柴达木盆地三湖地区天然气地震预测关键技术及应用

针对柴迭木盆地三湖生物天然气预测,提出了地震预测方法的三项关键技术:地震资料处理中的静校正技术(初至波折射静校正技术);地震叠后预测技术(包括如下5项内容:共偏移距扫描;频率扫描;速度谱剖面分析;反射同相轴下拉量分析;烃类检测);地震叠前预测技术(包括如下2项内容:不同偏移距叠加剖面分析;叠前反演分析).在三湖北斜坡地区应用这三项关键技术,发现了台东2号舍气异常,成功钻探了台东2井.     

阿尔泰可可托海3号脉花岗伟晶岩侵位机制、熔-流体演化、稀有金属富集机理及待解之谜

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号脉以独特的实心礼帽形态、完美的同心环状结构分带和复杂的稀有金属矿化组合闻名于世,是我国最重要的稀有金属矿床之一。可可托海3号脉伟晶岩岩浆具有不均一性和高度演化特征。伟晶岩岩浆沿缓倾斜节理上侵,在周缘断裂的帮助下通过岩浆顶蚀形成实心礼帽形态。岩浆就位后经历了岩浆阶段、岩浆-热液阶段和热液阶段,分别伴随Be-Nb-Ta、Li-Be-Nb-Ta和Ta-Cs-Rb-Hf矿化。结晶分异作用和液相不混溶控制着3号脉的稀有金属富集和沉淀序列,流体交代可影响稀有金属再分配。外部带(Ⅰ～Ⅳ带)的强烈结晶分异过程和发生于Ⅳ带与Ⅴ带间的流体大规模出溶,有利于岩浆达到锂饱和浓度,开始锂的大规模沉淀。指出熔-流体演化过程的精细刻画、稀有金属成矿机理的进一步解析、岩浆成因的深入探讨、挥发分P、F、B、Li和CO₂对稀有金属成矿的影响以及缓倾斜帽沿深部找矿为未来研究方向。     

韩城矿区兴隆煤矿开采11~#煤层底板突水分析

通过韩城矿区兴隆煤矿水文地质补充勘探的成果,对煤矿内与11煤层开采密切的奥陶系岩性组合及水文地质条件进行了分析,认为煤矿内奥灰水具弱富水性特征;煤层底板到奥陶系顶板之间的岩性以铝土质泥岩为主,分布普遍,连续性好,为很好的隔水层;奥陶系峰峰组一段在煤矿范围内厚度稳定、分布连续,岩性组合以泥灰岩、泥云岩等难溶岩为主,对于下部上马家沟组二段含水层进入矿坑起到阻隔作用,可以作为煤矿开采11#煤层的保护层。在此基础上进行了煤矿的突水系数计算及分区,发现突水系数小于0.06MPa/m安全区的面积占到11#煤层可采面积的90%,资源量为3938万吨,占11#煤层总资源量4 228.07的93%,11#煤层的绝大部分得到解放。同时对带压开采11#煤层提出了合理的建设性意见。     

泉州局一号井水位异常的调查与研究

对观测技术系统、降雨、区域应力场等干扰因素进行了排除,并调查观测井的周边环境及分析基础资料。结果表明,2011年底以来泉州局一号井水位突降为非前兆异常,造成的原因主要是周边基建干扰引起的。由于花岗岩地区特殊的岩石特征,即发育较多裂隙、微裂隙和解理,周边基建会破坏水井的承压性及封闭性,进而破坏地下水的动态平衡,建议在花岗岩地区选择水井时最好选择观测含水层与上一层非观测含水层间距较大的水井。     

Determination of Precious Metal Concentrations in a Polymetallic Nodule Reference Sample from the Indian Ocean by ICP-MS

A polymetallic nodule reference sample (No. 2388)collected from the Indian Ocean, and seven other samples, two from the United States Geological Survey, USA (Nod-A-1 and Nod-P-1), three from Russia (OOPE 601, OOPE 602, and OOPE 603), and two from China (GSPN-2 and GSPN-3), collected from different loca tions, are available for calibration purposes and as control samples in the analytical programs for polymetallic nodules and associated sediments to ensure accurate measurements. They are not certified for precious metal concentrations, however, and the data available are very scanty. An attempt has been made to provide working values for platinum, palladium, gold, and silver and indicative values for osmium, iridium, and ruthenium in these eight ferromanganese nodule reference samples, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To assess the accuracy of the method, certified reference materials, WPR-1, WMS-1, WMG-1, and WGB-1 Canadian Certified Materials Project (CCRMP, Canada) were analyzed, and the data obtained were compared with the certified values. The estimate of analytical reproducibility was found to be better than 15 % RSD for most elements with comparable accuracy. The data presented for this set of manganese nodule reference samples may be useful in geochemical studies of manganese nodules and associated sediments.     

