基于BIF条带状铁建造矿化特征的国际铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本定量研究

国内外铁矿石价格对标基准多采用离岸价或到岸价,而非盈亏平衡运营成本,难以揭示我国铁矿石所面对的真实市场承压价格。为了厘清国际一线生产商的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格,本文对世界上最重要的条带状铁建造(BIF)矿产地——西澳哈默斯利盆地高品位赤铁矿矿床的矿化特征及代表性铁矿石产品展开系统研究,同时引入巴西铁四角地区的铁英岩型赤铁矿矿石作为对照,分析全球典型高品位赤铁矿矿石经济指标。结合前人研究成果,将西澳哈默斯利盆地与BIF相关的高品位赤铁矿的富集矿化类型划分为假象赤铁矿-针铁矿、微板状赤铁矿与河道沉积型赤铁矿,巴西铁四角主要为铁英岩型赤铁矿。上述各矿化类型对应的铁矿石产品的铁元素含量均高于56%;在杂质元素含量上,假象赤铁矿-针铁矿的磷含量高,微板状赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较高,河道沉积型赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较低,铁英岩型赤铁矿含锰。经定量估算,西澳力拓、必和必拓、FMG和巴西淡水河谷的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格分别为34.66、36.76、47.35、38.07美元/干吨,可为中国海外权益铁矿项目开发提供运营成本的参考。     

高效液相色谱-催化伏安法测定稀土元素

报道了Ag(Hg)-Pt-Ag三电极系统,流动型固体电极微电解池作为高效液相色谱的催化伏安检测器,用于Ho、Dy、Tb、Gd四种稀土元素的分离与检测。比较详细地讨论了稀土元素在银汞膜电极上的吸附催化过程,实验证明这是一个络合吸附过程,其检出限可达4μg/L,确定了络合物的络合比。     

Comparison of petrogenetic signatures between mantle-derived alkali silicate intrusives with and without associated carbonatite, Namibia

We compare the petrogenetic and chemical signatures of two alkali silicate suites from the Cretaceous Damaraland igneous province (Namibia), one with and one without associated carbonatite, in order to explore their differences in terms of magma source and evolution. The Etaneno complex occurs in close spatial proximity to the Kalkfeld bimodal carbonatite–alkali silicate complex, and is dominated by nepheline (ne)-monzosyenites and ne-bearing alkali feldspar syenites. The Etaneno samples have isotopic compositions of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(i)=0.70462–0.70508 and Nd=−0.5 to −1.5, with the highest ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(i) and lowest Nd values observed in evolved samples. The magma differentiated via olivine, feldspar, clinopyroxene, and nepheline (ne) fractionation in a F-rich system, which fractionated Zr from Hf, and Y from Ho. Partly glassy, recrystallized inclusions in some samples are less evolved than their host rocks and contain a cumulate component (nepheline, plagioclase). The Kalkfeld ne-foidites (ijolites) and ne-syenites have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(i)=0.70285–0.70592 and Nd=0.5 to 1.1. The isotope ratios show no consistent variation with rock composition, and they are in the same range as the associated carbonatites. The Kalkfeld silicate magma fractionated nepheline and alkali-feldspar in a CO₂-dominated, F- and Ca-poor system. As a result, the rocks display some major and trace element trends distinctly different from those of the Etaneno samples.

We suggest that the Etaneno and the Kalkfeld magmas represent different melt fractions of a heterogeneous mantle source, resulting in different compositions especially with respect to CO₂ contents of the primitive, parental magmas. In this scenario, the carbonated alkali silicate Kalkfeld parental melt contained a critical CO₂ concentration and underwent liquid separation of carbonate and silicate melt fractions at crustal depths. The resulting silicate melt fraction experienced a very different mode of differentiation than the carbonate-poor Etaneno parental magma. Thus, the Kalkfeld rocks are depleted in Ca and other divalent cations, as well as F, rare-earth elements (REE), Ba, and P relative to the Etaneno syenites. We interpret these differences to reflect the partitioning of these elements into the carbonate melt fraction during immiscible separation.     

固体径迹探测技术在环境氡监测中的应用

对醋酸纤维素和CR-39探测器进行比较研究,在确定两种探测器的蚀刻条件和改进径迹计数方法的基础上,对CR-39探测器进行刻度,刻度系数为0.035 Tc/cm2/Bq.h/m3。应用固体径迹测氡方法对安阳地区和成都市室内外氡浓度进行测量,结果表明安阳地区室内外氡浓度范围在13.0 Bq/m3~54.2 Bq/m3之间,成都市室内外氡浓度范围14.1 Bq/m3~43.2 Bq/m3之间,低于GB/t16146-1995规定的氡浓度标准。监测过程发现,装饰地板材料是影响室内氡浓度的一个主要因素,水泥厂、钢铁厂等工业污染是影响室外氡浓度水平的重要因素。     

FY2D卫星与GOES卫星空间粒子观测结果的对比分析

风云二号D星(FY2D)搭载的空间粒子探测器可以观测10～300 MeV的质子和≥350 keV与≥2 MeV的电子.卫星在轨测试阶段,空间粒子探测器观测到了空间环境宁静期间地球同步轨道的电子昼夜周期变化的典型特征,并在卫星发射后的12月15日首次观测到了有代表性的 2级太阳质子事件(SEP),观测到的较高能量质子比较低能量质子更快地恢复到平静时的状态.通过比较FY2D卫星与GOES卫星的探测结果,既显示了同步轨道区域不同位置高能电子通量扰动时间的一致性,也显示了高能电子通量具强烈的晨昏不对称性.通过对太阳质子事件和地磁平静时期该轨道空间高能粒子环境特征的分析和研究,并与GOES卫星同期的观测结果进行相关性分析,结果表明仪器确实具备了监测空间环境扰动和预警能力,探测结果可以用于研究地球同步轨道粒子空间分布、起源和传输等科学目的.     

