安哥拉下刚果盆地吉拉索尔深水油田

吉拉索尔油田位于西非安哥拉17号深水区块,水深1200～1400m,距安哥拉海岸150km。1996年发现,2001年产油,是安哥拉投入开发的第一个深水油田。油田面积约140km2,地质储量约为15.5×108bbl,可采储量约7.25×108bbl,为轻质油。油田所在的下刚果盆地主要经历了裂谷期、过渡期和热沉降期三个阶段的构造演化,相应沉积了裂谷期陆相地层、过渡期蒸发岩层和热沉降期海相地层。主要烃源岩为下白垩统Bucomazi组湖相页岩,有机质丰度高,类型好,成熟度适中,为很好的烃源岩。盆地深水区主要储层为上渐新统—中新统河道充填浊积砂岩复合体,砂岩固结差,物性良好。吉拉索尔油田主要由几个河道浊积砂岩复合体叠置组成,其中夹几个薄层席状砂岩,复合体之间被海相泥页岩分隔。上覆第三系泥岩为其主要盖层。     

东北非与中国胶东造山型金矿对比及对非洲找矿勘查的启示

东北非是一个快速兴起的世界级金矿省,发育大量造山型金矿床。选择东北非努比亚地盾代表性造山型矿床进行总结梳理,认为区内金矿成矿可能受控于努比亚地盾地块拼帖后挤压/压扭向张扭剪切转换的过程,绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质基性火山岩是主要赋矿围岩,剪切带(断层)为主要控矿构造。通过对比,发现努比亚地盾矿集区与胶东矿集区类似,在大规模金成矿前均经历了洋壳俯冲过程,除赋矿围岩和成矿时代区别明显外,在控矿构造、矿化类型、矿物组合、成矿流体等方面较相似。结合控矿因素与找矿标志对比,针对努比亚地盾造山型金矿的找矿勘查提出具体建议：通过遥感和地质图修编圈定找矿远景区;利用地球化学测量和地质图草测等圈定找矿靶区;利用蚀变填图、反循环钻探,结合电磁测量,追踪隐伏矿体;通过矿床理论研究和矿田构造分析,支撑矿床(点)深部找矿。     

Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit,South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation

The giant Dahutang tungsten (W) deposit has a total reserve of more than 1.31 Mt WO₃. Veinlet-disseminated scheelite and vein type wolframite mineralization are developed in this deposit, which are related to Late Mesozoic biotite granite. Four major types of alterations, which include albitization, potassic-alteration, and greisenization, and overprinted silicification developed in contact zone. The mass balance calculate of the four alteration types were used to further understanding of the mineralization process. The fresh porphyritic biotite granite has high Nb, Ta, and W, but low Ca and Sr while the Jiuling granodiorite has high Ca and Sr, but low Nb, Ta, and W concentrations. The altered porphyritic biotite granite indicated that the Nb, Ta, and W were leached out from the fresh porphyritic biotite granite, especially by sodic alteration. The low Ca and Sr contents of the altered Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite indicate that Ca and Sr had been leached out from the fresh granodiorite by the fluid from Mesozoic porphyritic biotite granites. The metal W of the Dahutang deposit was mainly derived from the fluid exsolution from the melt and alteration of W-bearing granites. This study of alteration presents a new hydrothermal circulation model to understand tungsten mineralization in the Dahutang deposit.     

关于金刚石钻进规程参数合理配合的分析研究

机械钻速、钻头进尺和每米钻探成本通常称之为是钻探工程的主要技术经济指标。这些技术经济指标均与选用的钻头、所用钻进规程参数和操作技术紧密相关。选用的钻头应与所钻地层的硬度、研磨性（可钻性）相适应。操作技术主要取决于司钻人员的技术、经验和水平。而钻进规程参数的选取和确定及其合理配合则是非常重要的一个因素,不可忽视。提出了临界钻进规程的概念。临界规程是一条红线,不可逾越,否则就会发生事故。正常钻进规程时,钻压和钻头转速应该合理配合,冲洗液量宜保证岩粉处于正常规程状态,以得到理想的钻探工程技术经济指标。建议根据功率表读数变化来调整钻压和钻头转速的合理配合,利用流量计监控孔底的冲洗液数量,严格控制临界规程的形成,把经验打钻和科学打钻结合起来。     

