1981-2012年西北东部夏季降水不同强度雨日变化及其环流特征的对比分析

利用1981-2012年中国西北东部198个台站的逐日气象观测数据和ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析了近32年中国西北东部夏季不同强度降水的雨日和雨量的变化特征,并对比了产生不同强度降水的大气环流系统的异同。结果表明,西北东部夏季降水以小雨和中雨为主,二者占夏季雨日的90%以上、占夏季雨量的70%左右。小雨日数占总雨日的比率在空间上自东南向西北递增;中雨、大雨、暴雨和（特）大暴雨日数的比率自东南向西北递减。夏季小雨、中雨日数和降水量均呈减少的趋势,21世纪初的减少速率慢于20世纪80-90年代;暴雨则呈略微增多的趋势。通过对1981和2003年的个例分析发现,乌拉尔山阻塞高压、蒙古气旋和西北太平洋副热带高压增强西伸时,有利于北方干冷气流和南方暖湿气流在西北东部交汇,降水较多;反之则降水较少。在冷、暖空气均增强的背景下,若冷、暖气团的交界线偏南,西北东部主要受北方冷气团控制,南边界的水汽输送较微弱,易发生小雨;若冷、暖气团的交界线偏北,西北东部主要受到南方暖湿气团的影响,南边界的水汽输送和辐合较强,多出现强降水,降水强度取决于水汽的强度和上升运动的高度。     

Usage of ERS SAR data over the Singhbhum Shear Zone,India for structural mapping and tectonic studies

The extraction of lineaments and anomalous patterns in the Singhbhum Shear Zone, Jharkhand, India, has multifaceted applications for mineral exploration as well as for geological interpretation of neotectonic movements. ERS-1 SAR data are very useful for such applications because of their structural information content. A comparative study has been attempted with ERS, Landsat and IRS images for the interpretation of various geological structures over the Singhbhum Shear Zone. The Rose diagram generated from this study has shown major trends that matched well with the geological map of the area and the associated tectonic boundary as well as with the results obtained from ground based studies.     

川甘边陲热泉分布特征及形成机制

从川甘边陲热泉发育的特征，分析其形成机制，认为它们是放射性衰变热和居里面隆起热以及构造热的综合作用结果。     

东川石庄铅锌矿成矿模式

铅锌矿赋存于上震旦统灯影组及下寒武统筇竹寺组白云岩、砂质板岩中。特富矿体是由于成矿流体的快速迁移而形成,在受控的断裂带中过饱和流体以充填方式快速沉淀所致。     

Lithological mapping from hyperspectral data by improved use of spectral angle mapper

The spectral angle mapper (SAM), as a spectral matching method, has been widely used in lithological type identification and mapping using hyperspectral data. The SAM quantifies the spectral similarity between an image pixel spectrum and a reference spectrum with known components. In most existing studies a mean reflectance spectrum has been used as the reference spectrum for a specific lithological class. However, this conventional use of SAM does not take into account the spectral variability, which is an inherent property of many rocks and is further magnified in remote sensing data acquisition process. In this study, two methods of determining reference spectra used in SAM are proposed for the improved lithological mapping. In first method the mean of spectral derivatives was combined with the mean of original spectra, i.e., the mean spectrum and the mean spectral derivative were jointly used in SAM classification, to improve the class separability. The second method is the use of multiple reference spectra in SAM to accommodate the spectral variability. The proposed methods were evaluated in lithological mapping using EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral data of two arid areas. The spectral variability and separability of the rock types under investigation were also examined and compared using spectral data alone and using both spectral data and first derivatives. The experimental results indicated that spectral variability significantly affected the identification of lithological classes with the conventional SAM method using a mean reference spectrum. The proposed methods achieved significant improvement in the accuracy of lithological mapping, outperforming the conventional use of SAM with a mean spectrum as the reference spectrum, and the matching filtering, a widely used spectral mapping method.     

地图上文字符号性质辨析

文字是地图上不可缺少的要素之一。本文从符号学的角度论证了地图符号与文字符号的关系，文字符号对于地图的重要意义，进而分析了文字符号移植到地图上之后其性质、功能的改造演变，并将地图上的文字区分为本义文字符号、文字注记符号和文字图形符号三种类型，指出其不同的功能和特点。     

南海北部陆架西区盆地地质、地球物理场特征及其深部结构

分析了南海北部陆架西区盆地的地质、地球物理场特征，计算了研究海域重、磁资料的1阶小波细节、4阶小波逼近变换。根据分析与计算可知，研究区的布格重力异常以北西低的负值，东南高的正值为特征。在东部及东南部异常等值线走向为北东；西部异常等值线以北西走向为特征；西北地区异常以北东东、北东走向的局部等值线圈闭为特征。磁场的展布十分复杂，按磁异常的变化程度可分为三个变化区，即磁异常平静区、剧变区及缓变区。磁异常的平静区位于研究区的西部，即莺歌海盆地所在位置，这一带磁异常等值线极为稀疏，异常值为负背景异常。剧变区位于海南岛，该地区的磁异常变化极为剧烈，异常特征以局部小圈闭为特征，等值线分布密集。磁异常的平缓区位于平静区及剧变区之外的其它地区。琼东南盆地、北部湾盆地的磁异常具有此特征。根据重、磁场资料以及南海北部盆地钻井取样的测试结果、同时参考穿越南海地学断面的结果，对研究区的地壳结构进行了反演计算，计算表明南海陆架盆地区域地壳结构较为复杂，研究区的地壳厚度在22－33km之间，总的趋势由陆向洋地壳厚度逐渐减薄，反映出该区域地壳具有陆壳、拉伸陆壳、过渡壳的性质，同时存在有上地幔隆起区及凹陷区。磁性底界面厚度在17－24km之间变化，其中在莺歌海盆地较深，在海南岛地区磁性界面较浅。     

关于北宁震群性质及其意义的研究

利用地震学分析预报方法程式指南以及“八五”和“九五”攻关研究成果中有关震群序列的分析方法,对北宁震群作了详细研究。根据该震群序列本身的统计参数及其时空强表现出的某些特征,进行自然类比和定量识别,结果认为,北宁震群前兆意义不明显,属于一般性震群。     

托来6.0级地震前波速比异常与中短期预报指标讨论

本文阐述了１９９３年１０月２６日青海托来６．０级地震前河西祁连山中西部的波连比异常并进一步讨论了中短期预报指标。通过托来地震研究得到，波速比低值集中区边缘与低波速比异常值地震条带交汇区可能为未来主震位置，波速比低值在多次中强震后仍然继续异常以及波速比在震前１─６个月显著回升可分别作为较强地震趋势异常和地震发生的短期指标。