Research on the Optimization of Capital for the Governance of Bulk Coal in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei each contributed to the comprehensive governance of bulk coal to treat bulk coal pollution in a mutually beneficial way in 2017. The cooperative game theory is used in this paper to study the environmental benefits and cost effectiveness brought about by this comprehensive governance strategy, primarily focusing on the issue of how to maximize the environmental benefits by choosing an appropriate strategy since the benefits to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are closely related. Therefore, the linear optimization, game theory and Shapley value method in the cooperative game model are used to find the ways to minimize the total governance cost of bulk coal in the three areas. In addition, the issues of how to carry out rational distribution and transfer of governance capital among the three places are explored according to the actual amounts of consumption of bulk coal, the influence of the coal burning on the PM_2.5 and the actual cost of coal governance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2017. The results show that the governance task in Hebei Province is the most onerous, and requires more investment than the other two cities. Thus, it requires the support from other two cities, with the amount of increased capital required of about 600 million Yuan. At the same time, the cost saved after optimization in Tianjin is calculated to be the largest, which thus can be adjusted appropriately and allocated to Hebei for the governance of bulk coal. The model constructed in this paper can not only be used to solve the issues related to bulk coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, but also to carry out the effective distribution of capital, by which a win-win scenario among the three places can be achieved.     

流速分布及锚链自身刚度对弹性单锚链系统变形和受力的影响

在锚链系统中,锚链本身的刚度和水流对其作用是影响锚链变形和受力的主要因素。应用分段外推的数值方法,分别对不同刚度和同一弹性锚链在均匀流作用以及同一弹性锚链在不同流速分布(流速在水深方向呈抛物线分布、对数分布)的水流作用下的变形和受力进行了分析和计算,得出了锚链自身的不同刚度及不同流速对锚链的变形及受力的影响情况。结果表明,刚度对锚链受力及变形影响明显,不同流速分布对锚链的偏移量几乎无影响,但对锚链的受力影响较大,选取抛物线型流速分布对锚链安全有利。     

线性向量半参数模型与标量半参数模型最小二乘估计的比较

研究了最小二乘准则下线性向量半参数模型的核估计、近邻估计及样条估计3种估计方法,分析了向量半参数模型与标量半参数模型在这几种估计方法中的差异。     

各向异性扩散在电磁测深曲线平滑中的应用

电磁类地球物理方法由于极易受到各类噪声的干扰,使得估计的视电阻率曲线或相位曲线发生畸变,严重地影响了反演解译精度,如何对这类观测曲线进行合理有效地平滑,是目前数据处理中的重点,也是难点.本文把各向异性扩散（anisotropic diffusion AD）引入到曲线平滑中,提出了各向异性扩散的曲线平滑方法,以平滑点梯度值的降函数作为扩散速度,在梯度较大的位置予以较小的扩散速度以保护特征,在梯度较小的位置予以较大的扩散速度平滑噪声引起的扰动.同时为了减小“飞点”(outliers)对平滑的干扰,采用局部单调扩散进行预处理.实验结果显示,本文提出的平滑方法有效地平滑了噪声与“飞点”的干扰,恢复了曲线的基本形态,有效地保持了曲线基本特征.     

基于扩散滤波的多尺度三维变分研究

将扩散方程引入三维变分分析,揭示了传统3D-VAR不能有效提取多尺度观测信息的根本原因,即观测导致的目标函数梯度在空间的不连续分布.将扩散滤波融入基于梯度的最优化算法,发展了基于扩散滤波的多尺度3D-VAR.海表面温度数据同化试验结果表明,新方法可从长波至短波有效地提取多尺度的观测信息.     

A field test of a linear stability model for crescentic bars

A morphodynamical linear stability analysis is used to predict the natural development of crescentic bed patterns and rip channels. The purpose is to investigate whether this technique, which is useful for understanding the physics of emerging bed-forms, can be used to make quantitative predictions in the field, which may then be of use for coastal engineers.     

北京市居民地铁出行出发时间弹性时空分布特征研究

伴随城市转型进程的加快,交通需求不断膨胀,导致大城市交通拥堵日趋严重,以调节出行者的选择行为为核心要素的交通需求管理理念成为相关政策的重要理论基础,但现有研究也表明,交通需求管理对出行弹性较高的出行具有显著调节作用,而对出行弹性较低的出行调节作用并不明显。因此,加强出行弹性等居民出行行为研究日益迫切,而公交刷卡数据等新的时空数据为居民复杂出行行为的挖掘提供了新的契机。本文利用北京市2014年3月地铁刷卡数据,以出行者出发时刻的可变性来测度出发时间选择的可改变程度,对居民地铁出行出发时间选择弹性进行测度,并结合GIS空间分析技术对其时空分布特征进行分析。研究表明：① 北京市地铁出行的居民出行弹性平均值为0.521,出发时间选择弹性整体上较大,表明北京居民出发时间选择相对较为灵活;② 北京市居民地铁出行弹性存在时空差异,居民个体休息日出行弹性高于工作日,一天中高峰时段出行弹性高于非高峰时段;③ 居民出行弹性存在空间自相关,倾向于在空间上发生集聚,存在明显的冷热点区域;内城居民的出行弹性明显高于城市外围居民。     

高分辨率遥感影像在云南澜沧老厂矿床地质研究中的应用

在云南澜沧老厂矿床地质研究中,高分辨率QuickBird 影像提供了丰富的地质异常信息:影像线-环结构反映出矿床的控矿环形构造及隐伏构造信息;影像色调异常斑块显示了地面围岩蚀变区域;遥感异常与物化探异常的高度吻合,为地质构造分析和成矿预测提供了有用信息和佐证.     

基于构造约束的波阻抗边界刻画

通过边界保护正则化和约束反演,在反演的目标函数中引入各种先验信息约束,以解决波阻抗反演的病态问题和带限问题.为了克服波阻抗模型边界过于平滑,在反演中引入地层和断层等构造信息约束,并且通过调整地层分界面和断层处的正则参数值来实现构造约束.此外,采用各向异性扩散法进行平滑处理,改善反演结果.通过合成数据测试和实际资料反演,证明了本文提出的方法对刻画模型边界是有效的.     

Elastic fields in two joined transversely isotropic media of infinite extent as a result of rectangular loading

This paper presents the closed‐form solutions for the elastic fields in two bonded rocks induced by rectangular loadings. Each of the two bonded rocks behaves as a transversely isotropic linear elastic solid of semi‐infinite extent. They are completely bonded together at a horizontal surface. The rectangular loadings are body forces along either vertical or horizontal directions and are uniformly applied on a rectangular area. The rectangular area is embedded in the two bonded rocks and is parallel to the horizontal interface. The classical integral transforms are used in the solution formulation, and the elastic solutions are expressed in the forms of elementary harmonic functions for the rectangular loadings. The stresses and displacements in the rocks induced by both the horizontal and vertical body forces are also presented. The numerical results illustrate the important effect of the anisotropic bimaterial properties on the stress and displacement fields. The solutions can be easily implemented for numerical calculations and applied to problems encountered in rock mechanics and engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.