富源东铺中低温热液、叠加金矿

东铺金矿成矿物质来源于海底火山喷流作用及壳源含金热流的再循环。边缘深大断裂控盆和产生的多期表部脆性变形，除使区域上古生界地层和早期形成的(火山喷发不整合)结构面卷入构造变形，形成不同规模、不同形状、不同性质的剪切透镜体、断层三角块和变形面理外，同时由于深部与浅表部构造的互通，使区内形成含金高热流场，导致不同层次的含金热流沿性质已发生改变的华力西不整合面(带)成矿与控矿。中低温热液交代充填，叠加冷水含金矿液次生淋漓作用，构成了区内独具特色的二元矿床类型。     

新疆北部地区上古生界火山岩分布及其构造环境

新疆北部地区石炭系火山岩主要发育于石炭纪-早二叠世由洋盆向陆内盆地转换阶段,发育碰撞与碰撞后伸展期两类构造环境火山岩; 围绕造山带构成西准噶尔、东准噶尔、准南三大岩区; 石炭系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合,二叠系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。下石炭统多表现为碰撞期活动陆缘构造环境海相中基性火山岩,上石炭统表现为被动陆缘海陆过渡相钙碱性系列中酸性火山岩; 下二叠统表现为陆相偏碱性中基性、中酸性火山岩。西准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套海陆交互相中基性火山岩组合,具汇聚岛弧过渡壳特点。东准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套基性、中酸性岩石组合,具早期岛弧挤压、晚期板内伸展环境特征; 准南博格达山前表现为典型裂谷环境火山岩。二叠系火山岩均为碰撞期后板内伸展构造环境,主要分布于西准噶尔岩区; 表现为东准卡拉麦里残留洋最先闭合隆升,西准达尔布特残留洋随后闭合,最后是北天山洋关闭构造演化次序。新疆北部地区上古生界石炭系-下二叠统火山岩油气成藏多遵循“源控论”,主要围绕石炭系与下二叠统烃源岩发育区、有效生烃中心于构造高部位成藏,晚石炭世伸展裂陷应为有利勘探领域。     

火山岩—侵入岩的联系

关于侵入岩和火山岩二者之间的联系,已有上百年的争论。该争论主要集中于中—酸性岩,对于长英质火山岩的岩浆来源目前主要有2种观点：（1）由花岗质岩浆的“晶粥”中的熔体抽离而来;（2）与同期侵入岩无关,具有独立的岩浆形成过程。近些年来,随着高精度定年测试方法的进步和地球物理等研究方式的介入,对长英质火山岩和侵入岩二者的成因联系有了新的认知,“晶粥”模型和“穿地壳岩浆系统”受到较多关注,但同时也带来了新的矛盾和问题。文章系统总结了火山岩与侵入岩联系的不同观点、历史沿革、以及不同研究方法引起的争议,展望了该领域未来研究前景;提出大数据总体上展现出的长英质火山岩和侵入岩之间强烈的地球化学相似性,但这种总体上的相似性并不排除特定区域某个火山—侵入杂岩中的火山岩和侵入岩之间存在地球化学的差异,并在成因上符合“晶粥”模型。文章指出,深部探测、原位精细分析和实验模拟是火山岩—侵入岩成因联系研究方面有望取得突破的重要研究方向,而将火山岩—侵入岩形成机制与大陆演化和环境变迁等问题的研究有机结合可能是未来的重要研究领域。     

