济阳坳陷石炭二叠系埋藏条件及煤型气源岩分布特征

山东地区经历了多次构造运动,含煤地层遭受严重破坏,因此各地煤系保存程度差异较大。济阳坳陷是石炭—二叠系的深陷区,但济阳坳陷构造十分复杂,煤系保存于坳陷中的一些次级凹陷中。石炭二叠系的埋深多在30 0 0~5 0 0 0m范围内,次级凹陷局部出现较大的埋深变化,最大埋深可达上万米,最小埋深仅在千米左右。煤型气源岩主要为煤层和暗色泥质岩。泥质岩最厚为5 5 5.5m (惠民凹陷),煤层最厚4 0.5m (车镇凹陷),泥岩、煤层厚度分布与残留厚度的变化趋势大体一致。研究表明,济阳坳陷石炭二叠系煤层属较好的烃源岩,泥岩整体上为差—中等烃源岩,局部发育有好的烃源岩。      

厦门软粘土的振陷特性研究

应用动三轴仪对厦门软粘土做了一系列的振陷试验,建立了淤泥质软粘土的振陷经验公式。试验结果表明,该类软粘土动孔压的发展规律性差,具有较强的结构性,其残余应变受动应力的影响较大,当残余应变达到5 % 左右时,软粘土的结构发生破坏。     

二连盆地白音查干凹陷构造沉降对沉积的控制作用

白音查干凹陷北部陡坡沉降速率大,南部缓坡沉降速率小,北坡的霍恩和冬屋地区是持续发育的沉积中心。变换构造带在白音查干凹陷主要表现为调节带,在凹陷的北坡桑合西地区、古尔地区是持续发育的横向调节带,地貌上为持续存在的古高地;南坡的白音查干调节带与达1井东调节带,分别是锡林好来与达尔其辫状河三角洲体系、达尔其与翁特沉积体系的分水岭。凹陷在阿尔善期至腾格尔期沉降快,为断陷湖盆;都红木期以后转化为坳陷湖盆。      

再论广西桂西、桂西北高峰丛热带岩溶发育历史

本文借助桂西、桂西北岩溶高峰丛洼地区内一些不同时代堆积物,对该区热带岩溶发育历史作了一些研究,其结论基本与笔者以前的推论相一致。即桂西、桂西北高峰丛洼地热带岩溶可能由侏罗纪就开始,早白垩纪基本奠定了本区岩溶地貌雏形,以后的岩溶发育是在此地貌雏形基础上的继承发育,一直至今。从中、上新世以来由于两个地壳活动期,使该区更为强烈上升,岩溶垂向发育得到了加强,形成了现在广西最年轻的高峰丛洼地地区。      

东营凹陷盐-泥层构成及其特征

含盐层序原始沉积的典型特征是盐类岩石与超压泥岩等构成互层的多韵律结构.盐和泥作为一个整体, 与纯粹的厚层的盐或泥相比, 其塑性变形能力和行为具有特殊性.针对这一特点, 提出了盐-泥层和盐-泥构造的概念.盐-泥层是指盐类岩石与超压泥岩呈互层的沉积层序, 具有一定的塑性或流动性.盐-泥构造是由盐-泥层的流动变形而形成的一类构造样式.盐-泥层的概念在含盐盆地中具有较广泛的适用性.      

胜利油田东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭模式研究

东营凹陷中央隆起带断裂系统复杂,断层封闭性直接控制油气藏形盛分布及油气藏规模,封闭性强的断层附近可形成大规模油气藏,封闭性差的断层附近油气藏规模小,甚至无油气藏形成.以岩性配置封闭模式、主应力封闭模式和泥岩沾污带封闭模式3种最主要的封闭模式为例建立了东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭模式.定量分析评价了东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭性,认为东营凹陷中央隆起带封闭性断层的最佳断面正应力为40~50 MPa,封闭性断层的泥岩沾污因子常小于2.6.针对某一具体断层判断其是否具有封闭性需多方面综合分析,不可简单地进行单因素分析.      

