准噶尔盆地陆梁地区复式油气成藏系统初探

准噶尔盆地陆梁油田的发现表明盆地腹部具有复式油气成藏系统特征,形成多源、多藏和多期次的混源现象。该区可划分为玛湖凹陷—环玛湖东斜坡油气成藏子系统、盆1井西凹陷—石南油田油气成藏子系统及盆1井西凹陷—陆梁油田油气成藏子系统。前者中,烃源灶为玛湖凹陷的风城组,成藏时期分别为晚三叠世及中侏罗世末期,成藏通道为不整合面及扇状砂体,主要形成扇体和古潜山油气藏。盆1井西凹陷—石南油田油气成藏子系统中,烃源灶主要为盆1井西凹陷的风城组,成藏时期分别为早白垩世及古近纪末期,成藏通道主要为断层及不整合面,具有阶梯状成藏特征。盆1井西凹陷—陆梁油田油气成藏子系统中,烃源灶主要为盆1井西凹陷的乌尔禾组,成藏时期分别为中侏罗世末期—早白垩世及古近纪末期,成藏通道主要为断层、不整合面及连通砂体,具有环状成藏特征。各子系统形成的原油特征也有着较大差异。各成藏子系统的分布基本受盆地的构造形态及烃源灶控制,即:玛湖凹陷—环玛湖东斜坡油气成藏子系统相对比较独立,盆1井西凹陷—陆梁油田油气成藏子系统是盆1井西凹陷—石南油田油气成藏子系统的延续与发展。断层和不整合面构成的空间输导网络为各子系统的成藏创造了有利条件。     

无量河考

近年一些图集等将我国西南横断山区北部的理塘河标注为无量河。作者从有关地图、历史文献考证了无量河并非理塘河,而是今日的水落河。     

理塘断裂带沙湾段的晚第四纪活动性*

理塘断裂带沙湾段展布于四川西南部的木里河流域,处于理塘断裂带的南东尾端,为左旋走滑运动性质。文章在航空照片判译的基础上,通过野外研究发现,该断裂段的断错地貌现象主要集中分布在绒龙沟-沙湾的木里河东岸坡麓地带,表现为断层陡坎、断塞塘、断错冲沟、河流阶地及洪积扇等。由5个地点的断裂位错值和位错开始的年代学(TL和¹⁴ C)测试结果,估计的该断裂段晚更新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为2.1±0.3mm/a。在该断裂上开挖的3个探槽资料表明,该断裂段存在史前强震的地质记录,最晚一次强震的发生时间介于1310±90~950±30aB.P.之间,强震所导致的垂直位错量约0.5m, 同震水平位错1.30~1.45m左右。根据同震位错量及断裂长度估计的地震震级为7.0级左右。     

四川理塘水温强震前异常变化特征及效能检验

1976年以来,四川理塘温泉水温观测积累了大量的观测资料及异常变化信息。通过对理塘温泉周边7级以上地震前理塘水温原始观测值出现的显著变化进行总结,发现理塘温泉水温在多次7级以上地震前均出现了大幅度破年变下降,下降变化幅度超过5℃,持续低值状态时间超过半年。同时,利用Molchan图表法计算理塘水温的原始观测值、一阶差分原始值及绝对值、去趋势差分值、滑动值,并对经验模式和Dobrovolsky地震能量模型所选取的2个地震目录分别进行了检验和分析,计算时间占有率、预测效能和概率增益等参数。结果显示,由于经验模式条目少于Dobrovolsky地震能量模型所筛选的条目,计算出的预报效能整体高于Dobrovolsky地震能量模型,而其中一阶差分原始值及绝对值检验结果较好,其差分绝对值在阈值为4.89℃时的预报效能为0.6,证明理塘水温短时间内温度大幅变化与周边地震存在对应关系,该阈值也较为接近经验预报的相关阈值。     

四川省理塘县日乃金矿床地质特征及控矿因素

四川省日乃金矿位于甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带的南段,区内中生代构造-岩浆活动强烈,发育上、下两套蛇绿岩,日乃金矿即赋存于上部的瓦能蛇绿岩组中,矿化带主要发育在区域性断裂次级的F6和F7之间的断裂破碎带中,矿化范围具有中-低温热液蚀变,形成3条金矿化带,矿体为脉状,长520~1120 m,宽5.18~6.97 m;矿体倾向NW,倾角40°~75°;矿石品位w（Au）=1.89×10^-6~3.77×10^-6;矿石的主要含金矿物为黄铁矿和毒砂。根据金矿地质特征和主要控矿因素提出矿床的成因类型为与燕山晚期构造-岩浆活动有关的热液交代充填型金矿床,同时归纳了日乃金矿床的控矿因素。     

Garnet amphibolites from the Ganzi–Litang fault zone,eastern Tibetan Plateau: mineralogy,geochemistry, and implications for evolution of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys Realm