长白山火山最新监测信息

长白山火山最新监测结果显示,自2010年5月份开始,聚龙温泉2个泉点水温同步上升了3℃;2010年长白山北坡垂直位移量打破了火山锥体每年升高4mm左右的规律:与2009年相比,火山锥体的位移在垂向上发生逆转,海拔最高的水准点在1年内突降12.72mm.本文针对上述2个最新的火山监测信息进行了报道,并对造成这种变化的可能原因进行了讨论.火山活动进入活跃时段的标志是大量火山地震、震群的发生,以及幔源岩浆气体He含量的大幅度上升.然而,现阶段长白山火山区并未出现这2种现象.因此,本文讨论的2个异常还不足以作为长白山火山已经进入新的活跃时段的证据,准确的预测应该密切关注火山地震和幔源气体含量的变化.最后通过N2-He-CO2三角图解初步研究了天池火山气体来源,结果显示:2002～2005年火山出现“初始扰动”,深部气体He含量升高,三角图解中气体向He角运移;2005年后火山转入平静状态,气体组份又开始向N2角运移.He浓度的变化特征反应了岩浆房内岩浆成分的变化过程.     

华南火山岩及铀成矿相关的Sr,Nd,Pb同位素演化规律研究

本文应用Ｓｒ,Ｎｄ,Ｐｂ同位素演化示踪获得：华南各地区中生代火山岩的同位素演化受区域古陆（基底）变质岩、早期改造衍生体和再循环陆壳制约;铀成矿同位素组成具有地壳来源性。燕山期大陆边缘增生作用,导致陆内下地壳岩浆活动及拉张裂陷等地壳运动,促成铀的迁移富集成矿。     

西昆仑赞坎地区古元古代化学沉积岩系的地球化学及微区特征研究

赞坎铁矿是西昆仑地区典型的铁矿床之一,该矿区内存在一套共生的化学沉积岩系"铁矿层和硅质岩"。本研究对该化学沉积岩系的宏观地球化学特征和微观矿物学组构及矿物地球化学特征进行了分析和探讨,研究结果支持赞坎铁矿为遭受了改造的沉积变质型铁矿并形成于类似大陆边缘海相环境。显微镜下,富铁矿石主要包含石英、磁铁矿和硅酸盐矿物并具有明显的条带状构造,而硅质岩则表现为细-微晶石英颗粒构成的紧密堆积结构。矿石富铁条带的XRD和EBSD分析结果表明,该矿石富铁条带内的主要矿物为磁铁矿、辉石和微量磷灰石,磁铁矿颗粒的晶胞参数为a=b=c=8.394A,z=8并吻合沉积变质型铁矿的特征。LA-ICPMS分析结果表明,磁铁矿内杂质元素的氧化物平均含量按照Cr_2O_3(2764×10~(-6))、Al_2O_3(2494×10~(-6))、V_2O_5(1494×10~(-6))、SiO_2(1255×10~(-6))、TiO_2(589.7×10~(-6))、MnO(162.5×10~(-6))、MgO(114.9×10~(-6))依次降低,其地球化学示踪结果吻合沉积变质型铁矿的特征。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,硅质岩的SiO_2含量70.58%~81.78%、Ba含量平均372.4×10~(-6)、U含量平均2.21×10~(-6)、ΣREE值平均97.37×10~(-6),这些特征总体上吻合热水成因,而部分样品偏高的Al_2O_3含量和∑REE值及无明显Eu异常则指示了非热水成因陆源沉积物的贡献;硅质岩的Al/(A1+Fe+Mn)值0.68~0.96、MnO/TiO_2值0.00~0.05、Al/(Al+Fe)值0.74~0.97、Sc/Th值2.22~7.07、U/Th值0.33~0.86、Al_2O_3/TiO_2值平均32.24吻合,这些指标指示其形成于类似大陆边缘海相的沉积环境;硅质岩的Ni/Co平均3.10吻合富氧环境,Sr/Ba值平均0.23指示该硅质岩形成环境的水动力总体偏弱,这说明赞坎地区硅质岩及铁矿的原始形成环境相对富氧且水动力总体偏弱。由于遭受了后期的构造-岩浆事件改造,赞坎铁矿的矿石地球化学特征与典型BIF存在略微的差异,但其岩石学、宏观地球化学和微区矿物学特征均在总体上吻合沉积变质型BIF的特点。综上所述,赞坎铁矿属于早前寒武纪的沉积变质型BIF铁矿,该铁矿形成于类似大陆边缘海相环境并遭受了后期构造-岩浆事件的改造。     

