郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段花岗岩LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

本文利用LA-ICP MS方法,对零星分布于郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段肥东-巢湖地区的一些花岗岩体进行了锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究.结果表明,西徐村北岩体、尖山岩体、西花村岩体、永丰岩体和锦张村岩体的形成年龄分别为126.9 ±1.0Ma、114.8±1.3Ma、108.1 ±1.6Ma、103.0 ±0.9Ma和120.3 ±0.7Ma,这些花岗岩体均形成于早白垩世,但侵位时间有一定差异.与郯庐断裂带西侧的鲁西、徐淮、蚌埠地区同时代克拉通内部侵入岩相比,断裂带内岩浆活动持续的时间更长(～27Ma).这一结果不但指示郯庐断裂带上的岩浆活动是不均一的,各地岩浆在活动的强烈程度和时间特征上均有很大的差异,而且显示了断裂带内比克拉通内部岩浆活动结束时间较晚,暗示其下岩石圈可能有更为强烈的减薄程度和更长的减薄历史.     

北秦岭马河钼矿区花岗岩类的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对北秦岭马河钼矿区桃官坪中-细粒二长花岗岩和西沟斑状二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,分别获得了157±1Ma(NSWD=13)和153±1Ma(NSWD=14)的谐和年龄,表明其为晚侏罗世侵入体。马河钼矿的形成与这两个侵入体密切相关,据此限定该钼矿床成矿时代略晚于157~153Ma,为侏罗世晚期成矿。桃官坪和西沟花岗岩具有高硅(68.12%~76.33%),富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=6.35%~10.38%)的特征,K₂O/Na₂O变化较大(0.91~1.89),A/CNK在0.85~1.14之间,为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。微量元素上富集U、Pb、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Rb、Ba、K、Sr、P等大离子亲石元素。稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型,多数具有弱的负铕异常(δEu=0.5~0.9),少数样品具有弱正铕异常(δEu=1.05~1.08)。与华北地块南缘与钼矿有关的花岗岩相比,二者均具有高硅、高钾、富碱的特征。但马河钼矿区成矿花岗岩比华北地块南缘的稍基性,这可能是导致马河钼矿的矿床规模比华北地块南缘较小的原因之一。     

马达加斯加Maevatanana金矿区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

马达加斯加中部Maevatanana、Andriamena和Beforona三条绿岩带共有上百处铬、镍、铁、金等金属矿点。对位于马达加斯加中北部绿岩带的Maevatanana西南部花岗岩体进行主量元素、微量元素、锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及Lu-Hf同位素分析。岩体主要由黑云母二长花岗岩构成,为准铝质到弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE),其稀土元素总量为∑REE=92.02×10-6,A/CNK=1.01。其内锆石LA-MCICP-MS U-Pb的年龄为739~767Ma,即中新元古代,其εHf(t)均为负值,揭示该矿区花岗岩体源区为陆壳。其中岩浆锆石和继承锆石的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄相近,表明花岗岩源岩的形成时期和基底黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的原岩一致。地球化学性质显示花岗岩体为I型花岗岩,与埃达克岩类似。综合数据认为岩体形成于中-新元古代(824~720Ma)Rodinia超大陆裂解,伴随Mozambique洋闭合Tanzanian克拉通与印度Dharwar克拉通汇聚背景下的陆缘弧岩浆活动。     

Hydrologic and geochemical properties of the San Andreas fault at the Stone Canyon well

The Stone Canyon well penetrates 600 m of highly fractured and severely altered quartz diorite intimately associated with the creeping segment of the San Andreas fault of central California. Geophysical logs reveal a complex hydrology dominated by major fractures. Fluid pressure in some fractures is sufficient to prevent invasion of the formation by heavy drilling mud, implying pore pressures at least 10% higher than hydrostatic ones. At least three chemically distinct waters are encountered, including a chloride brine clearly segregated from the shallow, potable groundwater. Chemical alteration of the quartz diorite persists throughout the well, far below the depth where the water-rock reactions responsible for the ubiquitous chlorite and mixed-layer clays can be considered weathering. Whole-rock ¹⁸O analyses indicate significant interaction of the rocks with a low ¹⁸O fluid within some of the fractured and altered zones, whereas a deeper sample shows¹⁸O enrichment. High pore pressures encountered in Stone Canyon may be due to tectonic compression. Measurements of temporal variations in the pore pressure at the well may provide a means of predicting earthquakes along this segment of the San Andreas fault.     

