Gender Differences in the Association between Common Mental Disorders and Regional Deprivation in Ireland

This article aims to add a gender and place perspective to our understanding of depression and anxiety (common mental disorders [CMDs]) through the use of multilevel models. To date, regional variations in the prevalence of CMDs in Ireland have not been explained adequately. Using data from the 2007 Quarterly National Household Survey special module on health and health service utilization, this article examines whether regional differences in CMDs persist after accounting for both individual and regional characteristics. The null model indicated that 2 percent of the variance in CMDs occurred at the regional level. Including contextual interaction variables, the level of variance at the regional level increased to 3.3 percent. Of specific interest to this article was the association between place-based deprivation and gender on CMDs at the regional level. This article found that although regional deprivation alone did not have a significant impact on CMDs, the interaction between female and regional relative deprivation was significant. Specifically, this means that women living in more deprived regions tend to have a greater number of CMDs.     

Original Sedimentary Pattern of an Inverted Basin: A Case Study from the Bozhong Depression, Offshore Bohai Bay Basin

The third member of Shahejie Formation(Sha-3 member; 42–38Ma of Eocene) in the Bozhong Depression,offshore Bohai Bay Basin was subject to multiple post-depositional modifications. The present structural framework of the Bozhong Depression,which is characterized by sags alternating with uplifts,does not reflect its original sedimentary pattern. Previous studies have not discussed the post-depositional modification of this succession,including the sedimentary pattern variations and the depositional geodynamic setting. This work determined the characteristics of the post-depositional modification and original sedimentary pattern of the Bozhong Depression through analysis of seismic data,well-log data and fission-track ages. The results demonstrate that the Shijiutuo rise,a major structural feature of the current basin,did not exist during the major depositional stage of the Sha-3 member,when the Qinnan sag was largely connected to the Bozhong sag to form a single contiguous deposition area within the basin. By contrast,the Shaleitian and Chengbei rises,located in the western part of the Bozhong Depression,have existed before the depositional period of the Eocene Sha-3 member; these features were manifested as syn-depositional tilted fault blocks,the uplifted footwall blocks of which provided sediments for the neighboring Shanan and Chengbei sags. The western part of the Bonan low rise,located in the southern part of the Bozhong Depression,did not experience uplifting during the depositional phase of the Eocene Sha-3 member. The Huanghekou sag was connected with the Bozhong sag in the western part of the Bozhong Depression. The original sedimentary boundary of the southern Miaoxi sag possibly extended eastward about 10 km and connected with the Bozhong sag at its northern part. The present-day Bodong low rise,which is bounded by the Tan–Lu fault zone,also formed after the depositional period of Eocene Sha-3 member. It is thus concluded that the Bozhong Depression formed a connected large-scale sub-basin during the depositional stage of the Eocene Sha-3 member. Several neighboring sags that are now separated by rises,including the Qinnan,Shanan,Chengbei,Huanghekou,Miaoxi and Bodong sags,formed a single contiguous depositional area during the Eocene. The significant differences between the present and original basin patter and framework provide valuable information for better understanding the history of basin inversion and its impact on related hydrocarbon-system evolution.     

珠江口盆地长昌-鹤山凹陷古近系沉积-构造耦合关系

长昌-鹤山凹陷为珠江口盆地珠四坳陷NE-SW走向的凹陷,是珠江口盆地继白云、荔湾深水区油气突破之后的又一个深水战略性勘探区块,目前无钻井,属于勘探新区,因此基础地质研究尤为重要。通过断层解释和地层厚度分析,认为文昌组和恩平组分别对应早期强裂陷阶段和晚期弱裂陷阶段,并识别多种不同级别和类型的构造变换带。以经典层序地层学理论为指导,通过对全区二维地震资料追踪闭合,将长昌-鹤山凹陷文昌组-恩平组划分为2个二级层序和7个三级层序。在三级层序格架内,根据地震相特征结合经典的地震相-沉积相转换关系,重建了研究区沉积充填演化过程。通过平面断层组合分析认为,研究区发育两个级别(Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)、六种类型(同向未叠覆型、同向叠覆型、同向平行型、同向共线型、对向叠覆型和背向叠覆型)构造变换带。断陷活动的强弱控制着层序和沉积体系的发育,构造变换带、坡折带类型控制着砂体的分布与规模。针对研究区是深水勘探新区,可通过该思路从构造与沉积耦合度高的区域进行有利区带的预测,为低勘探程度深水研究区的油气勘探提供了科学依据。     

吉尔嘎郎图凹陷赛汉塔拉组沉积特征与超厚煤层异地成因分析

吉尔嘎郎图凹陷的赛汉塔拉组沉积于基底减速沉降-充填演化阶段,是凹陷进入湖泊萎缩阶段早-中期的产物,其层序地层单元属于水退体系域。自下而上由浅湖相、三角洲相和曲流河相组成。其中的超厚煤层与大量薄层浊积砂岩共生,形成于该凹陷的次级深断槽中,沉积环境应为浅湖和局部较深湖。传统的煤沉积模式难以解释其超厚煤层的成因。通过对煤层和夹矸的沉积学研究,以及凹陷充填序列分析,建立了一种陆相超厚煤层异地成因新模式--“弱风暴及水下泥质、砂质重力流亚模式”,简称为胜利盆地亚模式。推测成煤物质是由远源河流搬运而来的巨量异地高灰泥炭,可能先沉积于滨湖三角洲,后经滑塌和浊流作用转移至浅湖中,并经再次分异、沉积成为超厚的低灰煤层。     

