Bartonian orthophragminids from the Fulra Limestone (Kutch,W India) and coeval units in Sulaiman Range,Pakistan: a synthesis of shallow benthic zone (SBZ) 17 for the Indian Subcontinent

Orthophragminids from the Bartonian Fulra Limestone in Kutch, India and the coeval units in Sulaiman Range in Pakistan suggest the establishment of a significant number of endemic species in the Indian subcontinent (Eastern Tethys). Among a total of fifteen species of Discocyclina, Orbitoclypeus and Asterocyclina, six of them appear to be confined to Indian subcontinent while seven species are common both to the peri-Mediterranean/Europe region (Western Tethys) and Indian subcontinent. Two species, Asterocyclina sireli, a four-ribbed species of possibly Indo-Pacific origin, and Orbitoclypeus haynesi that form large populations in Fulra Limestone, appear to have spread into North Africa and Turkey but not into European platforms as a response to Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO). The lack of Lutetian and Priabonian fauna in the studied sections, either due to a hiatus or unsuitable depositional environments, hampers the establishment of the actual stratigraphic ranges of the identified taxa. Our record provides us to characterize the orthophragminids in shallow benthic zone (SBZ) 17 for Eastern Tethys in detail by comparing the data from the above localities with those from the North Africa, Europe and Turkey, showing the change in diversity.     

流体对石灰岩断层摩擦滑动影响的实验研究

在气体介质三轴高温岩石力学实验仪器上,采用意大利Scaglia Bianca石灰岩,在温度50～300℃、围压150MPa,含50MPa孔隙压、无孔隙压含饱和水和完全干燥三种条件下,开展摩擦滑动实验.实验力学数据和显微结构表明,完全干燥样品在120℃时出现慢滑移,实验样品中没有出现溶解与沉淀.无孔隙压含饱和水条件下,100℃、120℃、150℃条件下出现典型的慢滑移,实验样品中含有微弱的溶解与沉淀;300℃条件下出现黏滑,实验样品中出现沉淀.在含50MPa孔隙压条件下,50℃时的实验表现为典型的稳滑,实验样品中以溶解为主;在100～150℃时,出现慢滑移,实验样品中以溶解为主,沉淀为辅;在200～300℃时,出现典型黏滑,实验样品中以沉淀为主.实验结果表明,石灰岩断层泥摩擦滑动稳定性随温度变化,受流体中碳酸钙的溶解和沉淀作用控制,因此,流体中矿物质的饱和度这一化学性质对断层带的摩擦强度和摩擦滑动稳定性具有显著影响.     

拉巴灰岩:深水碳酸盐沉积成因的认识及其意义

滇西二叠系拉巴组中的拉巴灰岩的成因长期以来曾引起广泛争议。对拉巴灰岩的产状、结构构造及碳酸盐微相特征的研究表明 ,拉巴灰岩最初形成于浅水碳酸盐台地 ,由于突发的地质事件 ,被搬运至深水 ,半深水环境中沉积下来。拉巴灰岩的出现 ,证明在二叠纪 ,昌宁—孟连洋盆与相邻的陆棚之间 ,有陡峻的陆棚边棱存在。     

湘南石灰岩地区找水宜用激发极化法

湘南石灰岩地区找水实践表明：激发极化化法能克服复杂地质、地形条件造成的干扰,较视电阻率法有更明显的异常反映,因而能取得更好的找水效果。     

四川旺苍双汇下二叠统茅口组眼球状石灰岩成因分析

四川旺苍双汇眼球状石灰岩主要分布在下二叠统茅口组的下部、中部及顶部.累计厚度102.77m,占茅口组厚度的53.27%.眼球体(瘤体)为较纯的碳酸盐岩,占全岩的40%-50%;眼皮(基质)为泥质含量较高的碳酸盐岩,条带状绕瘤体分布.瘤体和基质的原始沉积物分别形成于开阔台地环境和局限台地环境;差异压实和差异压溶作用使层状...     