Micro-sheeting of granite and its relationship with landsliding specifically after the heavy rainstorm in June 1999, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

Certain types of granite in mountainous areas are microscopically sheeted to a depth of 50 m due to unloading under the stress field that reflects slope morphology. Micro-sheets generally strike parallel to major slope surfaces and gently dip downslope, forming cataclinal overdip slopes. The cataclinal overdip slope accelerates creep movement of micro-sheeted granite, which in turn loosens and disintegrates granite via the widening or neoformation of cracks, probably in combination with stress release, temperature change, and changes in water content near the ground surface. The surface portion of micro-sheeted granite is thus loosened with a well-defined basal front, which finally slides in response to heavy rain. Innumerable landslides of this type occurred in Hiroshima Prefecture, western Japan, following the heavy rainstorm of 29 June 1999. Following such landslides, the weathering of micro-sheeted granite exposed on the landslide scar recommences, setting the stage for future landslide.     

甘肃西秦岭金矿富集区花岗岩与金成矿作用的关系

依据甘肃西秦岭金矿富集区矿床和相关花岗岩的同位素年龄和稳定同位素数据,探讨了该区金矿床成矿作用与花岗岩成岩作用的关系及成矿物质来源。从数据显示,成岩和成矿作用均发生在侏罗纪;成岩年龄集中分布在200Ma~171Ma;大规模成矿作用年龄分布在195Ma~140Ma;成矿事件同步或略滞后于花岗岩浆活动;相关花岗岩是地壳物质重熔而成的S型;花岗岩浆侵入是该区金矿形成的主导因素;成矿物质和流体来源于地壳。     

滇西南云岭锡矿三叠纪花岗岩年代学、地球化学与云母矿物学特征: 对锡成矿的指示意义

云岭锡矿位于保山地块东缘的云岭花岗岩体内,含矿岩石主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,局部显示片麻状构造。本文锆石U-Pb定年结果表明云岭花岗岩侵位于222.8±1.3Ma,其SiO₂为64.83%~66.05%,K₂O为3.30%~3.72%,Na₂O为1.91%~2.19%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.26~1.30,显示过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩特征。花岗岩中岩浆锆石和继承锆石ε_Hf(t)值分别在-10.6~-13.9和-1.16~-23.8之间,对应t_DM2 (Ma)分别在1926~2138Ma和1951~3387Ma之间,表明岩浆主要来源于古老的地壳物质重熔。云岭花岗岩中Sn含量在4.3×10^-6~14.2×10^-6之间,花岗岩中岩浆黑云母Sn含量在5.8×10^-6~9.6×10^-6之间,蚀变花岗岩中的热液黑云母Sn含量为75.8×10^-6~244.0×10^-6,交代岩浆黑云母的热液白云母Sn含量为12.2×10^-6~16.4×10^-6,而石英脉中白云母的Sn含量为741.0×10^-6~1042×10^-6。对比华南和云南腾冲地区部分锡矿床和含锡花岗岩,云岭花岗岩演化程度低,且花岗岩及岩浆黑云母的Sn含量未显著富集,可能不是致矿花岗岩。云岭锡成矿作用可能与深部隐伏的花岗岩释放的富Sn岩浆流体有关。

     