略论五大连池火山地震

五大连池火山爆发可分为两期、三个亚期。其中史前一期、两个亚期;有史以来一期、一个亚期。近半个世纪以来,该区地震频繁,且从微震至中强震,震源较浅,具有小震群、构造与岩浆活动等复杂震源机制的特点。初步分析,该区地震是其火山活动的组成部分。     

Seismic assessment of phreatic-explosion hazard at ‘La Fossa’ Volcano (Island of Vulcano,Italy)

Active volcanic areas are sometimes affected by phreatic eruptions, which are explosions due to the outbreak of a confined pocket of steam and gas without the direct involvement of molten magma. Eruptive activity at La Fossa Volcano, Island of Vulcano (Italy), typically starts with a phreatic explosion, continues as phreatomagmatic and turns into a late magmatic stage, depending on the reduction in the efficiency of magma-water interaction. The present risk is mainly related to a village located at the very foot of the active volcanic cone, which in summer seasons is inhabited by more than 10,000 people. Because the last eruptive episode occurred in 1888–1890, when no local instrumental control was performed, the scientific community does not have any information about the seismic phenomena which could precede the initial phreatic blast. Inferences from similar monitored volcanoes, which awakened in the last few years after more or less long quiescence, are therefore made to tentatively depict possible pre-eruptive seismic scenarios and also to evaluate the most appropriate surveillance and alert criteria to adopt. Appreciable signs of volcanic unrest have been detected in recent years, mainly related to modifications in the physical and chemical features of fumarolic fluids discharged at the active crater. Following the classification of local seismic shocks, the recording oflong-period events (peak frequency 2 Hz) should be taken into account as a realistic seismic warning of volcanic hazard enhancement. A likely short-term seismic precursor may be finally given by the appearance of the so-calledbanded tremor, a seismic signal likely produced by intermittent hydrothermal boiling accompanying the hydraulic fracturing of rocks at the top of a pressurized aquifer. Real-time recognition of tremor can be therefore very useful to avoid, at least, injuries to volcanologists and visitors working or staying on the most dangerous sectors of the volcano.     

The Late Paleozoic felsic lava-dominated large igneous province in northeast Germany: volcanic facies analysis based on drill cores

In the deep subsurface of the northeast German basin products of extensive volcanism are present that formed during the waning phase of the Variscan orogeny (Permian–Carboniferous boundary). Large volumes (≥48,000 km³) of dominantly felsic magma were emplaced in the northern foreland of the Variscan mountains in a terrestrial semi-arid environment. Most of these units were inferred by previous authors to represent the products of explosive volcanic eruptions such as ignimbrites. However, a detailed analysis of the volcanic texture and lithofacies association shows that most units are best interpreted as coherent lavas emplaced either as extrusive units or as shallow intrusions, with important implications for the reconstruction of the paleo-environment. This study shows that detailed textural examination of drill cores provide important observations, which can be applied as criteria for the interpretation of the mode of volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, phenocryst logging and geochemical fingerprinting based on immobile element ratios can be employed for the classification and discrimination of individual emplacement units.     

溧阳戴埠火山岩开放体系岩浆活动探讨

戴埠下火山岩系层序—岩相—成分演化之间关系研究表明,火山产物是从十个喷发中心经深部岩浆脉动式补充、快速分异、间歇式喷发所形成。第一和第二旋回之间具沉积间断,而且喷发中心迁移与新生岩浆补充相对应。在两个旋回内部,中性和酸性喷发产物都具宽的或较宽的成分范围和快速分异特点。中性溢流相之后,从中酸性火山屑碎流相至酸性溢流相或侵出相的喷发强度降低,是岩浆房萃取深度降低的结果。分离结晶和同化作用是岩浆演化的主要原因。