Temporal variations of C,N, δC,and δN in organic matter collected by a sediment trap at Cuenca Alfonso,Bahía de La Paz,SW Gulf of California

To monitor the composition and the vertical flux of particulate matter from the sea surface, a sediment trap was moored in Cuenca Alfonso, Bahía de La Paz, a zone of high productivity in the southwestern Gulf of California. Carbonate-free samples from 2002 to 2005 were analyzed for C_org, N, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N. The results show seasonal and interannual variability, with the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values larger in spring and summer than in fall and winter. The C:N ratio and δ¹³C increased by 1.5 units from 2002 to 2003–2005, suggesting a change in the supply of organic matter and-or the use or preferential degradation of N_org. There was no interannual variation in δ¹⁵N. The occasional high δ¹⁵N values suggest that physical mechanisms, such as the shoaling and advection into the bay of ¹⁵N-rich subsurface equatorial water, occur over short time periods. The latter is presumed to be related to the periodic development of a significant cyclonic gyre in the southern Gulf.     

Effects of Caragana Korshinskii Kom. Cover on runoff,sediment yield and nitrogen loss

Soil erosion is serious in the Loess Plateau of China. Deposition of the eroded sediment in lakes or rivers may lead to eutrophication, because the sediment carries a lot of nutrients. Field experiments were conducted to study soil erosion and loss of nitrogen (N) from a 15o hillslope with 30% (low) or 80% (high) coverage of the shrub Caragana korshinskii Kom. A bare soil plot was used for the comparison. The results showed that Caragana korshinskii cover significantly reduced runoff and soil erosion. In comparison to the bare soil plot, the vegetation covered plots had about 20% less runoff and 65% less sediment. In general, the concentration of N in both runoff water and the eroded sediment decreased with time and approached a steady value. However, the species of nitrate nitrogen (NO3) was exceptional which increased with time slightly. The soil erosion caused an N loss of about 250 mg/m2 for the bare soil plot, the low coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 20% and the high coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 40%. Moreover, the amount of total N in eroded sediment was 2 to 3 times higher than the value in runoff water. In the total N loss, the organic N was about 75-80%. Nevertheless, inorganic N in runoff water was 5 to 10 times higher than the value in eroded sediment. The species of NO3 was obviously higher than the species of ammonium nitrogen (NH4). NO3 was the main species of inorganic N loss and was about two thirds of total. The organic N was the main species of N in the eroded sediment.     

公元前1767年河南偃师地震核查

本文通过查阅公元前1767年河南偃师地震相关的历史记载,讨论了资料的可信性,并确定了该地震确实存在。同时通过对资料的分析,确定了该震的发震时间为夏桀末年(公元前1767年);震中位于河南偃师南(夏代国都斟鄩);地震震级为6级;给出的震中定位精度为Ⅲ。     

长江三角洲顶部冰后期地层的沉积特征

钻探证实,镇江市谏壁镇长江北岸高桥镇北部埋藏硬粘土层,之上为冰后期松散沉积物。沉积物主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂泥互层,中部局部夹含细砾中细砂,顶部见淤泥质粘土;夹数十层植物炭屑层;以水平纹理为主,局部见小型交错层理、波状层理。表明冰后期以来该地处于水动力较弱的河湖环境,为多期湖沼相沉积夹汉道河流相沉积,局部有海相沉积物加入。根据碳化植物碎屑^14C年龄,推测冰后期底界年龄约13000aBP,海侵到达该地的时间约为9000aBP,海侵最高位时间约为6500aBP。冰后期平均沉积速率约为4．9m／ka,湖沼相3．4～6m／ka,河流相10～15m／ka。对全新统的底界年龄和海相层的埋藏深度进行了讨论。     

