氢氧化锂产业前景分析

从近年来氢氧化锂的价格表现能看到其需求的可观前景。氢氧化锂应用已由传统的润滑脂行业向电池行业转变,2017年的应用比例将提升到90%,且高镍NCM及NCA发展潜力巨大。氢氧化锂新建项目不断上马,国内2016年总产量达到2.5×10~4t。氢氧化锂短期内市场以短缺为主,但长期来看过剩风险增加,这与全球锂辉石资源的开发进程密切相关。     

氢氧化铝基锂吸附剂从卤水中吸附锂的机理

氢氧化铝基锂吸附剂是采用吸附法从卤水中提锂时唯一得到产业化应用的吸附剂,该吸附剂的吸附速率和吸附容量适中,选择性和循环使用性能较好,制备成本低。综合分析了吸附剂的制备、吸附和脱附性能、吸附剂吸附与脱附后的结构与形貌变化,重点分析了吸附机理。锂离子很可能是以裸离子的形式进入氢氧化铝层内的八面体空腔内而被吸附,为平衡电荷,氯离子进入层间。筛分效应和锂离子与其它离子水合作用的差异是吸附剂对锂有较好选择性的主要原因。     

Lithium distribution and isotopic fractionation during chemical weathering and soil formation in a loess profile

Lithium (Li) is a fluid-mobile element and δ⁷Li in secondary deposits represents an excellent proxy for silicate weathering and authigenic mineral formation. The soil samples from 1205 to 1295 cm in the Weinan profile, one of the best developed loess-paleosol sequences covering the last glacial–interglacial climatic cycle, were collected and chemically separated into detritus and carbonate fractions for subsequent analyses of Li, δ⁷Li, major and trace elements. Other desert specimens (i.e., Qaidam Desert, Tengger Desert, Badain Juran Desert and Taklimakan Desert) near the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) and various standard clays were analyzed for assisting provenance determination. The Li and δ⁷Li distributions in the detritus are rather homogeneous, 1.4–2.0 μg/g and +2.5‰ to +4.7‰, respectively, compared with the carbonate fraction. The detrital δ⁷Li varies systematically with magnetic susceptibility and grain size changes, reflecting significant Li isotopic variation associated with sources and mineralogy of detrital material. On the other hand, Li and δ⁷Li in carbonates show large changes, 781–963 ng/g and −4.1‰ to +10.2‰, respectively. These carbonate δ⁷Li correlated well with the estimated index of chemical weathering, as a result of Li mobilization and soil formation during chemical weathering.     

Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

氯化物中锂离子存在时EDTA质量滴定锶离子含量

锂共存时对EDTA络合滴定Sr2+离子产生较强的干扰,使分析结果偏高。根据被测液中氯化锂的大约含量,通过加入适量混合醇,可消除Li+离子的干扰,质量滴定法相对误差<0.3%。在锂锶质量比为0.100¹4.5范围内,被测样中LiCl质量与加入混合醇体积呈线性关系。混合醇掩蔽体积范围为314.5范围内,被测样中LiCl质量与加入混合醇体积呈线性关系。混合醇掩蔽体积范围为3⁵ mL。根据锂离子与水分子、短链醇形成蔟合物的键能,对消除Li+离子干扰络合滴定的机理进行探讨。     

阿根廷锂开发利用及我国未来锂资源发展策略建议

阿根廷锂资源储量丰富,已发现的锂矿资源多为现代盐湖中含锂卤水,在当前拉美地区锂资源中占有十分重要的地位。本文分析了阿根廷锂资源分布及开发利用现状,重点探讨了当前该国锂资源开展国际合作的困境,建议我国应立足国内、国外两个市场,综合利用两种资源,在合作开发阿根廷锂资源时,采用产业换资源、投资换资源的投资方向,采取少参股多包销的股权合资合作模式,尽力争取与当地有较大影响力的企业建立战略合作联盟,开展合作。     

New experimental determination of Li and B partition coefficients during upper mantle partial melting

Despite the growing interest for Li and B as geochemical tracers, especially for material transfer from subducting slabs to overlying peridotites, little is known about the behaviour of these two elements during partial melting of mantle sources. In particular, mineral/melt partition coefficients for B and to a lesser extent Li are still a matter of debate. In this work, we re-equilibrated a synthetic basalt doped with ~10 ppm B and ~6 ppm Li with an olivine powder from a spinel lherzolite xenolith at 1 GPa–1,330°C, and we analyzed Li and B in the run products by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In our experiment, B behaved as a highly incompatible element with mineral/melt partition coefficients of the order of 10⁻² (D ^ol/melt = 0.008 (0.004–0.013); D ^opx/melt = 0.024 (0.015–0.033); D ^cpx/melt = 0.041 (0.021–0.061)), and Li as a moderately incompatible element (D ^ol/melt = 0.427 (0.418–0.436); D ^opx/melt = 0.211 (0.167–0.256); D ^cpx/melt = 0.246 (0.229–0.264)). Our partition coefficients for Li are in good agreement with previous determinations. In the case of B, our partition coefficients are equal within error to those reported by Brenan et al. (1998) for all the mineral phases analyzed, but are lower than other coefficients from literature for some of the phases (up to 5 times for cpx). Our measurements complement the data set of Ds for modelling partial melting of the upper mantle and basalt generation, and confirm that, in this context, B is more incompatible than previously anticipated.     

锂电池的发展与前景

介绍了电池的发展过程，锂离子电池的正极材料和负极材料及电解质的发展概况以及当今锂离子电池发展所面临的问题和发展前景。     

锂离子二次电池电解质的研究动态

简要介绍了锂离子电池和其电解质的发展概况 ,并重点介绍了锂离子电池电解质的分类以及各自的性能特点 ,展望了锂离子电池电解质的发展前景。     

盐湖卤水直接提取氯化锂的研究概况

详细论述了世界各国从盐湖卤水中直接提取氯化锂技术研究的进展情况，并对我国发展盐湖卤水提取氯化锂的方向提出了好的建议。