基于地理探测器的地域社会认同空间分异研究

本文在统合社会认同与地方概念的基础上提出地域社会认同.从新型城镇化道路的提出到社会主要矛盾的转变,新时代的区域研究需要由以工业化为引领或以城市土地扩张为引领的"空间效率导向型"研究迈向"空间公平/正义导向型"研究,因此客观经济发展与主观社会认知的配适性研究亟待开展.在研究方法上,以空间异质性为基础运用地理探测器分析了地...     

地基微波辐射计的雨天探测

该文讨论了地基微波辐射计在雨天探测遇到的问题及可能的解决途径.介绍了对天线着水层做的仪器订正,给出了用一维雨天大气辐射传输模式模拟得到的反演水汽总量Q和云液水总量L的方法,并给出雨天观测资料的统计分析实例.结果表明,在雨强小于20mm/h范围内，都有可能由地基辐射计测值定量得到Q和L雨天探测遇到的技术问题正在逐步解决；目前我们已能在统计意义上测量天气过程的降水效率等参量。     

Testing the ability of bentonite-amended natural zeolite (clinoptinolite) to remove heavy metals from liquid waste

 The design of environmentally sound liquid waste containment structures has become a crucial task in engineering applications due to ever increasing groundwater contamination from such sites. Construction of such structures usually requires a bottom liner of low hydraulic conductivity as part of the design. In order to reduce the hazards associated with liquid wastes including landfill leachate, bentonite-amended natural zeolite is proposed as an alternative to conventional earthen liners. Among many contaminants associated with liquid wastes, heavy metals are the most dangerous ones. This paper deals with determining the ability of natural zeolite to remove heavy metals from aqueous waste. For this purpose, crushed natural zeolite (clinoptinolite) is amended with commercial powdered bentonite to yield a soil mixture low in permeability and high in ion-exchange capacity. Leachate from a conventional landfill is used as the percolation fluid. Concentrations of certain heavy metals in the effluent fluid percolated through the bentonite-zeolite mixture are compared with that of initial leachate. The conclusion is reached that certain metals are efficiently removed from the influent solution by the soil matrix whereas some ions do not show significant reduction in concentration. This is attributed to high hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite-zeolite mixture.     

海洋一号卫星水色水温扫描仪红外信息获取

对海温分布与变化的探测是海洋一号卫星主载荷水色水温扫描仪（简称水色仪，COCTS）的主要任务之一。考虑到对海冰和海洋上空台风等气象要素的同时探测，实际水温探测通道的动态范围要求涵盖200—320 K的温度区间。由于某些洋面区域微弱温度的变化将会导致严重天气灾害的发生，因此海温探测通道还需满足探测灵敏度与定量化的精度要求。本文旨在依据技术指标要求，设计水色仪红外通道的信息获取电路，包括对探测器微弱信号进行放大的前置放大电路，消除基础电平以提高动态范围的交流放大器，以及实现信号的直流恢复与动态范围调整的通道放大电路。基于对所使用的光导型红外探测器工作机理的研究，结合水色仪的系统组成与特性，为确保同时满足高动态范围与高灵敏度这一对相互矛盾的指标要求，通过理论分析计算、电路仿真等方法，确定各级放大电路的形式及参数。在真空环境模拟实验室对水色仪的系统性能进行测定，以验证信息获取电路设计的合理性。在实验室进行的红外辐射定标结果表明和在轨测试结果均表明，水色仪两个红外通道的动态范围和噪声等效温差（NETD）均能较好的满足技术指标要求。红外通道能够实时跟踪星上黑体信号随时间与周围环境的变化，可据此来对红外通道的定标系数进行即时修正，从而达到预期的在轨实时辐射定标的目的，为定量化反演海温奠定了基础，并能获取且制作出高质量的全球海温产品。     

Remote sensing classification approach to large-scale crop cultivation identification: A case study of the Aral Sea Basin

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the crop cultivation structure in the Aral Sea Basin has changed dramatically, and these changes are worth studying. However, historical crop remote sensing mapping at the watershed scale remains challenging, especially crop misclassification at the cropland edge due to mixed pixels. Therefore, we proposed a field segmentation approach to constrain field edges based on time-series Sentinel-2 remote sensing images and the Google Earth Engine platform and then employed the random forest algorithm to perform crop classification based on time series Landsat/Sentinel-2 images and crop phenology information to produce historical crop maps in the Aral Sea Basin from the 1990s onward. The results showed that the intersection over union between the extracted field edges and in situ-measured field size data was 0.65. The overall accuracy of crop mapping was 95.2% in 2019. Then, we extended our method to historical mapping over the 1991–2015 period with accuracies ranging from 82.8% to 91.3%. Moreover, our method applied to historical mapping works well in terms of accuracy and policy matching. These findings indicate that our method can accurately distinguish cropland edges to reduce classification errors due to mixed pixels. This method is promising for solving the cropland edge problem for historical crop mapping in the Aral Sea Basin and can potentially provide a reference for historical crop classification in other watersheds of the world.