渤海海域莱州湾凹陷KL11 2地区盐构造特征

本文主要利用最新的钻井和三维地震资料对渤海海域莱州湾凹陷盐构造几何形态、形成演化及其控制机理进行分析。莱州湾凹陷沙河街组四段含有较厚的岩盐和膏盐层,并在KL112地区发生聚集隆起,形成典型的盐底辟（盐枕）构造。KL112地区盐构造外部形态在不同地区发生了明显变化,从南向北,逐渐由过成熟底辟向成熟底辟和盐枕变化,南部的盐构造已进入底辟后演化阶段,而北部的盐构造仍处于盐枕阶段。受盐体塑性流动影响,盐构造周缘还发育有盐撤凹陷和阶状反向断层等盐相关构造。KL112地区盐构造的形成主要受伸展作用、重力滑动、浮力、沉积差异负载、基底构造以及郯庐断裂带的走滑作用等因素影响,主控因素为伸展作用背景下的重力滑动作用,但郯庐断裂带的走滑作用对盐体的塑性流动及其最终定位也有重要的影响。     

冀中坳陷古近系沉积构造特征与油气分布规律

依据冀中坳陷的沉积构造演化特征、地层发育和油气成藏特点,把冀中坳陷划分出12个凹陷和7个凸起。认为冀中坳陷古近纪经历了5个沉积演化阶段,发育两大成湖期和多种类型的储集体,形成了东西分带、南北分区的沉积构造格局。认为东西分带的沉积格局控制东富西贫的油气分布特点,源岩母质类型控制南油北气的分布特点,洼槽类型控制油气资源潜力和油气勘探前景,次级构造带控制油气藏类型、油气贫富程度和油气聚集带形成,以古潜山为主体的复式油气聚集带是油气聚集的主要形式。最终指出,冀中坳陷具有较大的油气资源潜力和良好的油气勘探前景,深化老区勘探是华北油田找油的必由之路。     

江陵凹陷新沟咀组下段成岩特征及高孔隙带的分布规律

江陵凹陷成岩作用明显受沉积水介质性质的控制,成岩特征呈现出淡水-半咸水介质富碳酸盐胶结与盐湖富硬石膏胶结特征,两种胶结物含量存在互为消长的关系.从分析盐湖成因角度合理解释了成岩规律,认为盐湖环境成因受控于深层卤水和古气候.淡水一半咸水环境和盐湖环境成岩作用模式的差异导致两种环境抗压实的机理存在着差异,相应的高孔隙带分布规律不同,淡水一半咸水环境的早期碳酸盐胶结物被溶蚀形成高孔隙发育带;盐湖环境的膏岩层发育区有利于形成深部异常高压的"封存箱",保存原生孔隙,从而发育高孔隙带.     

松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组大型破火山口的发现

破火山口的形成是火山物质喷发量最大、破坏力最强的一种火山作用现象,因此,探寻破火山口存在的证据是明晰松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组火山喷发规律和叠置关系的关键。徐家围子断陷营城组地层中徐东破火山口呈一个长轴约17km,短轴约10km的椭圆形、塌陷深度近3km的大型破火山口,其天窗式塌陷是下方岩浆房的不对称形态或岩浆房的不对称抽空导致。徐东破火山口内被厚层流纹质凝灰岩和熔岩填充,剖面上显示一对发育完整的正、逆断层,指示徐东破火山口经历了完整的沉降、塌陷、火山喷发过程。徐东破火山口形成于大陆裂谷背景下,是岩石圈减薄,大规模岩浆作用的产物。受区域NNW向构造格架控制,形成破火山口南北延伸的椭圆形态。     

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷BZ26—2—1井馆陶组原油两期注入史

渤中地区普遍存在油气多期运聚成藏。BZ26—2—1井馆陶组原油样品的地球化学分析表明,该原油具有降解和未降解的双重特征：①正构烷烃系列分布完整,且丰度高;②GC／MS分析检出相当丰富的25．降藿烷系列,且绝对浓度较高。这一现象表明馆陶组原油至少存在两期充注过程。     

西藏措勤盆地构造特征与地壳缩短

措勤盆地为青藏高原仅次于羌塘盆地的第二大海相盆地,笔者通过对盆地基底和盖层变形特征分析,将措勤盆地基底划分为北部拗陷、北部隆起、中部拗陷和南部隆起4个一级构造单元;盖层划分为北部拗褶带、北部冲断带、中部拗褶带、南部冲断带和南部拗褶带5个一级构造单元,并利用平衡剖面计算得到措勤盆地晚白垩世缩短约24%。