东天山白山钼矿区花岗岩的岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素约束

新疆东天山晚古生代中酸性岩浆活动广泛分布且已有较多研究成果。近年来在该区识别出印支期岩浆作用,然而研究者对其岩石成因、源区性质及相关动力学问题研究较少。白山钼矿区位于东天山康古尔-黄山韧性剪切带东段,是东天山多金属成矿带印支期斑岩型钼矿床,其矿体主要赋存于深部花岗斑岩体外接触带中。本文则对白山钼矿区深部花岗斑岩开展了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素组成研究。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,白山花岗斑岩体大约侵位于226.8±3.2Ma。岩石地球化学结果表明,花岗斑岩具高Si O2含量(68.87%~72.82%)及全碱含量(6.85%~8.17%),铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.93~1.06,均小于1.1,为准铝质至过铝质I型花岗岩。岩石具有明显的轻重稀土分异和弱的Eu负异常,富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Sr),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Th),具高Sr/Y和La/Yb比值的特点,显示与埃达克质岩石相似的地球化学特征。白山花岗斑岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素数据显示,其具较高的εHf(t)值(+8.0~+11.0)和较年轻的地壳模式年龄tCDM(556~758Ma)。结合岩石地球化学及同位素地球化学特征,本文认为白山花岗岩体可能来源于增厚下地壳物质的部分熔融,并可能混有幔源岩浆物质,形成于东天山碰撞造山作用之后的板内伸展阶段。     

滇西哀牢山镇沅煌斑岩~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学和地球化学特征

滇西镇沅煌斑岩呈岩脉状产出于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带南段。不同脉体的矿物组合特征相似,均为云煌岩。煌斑岩黑云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄结果为35.69±0.40Ma和36.21±0.43Ma,与区域富碱斑岩年代一致。煌斑岩Si O2含量为43.26%~47.66%,K2O+Na2O含量为6.39%~8.22%,K2O/Na2O比值为3.68~5.55,属于碱性、高钾钙碱性系列。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr)和轻稀土元素(LREE);相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr)和重稀土元素(HREE);LREE/HREE为6.32~7.44,δEu为0.80~0.91;Nb/U值为1.15~2.18,接近俯冲带含水流体的Nb/U比值(Nb/U≈0.22)。La/Sm比值与La值具有弱的正相关趋势。岩石学和地球化学特征显示,哀牢山古特提斯洋壳俯冲交代作用形成的富集地幔,在新生代三江地区岩石圈地幔拆沉-软流圈上涌形成的伸展背景下经过部分熔融,上升侵位形成煌斑岩脉。     

西准噶尔塔尔巴哈台-谢米斯台地区火山热液型铜矿床(点)地质及含矿火山岩年代学、地球化学特征

西准噶尔塔尔巴哈台-谢米斯台地区研究和找矿勘探工作十分薄弱,近年来随着谢米斯台铜矿的发现,本项目组陆续发现了喀因德、乌兰浩特、阿依德、巴汗等铜矿点,指示该区具有与火山热液活动有关的铜成矿作用有的潜力。本文对这些矿床(点)开展了地质特征、年代学和地球化学研究显示,区内发育的阿尔木强、谢米斯台铜矿床以及喀因德、乌兰浩特、阿依德、巴汗等铜矿点与火山岩地层密切相关,矿化主要表现为黄铁矿化、孔雀石化,发育绿帘石化、绿泥石化、硅化、碳酸岩化等蚀变,具有火山热液型铜矿特点。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年获得喀因德铜矿点火山岩年龄为455.1±5.4Ma,乌兰浩特铜矿点火山岩年龄为428.6±4.6Ma,阿依德铜矿点火山岩年龄为428.8±7.2Ma,谢米斯台铜矿床火山岩年龄为424.3±4.3Ma,阿尔木强铜矿床火山岩年龄为426.7Ma,巴汗铜矿点火山岩年龄为411.7±4.7Ma,可分为晚奥陶世、中志留世、早泥盆世三个阶段,以中志留世为主。地球化学特征显示晚奥陶世、中志留世、早泥盆世三个阶段的火山岩均形成于岛弧环境;且具有类似的岩浆源区和演化过程;岩浆在上升侵位过程中没有明显的受到外来物质混染。综合地质、年代学和地球化学特征显示,塔尔巴哈台-谢米斯台地区与火山热液有关的铜矿床(点)主要受控于构造背景、地层组合、岩石类型、蚀变、控矿构造等因素,其中中志留世中基性火山岩、与火山机构相关的深部可能存在的次火山岩或浅成侵入岩分布区具有较好的找矿潜力。     

栾川西鱼库隐伏斑岩型Mo-W矿床地球化学及其意义

西鱼库大型隐伏斑岩钼-钨矿床是近年来在栾川地区开展深部找矿勘查过程中的新发现。该矿床与南泥湖、上房沟钼矿不同,其矿体主要赋存于斑岩体内部而非岩体外接触带的矽卡岩或角岩中。与南泥湖和上房岩体相比,西鱼库隐伏斑岩体的Si O2、K2O含量略低,具有正Eu异常,表明西鱼库隐伏斑岩体比南泥湖和上房岩体分异程度略低,更接近成矿岩浆中心位置。     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南北亚带蛇绿岩的成因探讨