新疆吐尔库班套蛇绿混杂岩的发现及其地质意义

蛇绿岩作为残留洋壳的良好记录,对于研究古板块构造及其演化具有重要意义。新发现的吐尔库班套蛇绿混杂岩位于新疆阿尔泰布尔津南部,主要由超镁铁岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩、复理石建造等构成。其中辉长岩和片麻状花岗岩的锆石U Pb年龄在363～355 Ma,指示蛇绿岩的形成、洋壳俯冲时代在晚泥盆世晚期。岩石地球化学特征表明,该蛇绿岩套的镁铁超镁铁岩和玄武岩属低碱、低钛、富镁的拉斑玄武岩系列,具有较典型的幔源岩石特征,玄武岩形成于类似洋中脊的构造环境。混杂岩带中的片麻状花岗岩属于钠质的低钾岩石系列,形成于火山弧或同碰撞构造环境,亦为洋壳俯冲的结果。吐尔库班套蛇绿岩与科克森套、乔夏哈拉、布尔根蛇绿岩一起构成了沿额尔齐斯分布的蛇绿混杂岩带,构成了分割西伯利亚板块和哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块的斋桑-科克森套-南蒙古缝合带。     

基于STC89C52单片机的地震台站远程监控系统

针对无人地震监测点日益增加和台网运行维护存在不足的现状,提出一种基于STC89C52单片机的远程监控系统。对该系统的单片机微控制器、通信模块、温湿度检测模块等硬件组成进行描述,并介绍其控制程序。实践证明,该系统可以对无人值守台站的设备进行断电和重启等远程操作并对工作环境进行实时监测,为地震监测设备的实时维护和稳定运行提供依据与保障。     

不同浓度化学融雪剂对草鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响

化学融雪剂是寒冷地区冬季除雪的主要措施之一,其对地表水生态系统的累积性影响已逐渐受到重视。拟以草鱼为研究对象,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法和紫外吸收的方法,研究不同浓度融雪剂对鱼鳃和肌肉组织中SOD和CAT活性的影响,旨在为融雪剂对水生生物的毒性效应提供数据支持。在4.10、5.13、6.41、8.01 g·L^-1和10.01 g·L^-1不同浓度条件下,进行融雪剂对草鱼的暴露实验。结果表明：融雪剂对草鱼的96 h LC50值为14.19 g·L^-1,安全浓度值应不超过4.03 g·L^-1。根据化学融雪剂对草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）96 h LC50值,5.13、6.41、8.01、10.01 g·L^-1浓度融雪剂暴露组与对照组相比,草鱼鳃和肌肉组织SOD的活性均被显著抑制 (P<0.05或P<0.01)。在7 d时,化学融雪剂胁迫下草鱼鳃和肌肉组织CAT活性均表现为显著抑制(P<0.05或P<0.01),草鱼鳃中CAT活性高于肌肉组织中。     

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基于GPRS的家庭防盗报警系统设计

为了解决当前防盗系统存在的诸如可靠性较差、易破坏,易误报、漏报、处理时间延后、布线繁琐等问题,提出一种基于GPRS的家庭防盗报警系统的设计方案,该系统采用传感器对家庭住所环境实施监控,当有警情发生时,传感器将脉冲信号传送到单片机中进行处理,从而执行中断程序,在声光报警恐吓盗窃分子的同时,单片机控制GPRS模块,将警情短消息发送到预设号码,自动呼叫预设号码,主人便可采取更进一步的安全措施,使警情得到及时处理,保护生命财产安全,最终实现家庭防盗系统的报警功能。     

基于Kriging 算法的海底地形插值设计与实现

针对目前海底地形构建方面存在的问题与不足,基于普通Kriging的计算公式,以渤海海域采集的离散高程点数据为例,对构建海底地形高程模型的空间插值方法——Kriging方法进行了研究。针对海底地形建模的具体实现,重点对Kriging算法的数据分布检验、数据分组、球形模型拟合、网格化插值以及结果显示等模块进行研究。最后,基于Visual C++6.0平台对海底地形高程的插值过程进行了编程实现和可视化表达,从而成功构建出渤海局部海域的海底地形特征,为海洋科学研究和工程建设提供了参考和依据。