Precise Seismic Substructural Model of the Eocene Chorgali Limestone in the Turkwal Oil Field,Central Potwar,Pakistan

The precise seismic substructural interpretation of the Turkwal oil field in the Central Potwar region of district Chakwal of Pakistan has been carried out. The research work was confined to the large fore-thrust that serves as an anticlinal structural trap through ten 2D seismic lines. A precise seismic substructural model of the Eocene Chorgali Limestone with precise orientation of thrust and oblique slip faults shows the presence of a huge fracture, which made this deposit a good reservoir. The abrupt surface changes in dip azimuth for the Eocene Chorgali Limestone verifies the structural trends and also the presence of structural traps in the Turkwal field. The logs of three wells (Turkwal deep X-2, Turkwal-01 and Fimkassar-01) were analyzed for petrophysical studies, well synthetic results and generation of an Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) model for the area. The AVO model of Turkwal deep X-2 shows abrupt changes in amplitude, which depicts the presence of hydrocarbon content. Well correlation technique was used to define the overall stratigraphic setting and the thickness of the reservoir formation in two wells, Turkwal-01 and Turkwal deep X-2. The Eocene Chorgali Limestone in Turkwal-01 is an upward thrusted anticlinal structure and because of the close position of both wells to the faulted anticlinal structure, its lesser thickness differs compared to Turkwal deep X-2. The overall results confirm that the Turkwal field is comparable to several similar thrust-bound oil-bearing structures in the Potwar basin.     

江苏船山石灰石矿床沉积环境

根据每组石灰石中都含有大量的海洋沉积窄盐度生物及藻类化石,推断船山矿床为浅海碳酸盐沉积;从每组石灰石的粒度、颜色、结构构造,推断出该矿床在形成过程中有两次大规模海侵,两次沉积中断.沉积环境的变化决定了石灰石的质量,氧化环境罩形成的石灰石颜色较浅较纯可作为熔剂,还原环境里形成的石厌石颜色较深,有机质含龄高只能作为水泥原料.     

山西兴县关家崖剖面马五_5亚段核形石灰岩特征及成因

在观察兴县关家崖野外露头剖面马五_5亚段核形石灰岩岩性特征的基础上,进行了薄片镜下鉴定,开展了全岩X衍射,主、微量元素,锶和碳、氧稳定同位素及有机碳分析。研究结果表明,核形石灰岩形成于开阔海环境,准同生阶段核形石发生重结晶作用,浅埋藏期压实作用使巨晶方解石呈镶嵌接触并产生压力双晶纹;马五_5亚段底部核形石灰岩形成于海平面上升过程,未受早期淡水溶蚀;马五_5亚段顶部核形石灰岩形成于海平面下降过程,明显受早期大气淡水淋滤与溶蚀作用影响;在中—深埋藏阶段受地下热液影响,在水-岩作用过程中发生了同位素交换及有机质成熟及排烃作用。该套核形石灰岩的发现,明确了马五_5亚段形成于开阔海环境,这对于马家沟组烃源岩的研究具有参考意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部马家沟组成岩作用特征

通过对研究区16口钻井15条剖面数百片岩石薄片的详细鉴定,结合沉积史和区域地质特征,综合分析了主要目的层马家沟组的成岩作用类型及其特征。马家沟组储层的岩石类型主要为石灰岩和白云岩。石灰岩类型多样,主要有泥晶—微晶灰岩、微晶—亮晶颗粒灰岩及云斑灰岩等;白云岩以泥晶—微晶白云岩为主。主要的建设性成岩作用为白云石化作用和溶蚀作用;不利的成岩作用主要有重结晶、压实压溶、去白云石化、膏化等作用。在此基础上,进一步分析了鄂尔多斯盆地南部的成岩作用演化序列。     

兰坪县青甸湾铅锌矿矿床地质

铅锌矿位于兰坪盆地铅锌银铜多金属矿集区,上三叠统灰岩为主要赋矿地层,铅质源自海底火山喷发,属火山-沉积改造型中低温热液矿床。