粤北302铀矿床围岩蚀变的地球化学特征和成因研究

以粤北302铀矿床ZK23-2钻孔为研究对象,通过显微镜下薄片鉴定、岩石地球化学和流体包裹体分析等对该矿床的围岩蚀变进行研究。结果表明,302矿床蚀变种类繁多,蚀变类型主要有:碱性长石化、硅化、绢云母化、红化、绿泥石化、绿(褐)帘石化、碳酸盐化、高岭石化等。矿床表现出明显的垂直分带和水平分带特征。从上至下,将ZK23-2划分为4个蚀变带:红化、绢云母化带→硅化、红化、强绢云母化带(铀富集带)→绿泥石化、绢云母化带→弱蚀变或正常花岗岩带。岩石的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素均规律变化,微量元素分布模式和稀土元素配分模式均与赋矿围岩长江岩体的趋势一致,说明蚀变作用对它们的影响小,致使蚀变岩石基本保持原岩的地球化学特征。各蚀变带包裹体的均一温度均低于220℃,属于中低温热液,惰性气体N2在各蚀变带包裹体中普遍存在,强蚀变带的包裹体气相成分中均含CO2,表明在铀矿的形成过程中,铀的溶解、迁移以及富集成矿作用与CO2气体密切相关并发生在N2环境中。此外,成矿期脉石矿物包裹体的均一温度和压力为正相关的平滑曲线,表明围岩蚀变的分带特征主要是由成矿热液流体的混合作用引起的。     

中学生地理空间思维能力提高的影响因素——基于甘肃省白银市第一中学高一学生的实证研究

地理空间思维能力是人类认识地理环境的基本能力,也是学生的地理核心素养,其影响因素及作用机制是当前迫切需要解决的基础理论问题。本文初步假设一般智力水平、生活环境特征、地理学习兴趣、地图使用习惯、地理问题关注习惯、方向敏感程度、地理专业知识等7个因素为地理空间思维能力提高的影响因素。通过样本测试取得甘肃省白银市第一中学高一年级126个学生样本的地理空间思维能力及其假设的7个影响因素数据。借助SPSS 23.0软件,运用相关分析、独立样本T检验、单因素和多元线性回归分析等方法,证实一般智力水平、地理专业知识、地图使用习惯是学生地理空间思维能力提高的必要条件,地理学习兴趣是其重要条件,上述4个因素为地理空间思维能力提高的影响因素,其作用强度从大到小依次为：一般智力水平>地理专业知识>地图使用习惯>地理学习兴趣。其中一般智力水平和地理专业知识对地理空间思维能力有较强的预测作用。此外,还发现无论地理空间思维能力还是7个假设的影响因素,均未发现有显著的男女性别差异,说明上述规律具有性别普适性。     

华北克拉通中部沁水盆地热演化史与山西高原中新生代岩石圈构造演化

以沁参1井地质资料为基础, 结合沉积构造演化及邻区对比等, 以磷灰石裂变径迹分析为主要手段, 配合锆石裂变径迹、矿物流体包裹体、有机质镜质体反射率、区域岩浆活动及盆地演化分析, 较系统地研究了沁水盆地晚古生代以来的区域构造运动与构造演化。并以此为基础探讨了山西高原中—新生代岩石圈构造热演化与高原的隆升过程, 提高了对沁水盆地的地质评价, 为下一步研究华北克拉通东部沁水盆地及邻区的古地热演化历史奠定了基础。     

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery from Human Urine by Struvite Precipitation and Air Stripping in Vietnam

A “No Mix” sanitation system was installed in a dormitory at the University of CanTho in South Vietnam, with the objective of recycling nutrients from source separated wastewater streams. This paper presents the “Yellow Water” treatment plant and its efficiency in recovering phosphorus and nitrogen from human urine. The pilot plant achieved phosphorus removal efficiencies of 98% with both diluted and undiluted urine. Phosphorus was recovered in the form of struvite, a solid mineral fertilizer with heavy metal concentrations being below the German Fertilizer Regulation's threshold limits. About 110 g of struvite could be generated after one treatment cycle, during which 50 L of urine were processed. Nitrogen removal by air stripping showed best results when circulating the urine for 3 h through the stripping column at a high flow rate (80 L/h). With these settings, more than 90% of the nitrogen could be removed from the urine, and virtually 100% of this nitrogen could be recovered in the form of liquid ammonium sulfate. In the future, treatment costs could be further reduced by making use of the solar energy that is available during daytime in South Vietnam.     

Detection of HCO+ towards Cygnus OB2 No. 12

HCO⁺ has been detected for the first time towards the star Cygnus OB2 No. 12 through emission of the 1–0 rotational transition at 89 GHz. The CO( J =2−1) transition has also been observed. The observations are consistent with a model of dense regions embedded in a low-density clump gas. If actually present, the dense component would have an aggregate size L 1300 au, in agreement with estimates of small-scale density fluctuations observed along diffuse lines of sight.