The Ganzi–Litang fault zone, an outstanding tectonic element in the eastern Tibetan Plateau has been intensively debated as an in-situ suture zone marking relict of a subducted Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic crust or a failed intracontinental rift. This paper reports the garnet amphibolites discovered along the Ganzi–Litang fault zone, eastern Tibetan Plateau. These garnet amphibolites are characterized by the garnet–hornblende–rutile–sphene–plagioclase–quartz assemblage. Conventional geothermobarometry figures out the metamorphic temperature and pressure conditions at 582–626°C and 1.61–1.82 GPa, respectively. Geochemical analysis (no Nb–Ta deletions and left-inclined to flat patterns of rare-earth elements) indicates that the garnet amphibolites could represent metamorphic product of the mid-ocean-ridge (MORB)-type mafic rocks that were contaminated by a mantle plume. The protolith of the garnet amphibolites was dated at 236 Ma using in-situ U–Pb zircon method, and the retrograde metamorphism was dated at 218 Ma using in-situ U–Pb sphene method. A comprehensive analysis combined with the development of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and the Yidun arc through geologic time indicates a Triassic to Early Jurassic age (236–195 Ma) for the metamorphism of the garnet amphibolites. The low geothermal gradient of 9.8ºC/km and the N-MORB nature of the garnet amphibolites suggest a subduction-zone environment for the high-pressure metamorphism. Therefore, the Ganzi–Litang fault zone is a Palaeo-Tethyan suture separating the Yidun arc and the Songpan–Ganzi terrane, representing the relics of a branch of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean that was contaminated by a mantle plume.     

Deformation along a salient-transverse zone junction: An example from the Leamington transverse zone,Utah, Sevier fold-thrust belt (USA)

Within fold-thrust belts, the junctions between salients and recesses may hold critical clues to the overall kinematic history of fold-thrust belts. The deformation history within these junctions is best preserved in areas where thrust sheets extend from a salient through an adjacent recess. We examine one such junction within the Sevier fold-thrust belt (western United States) along the Leamington transverse zone, northern Utah. The Canyon Range thrust sheet can be traced continuously from the Leamington transverse zone to its adjacent salient to the south, the Central Utah segment. Deformation within the Canyon Range thrust sheet took place by faulting and cataclastic flow. Analyses of these fault networks preserved throughout the Canyon Range thrust sheet are used to develop a kinematic history of the Leamington transverse zone. Field data is supplemented by analog sandbox experiments. This study suggests that, in detail, deformation within the overlying thrust sheet may not directly reflect the underlying basement structure. Moreover, these junctions may contain several types of accommodating structures that helped to maintain critical-taper and that serve as potential targets for natural resource exploration.     

甘孜—理塘结合带通宵—理塘沿线蛇绿岩研究

蛇绿岩以岩块形式镶嵌于甘孜—理塘结合带内,经拼合可见一个较为完整的蛇绿岩套。形成于洋中脊环境,火山岩显示张裂速率大于3cm.a-1,形成时代为晚三叠世。     

汶川M_S 8.0地震:龙门山断裂两侧地壳各向异性的初步研究

利用中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室在川西地区布设的大规模密集流动宽频带地震台阵记录的远震P波波形数据,分别采用波形互相关和加权叠加方法研究了地壳各向异性。作为初步结果,得到了龙门山断裂两侧4个宽频带流动台站的接收函数莫霍面Ps转换震相快波方向和分裂时间延迟。结果表明:1)波形互相关方法总体上优于方位加权叠加方法,它不但可以给出快波方位,而且可以给出快慢波的时间延迟;方位加权叠加方法测量结果存在不确定性,其原因在于难以确定介质各向异性对称轴的方位;同时采用上述2种不同方法研究地壳各向异性参数有助于判断测量结果的可靠性;2)四川盆地内快波偏振方位基本一致,表明四川盆地地壳整体性较好,横向非均匀变形较弱;3)以汶川地震主震的震中区为界,松潘-甘孜地块北侧快波偏振方位与龙门山断裂近于平行,表明在四川盆地坚硬地壳的阻挡作用下,龙门山断裂附近松潘-甘孜地块北侧可能存在中下地壳软弱物质沿断层向NE方向的扩张变形,而其南侧处于正向挤压的状态。该结果有助于解释汶川MS8.0地震的单侧破裂过程及其余震发育的特征     

The importance of the effective intermediate principal stress (σ′2) to fault slip patterns

In normal faulting regimes, the magnitudes and orientations of the maximum and minimum principal compressive stresses may be known with some confidence. However, the magnitude of the intermediate principal compressive stress is generally much more difficult to constrain and is often not considered to be an important factor. In this paper, we show that the slip characteristics of faults and fractures with complex or nonoptimal geometry are highly sensitive to variation or uncertainty in the ambient effective intermediate principal stress (σ′₂). Optimally oriented faults and fractures may be less sensitive to such variations or uncertainties. Slip tendency (T_s) analysis provides a basis for quantifying the effects of uncertainty in the magnitudes and orientations of all principal stresses and in any stress regime, thereby focusing efforts on the most important components of the system. We also show, for a normal faulting stress regime, that the proportion of potential surfaces experiencing high slip tendency (e.g., T_s ≥ 0.6) decreases from a maximum of about 38% where σ′₂ = σ′₃, to a minimum of approximately 14% where σ′₂ is halfway between σ′₃ and σ′₁, and increases to another high of approximately 29% where σ′₂ = σ′₁. This analysis illustrates the influence of the magnitude of σ′₂ on rock mass strength, an observation previously documented by experimental rock deformation studies. Because of the link between fault and fracture slip characteristics and transmissivity in critically stressed rock, this analysis can provide new insights into stress-controlled fault transmissivity.