均匀充电矩形薄板电场复形调优反演计算

针对充电电场反演计算参数较多以及复形调优算法处理约束条件的直接有效性,作者就均匀充电矩形薄板反演问题编制程序,计算地质体理深、倾角及大小。尽管迭代次数较高,计算结果颇为理想,取得了较好的效果。     

大地电场观测深埋铅电极测量系统试验

为使用铅电极替代不极化电极,以解决滨海地区大地电场观测系统稳定性差的问题,先后开展了浅埋的铅电极与不极化电极的大地电场对比观测,以及深埋铅电极与浅埋铅电极的对比观测试验。结果表明:铅电极与固体不极化电极的观测数据在短期内有较好的一致性;深埋铅电极的大地电场观测资料在长期稳定性上优于固体不极化电极;而观测数据的内在观测质量也高于浅埋铅电极。     

人工侧向冻结条件下土的冻结试验

在人工侧向冻结、正弦和恒温2种冻结温度、开放和封闭条件下,对含水率为32 %的重塑粉质黏土进行了4组冻结试验。结果表明,补水条件相同时侧向正弦冻结试样的冻结速度比封闭正弦冻结试验的缓慢,当其冻结状态进入稳态之后,试样的整体温度场随着侧向冻结温度的正弦变化而出现相应的波动,但径向各段的温度梯度的相位滞后于正弦温度相位半个周期;正弦冻结试样与恒温冻结试样在同一条件下的冻胀量相近,封闭体系下自上而下轴向冻结试样的冻胀量高于同条件下侧向冻结试样的冻胀量;人工冻结工程中应考虑大气环境温度变化（如昼夜温差）及冷能侧向输入土体内时对冻土温度场的变化的影响。     

Central Europe: Active or residual tectonic stresses

The regional stress field in the Western Alps and their northern foreland has been investigated byin situ stress determinations. More than 600 strain relief measurements were made with resistance strain gages in boreholes carried out in mines, tunnels and quarries. The stresses calculated and data obtained from other papers were used to get a detailed idea of the stress conditions in Central Europe.The measurements confirm a continuous flux of compressive stress from the Alps to the northern foreland east of the Rhinegraben. The largest stresses are observed in the Central Alps, the lowest in the Rhinegraben rift system. The horizontal stresses exceed at nearly all places the vertical ones. Evidently the excess of horizontal stress is generated by active plate tectonics in the Alps. A tectonic model to explain the observed stress pattern is presented.     

The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area, Yitong Basin, Northeast China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast China. This study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections, and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations: (1) the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates; (2) the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits; and (3) the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and turbidites. Combining with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis, we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin, and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by (1) an inconstant multiple source (line source), (2) an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system, and (3) the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current deposits. This sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.     

北京大灰厂试验场重力变化特征及其解释

介绍了北京大灰厂试验场（简称京西试验场）的概况，对１９９３年３月以来重力重复观测资料进行了处理。计算了各期重力观测精度，结果显示１９９３年３月～１９９５年５月京西试验场存在一定重力变化。采用给定的模型反演了八宝山断层介质的密度变化，认为断层破碎带介质密度的变化可能是引起地表重力变化的主要因素     

Uncertainty as the overlap of alternate conditional distributions

An important task in modern geostatistics is the assessment and quantification of resource and reserve uncertainty. This uncertainty is valuable support information for many management decisions. Uncertainty at specific locations and uncertainty in the global resource is of interest. There are many different methods to build models of uncertainty, including Kriging, Cokriging, and Inverse Distance. Each method leads to different results. A method is proposed to combine local uncertainties predicted by different models to obtain a combined measure of uncertainty that combines good features of each alternative. The new estimator is the overlap of alternate conditional distributions.     

地下水温度示踪理论与方法研究进展

对地下水温度示踪理论与方法的相关研究做了评述,介绍了当前地质体中温度场与渗流场耦合作用模型、数值模拟技术和渗流参数反演方法,并从温度示踪方法的两个主要应用领域:地表水与地下水交换和工程地下水渗漏探测(以堤坝为例),说明地下水温度示踪的应用研究.在地质体中温度场与渗流场耦合模型方面,裂隙介质、非饱和带、复杂边界条件和非D...     

空间扰动引力的谱分析

基于重力场的频谱理论，给出了扰动引力在全球平均意义下的功率谱表达式，揭示了扰动引力的传播特性。通过数值试验，给出了扰动引力随高度变化规律，并分析了不同高度上，扰动引力恢复重力场的最高阶数及相应分辨率。从理论上分析了航空重力测量探测重力场中高频信息的能力，对制定飞行方案有一定参考价值。     

大气重力信号的理论计算及其检测

基于标准大气定律和大气圆柱体分布模型,本文引进了大气重力格林函数,用离散格积方法求得了大气对重力场观测的影响,对台站高程、周围地形和地表温度变化等因素的影响问题进行了讨论．结果说明台站近区气压变化是大气重力信号的主要贡献者,考虑大气质量负荷引起的弹性地球形变效应后,对距台站0．5°的区域积分获得的大气重力导纳值为-0．3603μGal／hPa,占全球大气变化引起的总信号的90％以上,这一理论模型结果与超导重力仪实测结果相吻合,并能较有效地用于消除重力观测中的气压干扰成分．