珠江口盆地荔湾凹陷上渐新统—早中新统物源特征及其对沉积充填的影响

利用化学蚀变指数法恢复物源区的风化历史及沉积物通量是一种经济实用、行之有效的方法。前人对珠江口盆地荔湾凹陷对应物源区的研究相对薄弱。本文通过对区内岩心测试数据进行化学蚀变指数分析,恢复晚渐新世—早中新世物源区的风化历史,并进行沉积物通量的估算,在此基础上探讨物源特征对研究区内沉积充填的控制作用。研究表明,晚渐新世研究区对应物源区经历了强烈风化阶段,该阶段产生的丰富的沉积物供给是研究区西北部快速进积、规模壮观的陆架边缘三角洲及斜坡重力流沉积体系发育的重要控制因素之一;早中新世,西北物源区风化减弱,沉积供给减少,但研究区东部沉积物供应较西部要充分得多,表明早中新世,研究区南部除了来自西北部的主要物源外,局部物源对该时期的沉积具有重要影响;推测东部物源(东部古隆起、兴宁古隆起)的突然复活是促进研究区东部早中新世沟槽形成发育的重要原因之一。在超深水区进行沉积物源区的研究中,这种半定量的方法对盆内局部物源的确定具有重要的指示意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中及上三叠统延长组沉积相与油气勘探的突破

鄂尔多斯盆地位于中国的中西部,跨陕、甘、宁、蒙、晋5省区,盆地本部面积25万km2.中及上三叠统延长组在盆地内广为展布,厚逾千米,发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲、湖泊等沉积相,是该地区重要的油气产层.根据盆地腹地100多口井的钻井资料及盆地周边地区的露头资料,以及长庆油田长时期对延长组的油气勘探经验,编制出了鄂尔多斯盆地中及...     

Decrepitation Thermometry and Compositions of Fluid Inclusions of the Damoqujia Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Gold Province,China:Implications for Metallogeny and Exploration

The recently discovered Damoqujia (大磨曲家) gold deposit is a large shear zone-hosted gold deposit of disseminated sulphides located in the north of the Zhaoping (招平) fault zone, Jiaodong (胶东) gold province, China. In order to distinguish the temperature range of cluster inclusions from different mineralization stages and measure their compositions, 16 fluid inclusions and 5 isotopic geochemistry samples were collected for this study. Corresponding to different mineralization stages, the multirange peaks of quartz decrepitation temperature (250-270, 310-360 and 380-430℃(2) indicate that the activity of ore-forming fluids is characterized by multistage. The ore-forming fluids were predominantly of high-temperature fluid system (HTFS) by CO2-rich, and SO2-4-K type magmatic fluid during the early stage of mineralization and were subsequently affected by low-temperature fluid system (LTFS) of CH4-rich, and Cl--Na /Ca2 type meteoric fluid during the late stage of mineralization. Gold is transferred by Au-HS- complex in the HTFS, and Au-Cl- complex can be more important in the LTFS. The transition of fluids from deeper to shallow environments results in mixing between the HTFS and LTFS, which might be one of the most key reasons for gold precipitation and large-scale mineralization. The ore-forming fluids are characterized by high-temperature, strong-activity, and superimposed mineralization, so that there is a great probability of forming large and rich ore deposit in the Damoqujia gold deposit. The main bodies are preserved and extend toward deeper parts, thereby suggesting a great potential in future.     

大井锡多金属成矿地质特征及找矿方向探讨

内蒙古林西大井锡多金属矿是我国北方最大的锡多金属矿床，通过对其地质背景、成矿地质条件、富集规律、控矿因素的认识和分析，建立大井式的综合找矿标志，对指导矿区及其外围找矿，扩大矿产资源、发展地方经济，具有重要的意义。     

Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.     

我国核地球物理勘查的若干新进展

回顾了近半个世纪以来，特别是近几年来我国核地球物理勘查的发展及取得的成就．它已由50年代创建初期的单纯用于找铀矿，发展到现在在环境科学、水文地质和工程地质、寻找油气田、钾盐、磷矿、铜锡矿等方面的全方位应用；在理论上有所突破，方法技术上有所创新，并已逐步走向系列化和标准化；在与其他学科相互渗透方面得到了发展；以及在油气、煤炭测井的测试仪器等方面也都有重要进展．本文还对核地球物理今后的发展提出了看法，首先，为适应多领域应用和方法技术本身的发展，应深化应用基础理论研究；其次，要发展和提高测量结果的推断解释水平，研究消除、减少干扰因素的理论和技术；第三，应更多地运用近代科学技术的新成果，创立自已的理论和方法；第四，要根据经济的发展和生产的需要，使核物探稳步走向市场．