测量极值问题的经验解式--兼论绝对和极小问题

测量上有许多极值问题,如各种准则下的平差,权的最优分配,网的优化方案等,多可归于线性极值问题,且多不适用寻常数学解法。但同型问题往往已经作过多次解算。因此本文以单纯形法为主,强调利用已有经验,直接逼近优解,或经少数次迭进达到优解,然后极值条件加以验证。为此文中着重提出通用解式及优解条件,期能得出优解公式,有相当的适用范围。     

兰坪盆地遥感地质及化探综合分析在成矿预测中的应用

在遥感图像目视解译的基础上,对兰坪盆地的线性构造和环形构造做了详细定量分析,结合已知矿床（ 点） 分布及地球化学异常分析,圈定出了４ 个最有利的成矿远景区,这对进一步研究和指导该区找矿十分有用。     

地震速报(Ms≥4.0)的震级校正——以伽师震群为例

1997年 1月 2 1日～ 1 999年 2月 2 8日 ,伽师发生了 Ms≥ 4 .0级地震 1 0 6次。通过分析对比速报和编目震级资料 ,发现速报震级偏差较大。应用线性拟合结合偏差分析的方法 ,对伽师震群速报震级进行了校正。通过对校正前后的结果比较以及 T假设检验 ,其效果相当理想     

固结不排水剪总应力强度指标的几点讨论

建立了偏离室内常规三轴压缩试验应力条件下的总应力强度指标和有效固结压力强度指标的理论公式;讨论了这两种强度指标的变化规律及其与室内常规CU试验指标的差异;简要地分析了直接将室内常规CU试验指标用于压缩与伸长土单元的强度计算、用于有效固结压力法确定抗剪强度和用于土压力与地基极限承载力计算时的偏差情况。     

Inhibitability of soil loss and sediment concentration during consecutive rainfalls from experimental plots treated by endemic microorganisms

Consecutive rainfalls, due to changes in antecedent moisture, alter soil erosion processes, necessitating the implementation of suitable soil loss control methods. Biological soil microorganism approaches have been applied to control soil loss. However, information on the involvement of microorganisms in the soil loss and rill erosion processes has yet to be supplied. In this study, the individual and combined inoculation of cyanobacteria and bacteria was investigated during five consecutive rai...     

几种不同矩阵算法的遥感图像几何精纠正效果比较

分别采用Gauss、Householder及Givens三种变换形式进行遥感图像几何精纠正试验，并将试验结果与商业遥感软件PCI的纠正结果进行比较。结果表明，Givens算法在一至五次多项式纠正中，其总体精度优于其它算法。     

用柱状成层各向异性介质的并矢Green函数模拟偏心对多分量感应测井响应的影响

采用偏心状态下柱状成层各向异性(横向各向同性)介质中并矢Green函数的解析表达式高效模拟多分量感应测井仪器在井眼中偏心时的响应.为提高精度,在模拟时考虑到了金属心轴、绝缘保护层的存在以及各分量线圈系的具体形状.数值模拟结果表明,当井眼内钻井液电导率相对较高、地层电导率相对较低时,偏心对仪器响应的影响较大,尤其是对短线圈距线圈系的影响更为明显,必须进行偏心效应校正.当钻井液电导率相对较低时,偏心对线圈系响应的影响可忽略不计.对位于相对低电导率井眼中的线圈系而言仪器方位角的影响可忽略不计,而当线圈系位于相对高电导率井眼中时仪器方位角的影响极为明显.当仪器偏心率较小时线圈系的响应随仪器方位角的变化较小,仪器偏心率越大线圈系的响应随仪器方位角的变化越明显.     

Interaction between a circular opening and fractures originating from its boundary in a piecewise homogeneous plane

The complex variables boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to study interaction between a circular opening and fractures originating from its boundary in a piecewise homogeneous plane. A new complex hypersingular equation for piecewise homogeneous media with a circular opening is obtained. The equation is solved using the CVBEM technique with circular and straight boundary elements and polynomial approximations (with square root asymptotics for crack tip elements) for the unknown functions. The algorithm is verified through comparison with known semi‐analytical and numerical solutions that involve interaction between a circular opening and specific systems of cracks or other openings. New numerical results concerning the interaction of the circular opening with the cracks and circular inclusions are presented. The method is applied to an important problem in the petroleum industry: modelling propagation of hydraulic fractures in the vicinity of a borehole. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩体结构面各向异性变异系数的尺寸效应研究

岩体结构面的各向异性与尺寸效应特征对其力学性质影响较大,综合考虑两者之间的相互关系对工程岩体稳定性评价具有重要意义。全面分析不同尺度结构面的各向异性分布,提出考虑正交方向三维形貌参数的各向异性变异系数AVC3D。通过渐进覆盖法统计4组天然岩体结构面10种不同采样尺寸的各向异性变异系数及其尺寸效应规律。结果表明：各向异性变异系数均随结构面尺寸增大而减小至定值,其与结构面尺寸具有较好的负对数函数关系;通过归一化处理,各向异性变异系数与结构面尺寸呈现较好的线性函数关系,表明各向异性变异系数具有分形结构,分维数D可以实现其尺寸效应的规律统计。该方法揭示了影响结构面形貌特征方向性变化的最大有效倾角 和粗糙系数C的增长幅度会随采样尺寸增大趋于稳定的变化机制,体现了当结构面达到各向异性尺寸效应的阈值后,会呈现出稳定的各向异性规律。     

Amplification of SH waves by an orthotropic basin

Scattering of elastic waves by an orthotropic sedimentary basin is investigated for antiplane strain model using an indirect boundary integral equation approach. Both steady state and transient response were obtained for semicircular and semielliptical basins with different material properties. The results indicate that the basin geometry and the impedance contrast between the half-space and the basin have similar effects on the surface ground motion amplification as for the isotropic case. However, the material anisotropy may change significantly the fundamental resonant frequencies of the basin, resulting in different surface displacement amplification patterns. In addition, it was observed that the arrival time of the main disturbance on the surface strongly depends on material anisotropy for different angles of incidence. The results demonstrate that material anisotropy may be very important in explaining surface ground motion amplification for sedimentary basins. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.