Granite gneiss basement on Flinders Island,South Australia

A U–Pb zircon age of 1762 ± 11 Ma is reported for granite gneiss located on Flinders Island, South Australia. This age is identical, within analytical uncertainty, to a previously reported age for schists of the Price Metasediments located 100 km to the southeast on the southwestern coast of the Eyre Peninsula. The outcrop represents the only known country rock to the Early Mesoproterozoic Calca Granite (Hiltaba Suite) of Flinders Island, the largest island of the Investigator Group of islands, in the southwestern Gawler Craton. The stratigraphic name Investigator Granite Gneiss is proposed for this rock unit. The discovery of the Investigator Granite Gneiss now considerably increases the extent of known Late Palaeoproterozoic rocks on the eastern side of the peninsula. The outcrop was previously included with the considerably younger St Peter Suite granite‐monzogranite, and grouped together with other islands in the Investigator Group. This new dating suggests that the geology on the other islands may require revision. For the first time, detailed major and trace‐element geochemistry is supplied for the granite gneiss on Flinders Island.     

柴达木盆地北缘大柴旦地区古生代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年

大柴旦地区是柴北缘古生代超高压带的重要组成部分,与超高压岩石相伴的花岗岩十分发育。这些花岗岩具有两类不同的岩石地球化学特征,Ⅰ类以 Na_2O/K_2O 比值小于1、明显的负 Eu 异常和低 Sr、高 Y 为特征,具有 S-型花岗岩的属性,Ⅱ类以 Na_2O/K_2O 比值大于1、弱负 Eu 异常到正 Eu 异常和高 Sr、低 Y 为特征,具有Ⅰ-型花岗岩的属性,反映了它们的源岩及成因上的差异。锆石 SHRIMP U—Ph 定年结果表明,大柴旦地区花岗岩的年龄可分为三组,第一组年龄为446.3±3.9Ma,第二组年龄分别为408.6±4.4Ma、403.3±3.8Ma、401.8±3Ma,第三组年龄分别为374.5±1.6Ma、372±2.1Ma。结合区域地质特征,我们认为,第一组年龄可能反映了柴达木陆块与中南祁连板块碰撞的时代,第二组年龄可能反映了深俯冲地下的板块由于拆沉而折返的时代,第三组年龄可能反映了碰撞隆起后造山带上不同块体之间的伸展、滑塌的时代。     

滇西双江县勐库地区临沧花岗岩中暗色包体锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

位于三江南段双江勐库地区的临沧花岗岩,主体岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩,其次为黑云母花岗闪长岩和碱长花岗岩。通过野外地质调查,在勐库热水塘附近黑云二长花岗岩中发现了与其紧密共生的暗色镁铁质微粒包体(MME)-闪长岩。本文对暗色闪长岩包体进行了岩相学观察、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和全岩主量元素分析。暗色闪长岩包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为230.9±1.2Ma,与中细粒黑云二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄(229.2±0.8Ma)基本一致。岩石地球化学特征表明,黑云二长花岗岩富K₂O和Na₂O,Na₂O > K₂O,富Al₂O₃,铝饱和指数A/CNK平均为1.17;闪长岩K₂O和Na₂O含量中等,Na₂O > K₂O,富Al₂O₃和MgO,铝饱和指数A/CNK平均为0.77。二者稀土配分曲线为右倾的轻稀土富集型,二者均富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等,均具有相对较高的Mg^#(黑云二长花岗岩30.50~61.41;闪长岩58.58~67.34)。中细粒黑云二长花岗岩Cr、Ni含量(平均值分别为46.96×10^-6和11.21×10^-6)小于闪长岩Cr、Ni含量(平均值分别为197.62×10^-6和75.68×10^-6)。综合研究表明,该地区花岗质岩浆的形成很可能与地幔流体作用引发的地壳部分熔融与壳幔岩浆混合作用密切相关,形成于陆陆碰撞-后碰撞的构造背景,暗示保山地块与思茅地块在230Ma已经进入了陆陆碰撞-后碰撞的地质时期。