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带自萨嘎以西分为达巴-休古嘎布(南亚带)和萨嘎-达机翁(北亚带)两个亚带,但两者的关系和构造环境还存在争论。本文在实测剖面的基础上,对比南北亚带蛇绿岩产出和岩石组成,以及对比基性岩脉和围岩方辉橄榄岩的地球化学和年代学特征,探讨两个带的关系和构造环境。北带错不扎、加纳崩和巴尔基性岩脉具有高Si、Al,低K、Ti、P特征,属钙碱性玄武质成分,锆石U-Pb年龄为125~128Ma;南亚带东波、普兰、休古嘎布基性岩具有高Mg、Ti,低Si、K特征,为低钾拉斑玄武质成分,锆石U-Pb年龄为120~130Ma。南北带基性岩具有类似产状和年代学,球粒陨石标准化曲线与NMORB一致;N-MORB标准化蛛网图中显示Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,指示洋内俯冲带弧前或弧后环境。此外,两带基性岩围岩方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、辉石、尖晶石具有类似的矿物成分特征,地球化学成分兼有弧前和深海地幔橄榄岩的特点,指示南北亚带蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带弧前环境。结合区域对比,南亚带蛇绿岩不发育沟-弧-盆体系,具有从北到南的构造侵位特征,南北亚带之间的仲巴微地体具有特提斯喜马拉雅的亲缘性,指示南北蛇绿岩亚带可能为相同大洋岩石圈的不同残余。     

青藏高原拉萨地块西部亚热南复式岩体年代学与地球化学

青藏高原拉萨地块发育着中新世斑岩,该后碰撞时期的斑岩因与斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床有着密切关系已被前人做过大量研究。然而对于拉萨地块西部未成矿斑岩岩体的年代学、地球化学报道研究较少。本文对拉萨地块西部亚热南复式岩体识别出的两类侵入岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究表明,亚热南复式岩体主要由始新世黑云母二长花岗岩(年龄49.4±0.9Ma)和中新世花岗斑岩(年龄16.3~16.5Ma)组成。始新世黑云母二长花岗岩属钾玄岩系列准铝质-弱过铝质,具有低的Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N值高Y、YbN值具有典型的岛弧岩浆岩性质;中新世花岗斑岩为钾玄岩系列、准铝质,具有类埃达克质特征。这两种岩性所反映的源区亦存在差别,始新世黑云母二长花岗岩源区为地幔楔混染过的中下地壳;而具有埃达克性质的花岗斑岩则可能是源于古老地壳部分熔融。结合年代学及构造背景,推论出始新世黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石成因为新特提斯洋板片断离引发混染过的中下地壳发生熔融并结晶分异形成;而中新世花岗斑岩则形成于某种动力学机制引发的古老下地壳熔融后侵位于上地壳。     

Use of reaction path modeling to predict the chemistry of stream water and groundwater: a case study from the Fiume Grande valley (Calabria,Italy)

The irreversible water–rock mass exchanges leading to the production of the Fiume Grande valley (Calabria, Italy) stream waters and groundwaters, starting from local rainwaters, were simulated through reaction path modeling in reaction progress (stoichiometric) mode. The simulations assumed bulk dissolution of a phyllitic rock and calcite and precipitation of gibbsite, kaolinite, amorphous silica, illite, a smectite solid mixture, a hydroxide solid mixture, and a trigonal carbonate solid mixture. The analytical contents of major and trace elements in stream waters and groundwaters were satisfactorily reproduced. However, further investigations are necessary to clarify the fate of As in this natural systems.

哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带中斜长角闪岩的地球化学、同位素年代学及其地质意义

哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带位于青藏高原东南缘,是西南三江地区重要的北西向造山带。杂岩带主要由各种类型的副片麻岩、片岩、石英岩、大理岩和斜长角闪岩构成,岩石发生强烈的糜棱岩化。本文在哀牢山变质杂岩带东南段元江和金平地区以及大象变质杂岩带北段老街和Pho Rang地区发现了中二叠-早三叠世的斜长角闪岩。岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄研究表明,这些斜长角闪岩可分为4组：第1组为元江斜长角闪岩,具有类似于E-MORB的稀土和微量元素配分曲线特征,锆石U-Pb定年显示其原岩形成年龄为272.5±1.7Ma;第2组为勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩,相比于元江斜长角闪岩（第1组）具有更高的轻/重稀土分馏程度,其稀土和微量元素配分曲线类似于E-MORB,微量元素比值（Nb/Yb、Th/Yb等）显示具有沿MORB-OIB序列演化的趋势,勐桥和马鞍底斜长角闪岩中的Ti含量和Ti/Y比值等特征分别类似于峨眉山低Ti玄武岩和高Ti玄武岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩形成于265.2±1.0Ma~266.2±1.0Ma和250.4±1.5Ma~248.7±1.6Ma,其中晚期岩石中含有261.2±1.5Ma~257.9±1.6Ma的继承锆石,该年龄与峨眉山玄武岩（约260Ma）近于同期。上述证据表明勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩岩浆演化过程中可能混染了部分具有OIB属性的峨眉山地幔柱物质成分;第3组为大象山老街-Pho Rang斜长角闪岩,具有类似于OIB的稀土和微量元素配分曲线特征,微量元素含量和比值（TiO₂=3.28%~4.31%,Nb/La=0.84~1.01,Ti/Y>500等）特征显示与峨眉山高Ti玄武岩相似的地球化学属性,表明峨眉山玄武岩在哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带内广泛分布,该岩石成分可能为勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩（第2组）的端元组分之一;第4组为大象山Pho Rang斜长角闪岩,该组岩石具有与元江斜长角闪岩（第1组）相似的E-MORB属性特征。进一步的研究表明,哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带中具有类似于E-MORB属性的斜长角闪岩均表现出不同程度的Nb、Ta元素亏损和Rb、Ba等大离子元素富集,微量元素比值（Nb/Yb（0.72~5.29）,Th/Yb（0.11~0.87）,La/Nb（0.91~8.83））等特征类似于岛弧玄武岩,这些特征指示其原岩岩浆可能是俯冲环境下地幔楔岩石部分熔融的产物。结合哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带、哀牢山-马江缝合带以及扬子地块之间的时-空关系,本文推测哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带内的E-MORB类型岩浆岩形成于东古特提斯支洋（即哀牢山-马江洋）向东的俯冲过程,其俯冲持续时间为中二叠-早三叠世（272~248Ma）。     

Tectonic,sedimentary and diagenetic controls on sediment maturity of lower Cambrian quartz arenite from southwestern Baltica

Lower Cambrian quartz arenitic deposits have a worldwide occurrence. In this study, petrographic and mineralogical analyses were carried out on samples from the quartz‐rich Ringsaker Member of the Vangsås Formation from southern Norway and the corresponding Hardeberga Formation from southern Sweden and on the Danish island of Bornholm. The quartz arenite is almost completely quartz cemented and has an average intergranular volume of 30%. The quartz cement is the dominating cause for porosity loss. Dissolution along stylolites and microstylolites is suggested to be the primary and secondary source for the quartz cement respectively. The quartzose sandstone from southern Norway was severely cemented prior to the Caledonian Orogeny, thus limiting the tectonic influence on diagenesis during thrusting. For most samples, authigenic clay minerals and detrital phyllosilicates represent ca. 5% of the present‐day composition. This, together with a low feldspar content, of on average 4%, indicates that the sediment was extremely quartz‐rich already during deposition. The low amount of feldspar prior to burial and the formation of early diagenetic kaolinite point to weathering, sediment reworking and early diagenesis act as important controls on sediment maturity. The large variation in clay‐mineral and feldspar content between the localities, as well as within the sandstone successions, can be explained by different palaeogeography on the shelf during deposition and subsequently dissimilar subjection to reworking and early diagenetic processes. Weathering in the provenance area, reworking in the depositional shallow‐marine environment and meteoric flushing during the burial stage are suggested to explain the high mineralogical maturity of the lower Cambrian sandstone from southwestern Baltica. These processes may generally account for similar quartz‐rich shallow‐marine sandstone units, deposited as a result of intensive continental denudation and during temperate to subtropical and moderately humid conditions.     

Geochemical characteristics of REY,Li, Ga trace elements in the No. 9 coal seam of the Daheng mine,Ningwu coalfield,Shanxi Province,China

To understand the geochemical characteristics of the No.9 coal in the Daheng Mine of the Ningwu coalfield, the trace element analysis was conducted through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sedimentary environment was discussed according to the element geochemical parameters. The results show that Li, Ga, Hf, Zr, Nb, Th, and Ta are slightly enriched in the No. 9 coal of Daheng Mine. The average value of the rare earth elements and yttrium (∑REY) in coal here is 144.20 μg/g (excluding parting), which is higher than the average value of ∑REY in the world ’s coal and China ’s coal. The light rare earth elements (LREY) are enriched. The content of Eu was 0.12–2.10 μg/g with an average of 0.57 μg/g, and the Eu is obviously negatively abnormal. Most of the trace elements in the coal are positively correlated with the ash content, which shows that the occurrence of these trace elements is related to inorganic minerals. The results of sequential chemical extraction experiments show that rare earth elements mainly exist in coal in the form of aluminosilicate. The value of the Sr/Ba and the content of S reflect that the coal-forming environment was influenced by seawater. The values of V/Cr and Ni/Co reflect that the peat swamp is in an anaerobic environment and a strongly reducing environment during the coal-forming period.