Effect of digital elevation model spatial resolution on depression storage

Surface water storage—including wetlands and other small waterbodies—has largely been disregarded in traditional hydrological models. In this paper, the grid resampling method is adopted to study the influence of the digital elevation model (DEM) grid resolution on depression storage (DS) considering different rainfall return periods. It is observed that the DEM grid size highly affects DS, and the higher the grid resolution is, the larger the DS value. However, when the grid resolution reaches a certain value, the maximum DS value decreases. This suggests that a critical grid resolution value exists at which the water storage capacity of depressions is maximized, namely, 20 m in this work (except for the overall area simulation under infiltration). This phenomenon is further verified in two test cases with and without the infiltration process, that is, calculations of the local area and without infiltration area, respectively. This research may facilitate the accurate computation of the DS process, which is greatly affected by the grid resolution, thereby improving the reliability of hydrological models.     

Efficient hybrid breaching‐filling sink removal methods for flow path enforcement in digital elevation models

Digital elevation models (DEMs) that are used in hydrological applications must be processed to remove sinks, mainly topographic depressions. Flow enforcement techniques include filling methods, which raise elevations within depressions, breaching, which carves channels through blockages, and hybrid methods. Despite previous research demonstrating the large impact to DEMs and subsequent analyses of depression filling, it is common practice apply this technique to flow enforcement. This is partly because of the greater efficiency of depression filling tools compared to breaching counterparts, which often limits breaching to applications of small‐ to moderate‐sized DEMs. A new hybrid flow enforcement algorithm is presented in this study. The method can be run in complete breaching, selective breaching (either breached or filled), or constrained breaching (partial breaching) modes, allowing for greater flexibility in how practitioners enforce continuous flow paths. Algorithm performance was tested with DEMs of varying topography, spatial extents, and resolution. The sites included three moderate sized DEMs (52 000 000 to 190 000 000 cells) and three massive DEMs of the Iberian Peninsula, and the Amazon and Nile River basins, the largest containing nearly one billion cells. In complete breaching mode, the new algorithm required 87% of the time needed by a filling method to process the test DEMs, while the selective breaching and constrained breaching modes, operating with maximum breach depth constraints, increased run times by 8% and 27% respectively. Therefore, the new algorithm offers comparable performance to filling and the ability to process massive topographic data sets, while giving practitioners greater flexibility and lowering DEM impact. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沉积数值模拟研究现状及实例

沉积数值模拟是开展沉积学定量研究的重要手段,在油气地质学、水利工程等领域中发挥着重要作用。本文基于大量国内外文献调研,结合实际研究工作,系统概述了沉积数值模拟的发展历程及模型分类,归纳了几何规则、水动力方程、扩散方程、元胞自动机和模糊逻辑等5种模拟方法,对比各种方法的基本原理、优缺点以及与其相对应的代表性模拟软件的特点;总结了沉积数值模拟在层序地层学,沉积过程及沉积机理,“源-汇”系统和油气地质学等4个研究领域中的应用现状及独特优势;并结合东营凹陷北部陡坡带断层控制背景下两种湖相重力流沉积数值模拟研究实例,进一步说明了沉积数值模拟在沉积学研究中的有效性与重要性;最后展望了探索不同沉积机制数值模拟新方法,多地质过程耦合数值模拟与地质几何建模一体化,基于人工智能驱动的沉积过程反演数值模拟以及在非常规油气资源勘探开发中深入应用是该领域未来的发展方向。     

淮北海孜煤矿采煤塌陷区煤矸石充填复垦条件分析

为了增加塌陷区耕地资源,有效地提高土地利用率,减少环境污染,本文通过对海孜煤矿塌陷区进行实地勘查,室内测试和实验,分析塌陷区煤矸石充填复垦条件。分析结果表明:塌陷区的地形地貌条件有利于土地复垦工程的实施,较高的地下水位可以为重构土壤提供充足的水分;塌陷区塌陷深度小,且绝大部分塌陷区已达到稳沉状态,有益于煤矸石充填复垦;大量的煤矸石为充填复垦提供了充足的物质基础,煤矸石中有害元素含量低,复垦后不会对地下水和土壤造成显著的污染,且煤矸石的块度组分有利于水分的保持和上移。