演算法,然后将该问题转化为基追踪降噪问题(BPDN),引入谱投影梯度(SPGL1)稀疏反演算法提高反演谱分解(ISD)分辨率,并进一步研究其潜在优势。结果表明:基于基追踪降噪问题的反演谱分解方法 (ISD-BPDN)在烃类检测中有更高的时频分辨率,分层更准确,精细地指示了烃类的存在。     

Physiological response to high temperature in the Tropical Eastern Pacific coral Pocillopora verrucosa

The ecological and economic values of coral reef communities have encouraged efforts to implement periodic visual survey programs to secure their conservation. To date, visual monitoring‐based approaches have detected bleaching events weeks or months after the initial onset. An evaluation of the stress response of coral colonies, as well as their ability to resist and recover from the stress events, may increase our understanding of the physiological processes underling the stress and/or acclimation responses. Coral bleaching events, caused primarily by abnormally high temperatures, are continuously affecting coral communities worldwide. To evaluate the stress and recovery responses of the reef‐building coral Pocillopora verrucosa, a laboratory study was conducted herein. Coral nubbins were exposed to high temperatures to induce bleaching, and their ability to resist and recover from bleaching was subsequently monitored after returning the corals to ambient temperature. Lipid and chlorophyll concentrations, as well as Symbiodinium spp. density, decreased in samples exposed to nearly 31°C, slowly recovering to near‐control levels upon return to non‐stressful conditions. The present data set allows for an assessment of the vulnerability and ability of this common species to resist sub‐optimal environmental conditions, particularly the thermal stress events that will occur more commonly in their habitats as global seawater temperatures continue to rise.     

荔湾3-1组块浮托安装实船监测与数值模拟

目前海洋平台日趋集成化、模块化,重量和体积都逐渐增大,使得适合安装大型组块的浮托安装法得到飞速发展。介绍荔湾3-1大型导管架平台浮托安装中使用的实测技术,对驳船的运动监测和海洋环境监测等测量数据进行分析,分析结果被应用于指导整个浮托安装过程,保证浮托安装符合安全施工标准。对浮托安装载荷转移阶段采用数值计算方法进行作业过程模拟,将计算结果与实测结果进行对比分析,两者具有较好的相似性。     

绿色勘查中减少探矿工程对环境影响的技术方法

绿色勘查是一种先进理念,是一种信仰,是加快生态文明建设的要求;绿色勘查也是一项系统工程,需要集成创新、综合研究采用多项技术来实现。本文结合高原生态脆弱区——四川省若尔盖铀矿田介绍了可减轻对环境扰动和影响的“以钻代槽”、“一基多孔、一孔多支”、环保泥浆及净化处理、轻便设备及机具的使用等技术方法,并对存在的问题进行了探讨。     

一种简化视线向量修正的天绘一号卫星影像立体定位方法

根据天绘一号卫星三线阵传感器成像原理,构建了天绘一号卫星影像的严格成像模型。通过对卫星姿轨数据分析,提出利用一次线性函数拟合姿态数据,以抵消姿态数据中的高频和低频误差的影响;同时在视线向量修正模型的基础上提出了非指向角形式的简化视线向量修正模型,并分析了控制点个数及分布对定位精度的影响。实验表明,提出的简化视线向量修正模型可以达到视线向量修正模型同样的精度;在利用线性拟合后的姿态数据进行简化视线向量修正的立体定位时,4个地面控制点即可使X方向、Y方向和Z方向定位精度优于5 m。