Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints: An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.     

地震反射剖面揭示的苏北盆地北缘构造特征及其演化

苏北盆地位于下扬子板块东北部鲁苏隆起的南侧,由于构造位置特殊,其构造演化比较复杂。利用高分辨率反射剖面资料,得到苏北盆地北缘清晰的地下结构和断裂形态。结果表明,整个剖面以大东凸起为对称轴,两侧箕状凹陷近似对称发育,涟南凹陷呈南深北浅的形态,涟北凹陷呈南浅北深的形态,该凹陷内正断层发育。这些研究成果为建立研究区的构造演化模式提供了重要的信息,推测自白垩纪末期以来,研究区在印度板块碰撞和太平洋板块碰撞影响下,拉张裂隙和挤压隆起2种作用交替进行,形成了对称箕状凹陷。     

东濮凹陷沙三段正常三角洲沉积中遗迹化石及意义

通过对钻井岩心的观察和遗迹化石的鉴定,在东濮凹陷古近纪沙河街组沙三段发现遗迹化石10属15种,包括:Skolithos vertivalis,Skolithos linearis,Skolithos isp.,Palaeophycus tubularis,Palaeophycus isp.,Planolites montanus,Planolites beverlegensis,Planolites isp.,Mermoides isp.,Taenidium isp.,Teichichnus isp.,Helminthoidichnites tenuis,Helminthopsis isp.,Beaconites isp.和Thalassinoides isp.。根据岩性特征、沉积构造和遗迹化石的组成、分布特征,研究区沙三段主要发育正常三角洲前缘亚相、前三角洲亚相,并划分了反映不同沉积环境和水体深度的2种遗迹组合,分别为Palaeophycus-Planolites遗迹组合和Planolites-Helminthoidichnites遗迹组合。     

长垣断陷的地壳浅部结构和构造——地震反射剖面结果

为研究长垣断陷的地壳浅部结构和断裂浅部构造特征,跨长垣断陷完成了一条长度49 km的中深层地震反射剖面和一条长度7 km的浅层地震反射剖面。根据获得的地震反射剖面,结合区域地质资料,分析研究区的地壳浅部结构和断裂活动特征。结果表明,长垣断陷是一个东深、西浅的箕状断陷;黄河断裂为西倾的铲形正断层,其浅部错断了埋深约190 m的第四纪地层,其下部错断了多组反射地层和盆地基底,属第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂;长垣断裂浅部错断了新近纪地层的底界,向下延伸至基底之下,属前第四纪断裂。本文研究成果为新乡市及其邻区的活动构造研究和地震危险性评价提供了地震学证据。     

Research on the Seismotectonic Setting in Beibu Gulf Waters

In this paper we discuss the seismogenic structures of the two earthquakes occurring in the Beibu Gulf waters,based on the investigation of geological structure,faults,geophysical fields,seismicity and earthquake focal mechanism.The results show that the NEE trending faults along the boundary of the Wushi depression are the dominating seismogenic structures,and the NW trending faults are the key factors of stress concentration.The results also show that high seismicity has a significant relationship with the late Cenozoic deposition center in the Beibu Gulf,and their NE-NEE trending boundary faults are important to the identification of seismogenic structures.The special arcuate fault segment or the intersection point of the NW trending faults and NE-NEE trending boundary faults is a possible location of future earthquakes.     

“三滩”傍河水源地地下水水位降落漏斗区水质演化

本文在1987～2006年兰州断陷盆地典型水源地地下水环境监测资料基础上,通过2007年10月环境地质补充调查采集地下水样品11组、地表水1组,综合分析了断陷盆地地下水集中开采区浅层地下水水化学特征及时空分布规律,以及黄河条带状为补给区的地下水与开采降落漏斗的水质演变关系。根据多年开采过程中地下水水化学成分的变化及影响因素,阐明了水化学组分与地下水位的密切关系;利用开采量水质时空变化对比资料,得出地下水位下降排泄区与傍河区地下水存在的水力联系。依据本次环境地质调查结果和水样实测数据,进一步论证了傍河区地下水受黄河激发补给因素控制的结论。     

江西信江盆地罗塘凹陷膏盐微量元素地球化学特征

江西信江盆地罗塘凹陷发育一套晚白垩世周田组暗色泥岩与膏盐岩互层沉积,为了解膏盐岩成因,综合利用钻井资 料和地球化学分析手段进行研究。结果表明,研究区膏盐岩主要发育在周田组二、三、四段,岩性为含钙石膏泥岩和泥质 石膏岩,其次为（硬） 石膏岩。稀土和微量元素地球化学特征揭示了膏盐岩与围岩的物源均来自陆源,而非深部卤水。膏 盐岩具有早期高水位浅水区和晚期低水位深水区两种沉积模式。早期高水位浅水区沉积模式主要分布在盆地边缘,沉积了 紫红色含钙质结核泥岩夹膏盐岩;晚期低水位深水区沉积模式主要分布在盆地中心,发育了膏盐岩与暗色泥岩互层沉积, 并组成多个盐韵律。平面上由盆地边缘到中心依次沉积了碳酸盐岩、膏盐岩类的典型蒸发岩序列。     

山西地区地壳S波速度结构

利用山西及周边共44个宽频地震台2014-01~07地震噪声数据,反演瑞利波群速度和相速度频散,得到研究区域的三维剪切波速度。上地壳中,山西断陷带表现为较低的速度异常,而两侧的隆起区则显示高速异常;中下地壳主要表现为以北纬38.5°左右为界的南高北低的速度特征。大同盆地从浅部到中下地壳整体呈现为低速特征,与该地区广泛存在的火山群有关。     

The oxygen isotopic composition as an indicator of the genesis of “Basaltic” corundum

This paper reports an oxygen isotopic study of corundums and associated minerals from the Yogo lamprophyres (Montana, US), plagioclase-corundum inclusions in alkali basalt (Tunkin depression, Russia), and from modern alluvium of Podgelbanochnyi alkaline basaltic volcano (Primorye, Russia). It is shown that all sapphires genetically related to mafic magmatic rocks have a similar oxygen isotopic composition (the variations of δ¹⁸O are within 2.5‰) with most values plotting between +4.5 and +7.0‰ SMOW. The oxygen isotopic ratios in the associated minerals (olivines, pyroxenes, mica, and others) and host rocks are plotted in the same interval. This indicates that the sapphire crystallized during evolution of the parental mafic magma. However, there are xenogenic corundums, which were only transported by basaltic magma to the Earth’s surface. They have a sharply distinct oxygen isotopic composition, which suggests their disequilibrium with the host lavas, and, correspondingly, a different genetic nature.     

乌尔逊凹陷西部边界断裂的幕式演化模式及其对含油气系统的控制作用

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷西部的边界断层-乌西断裂, 对该凹陷的构造演化具有明显的控制作用。研究发现该断裂的生长发育有着明显的幕式演化特点: 经历了分段连锁、宁静、活化和反转等4 个演化阶段, 每一阶段都有不同的构造和沉积特点。其中, 分段连锁和活化阶段是凹陷的主要生长期, 分段连锁阶段以发育张性断块构造样式为特征, 活化阶段则以发育盖层滑脱型构造样式为主。乌西断裂的幕式演化对乌尔逊凹陷烃源岩演化、储盖系统的分布及含油气系统具有一定的控制作用。